Like Solandra Sw. and Schultesianthus Hunz., but differing from both in having membranous leaves (vs. chartaceous or coriaceous), lacking glandular trichomes, having pendulous inflorescences with long slender peduncles (vs. solitary flowers or short erect inflorescences with thick woody peduncles), distally winged pedicels, and actinomorphic corollas (vs. weakly zygomorphic); differing from Solandra in its smaller corollas (8.5–15 cm vs. 15–40 cm long), flowers borne in groups (vs. solitary), straight filaments and styles (vs. strongly curved and declinate), and 2-locular ovaries (vs. 4-locular); differing from Schultesianthus Hunz. in the chartaceous fruiting calyx with visible venation (vs. a thick, shiny and coriaceous fruiting calyx with no visible venation).

Doselia lopezii (Hunz.) A.Orejuela & Särkinen comb. nov. (basionym Markea lopezii Hunz.)

Hemiepiphytic lianas adhering to the trees by adventitious roots. Stems terete when fresh, irregularly angulate when dry, pubescent with simple, uniseriate multicellular eglandular trichomes, older stems with pale brown and papery bark, often peeling, with broad circular foliar scars left by fallen leaves. Leaves alternate on young stems or tightly clustered appearing sub-opposite in adult branches, simple, broadly elliptic to obovate, membranous, concolorous, sparsely to densely pubescent both abaxially and adaxially with simple, uniseriate eglandular trichomes like those on stem; major veins 3–6 pairs; base attenuate to obtuse, sometimes asymmetric; margins entire to undulate; apex acute, acuminate, or mucronate; petioles well-developed, conspicuously articulate, green. Inflorescences axillary to sub-axillary monochasial cymes, simple to one-branched, occasionally bracteate, usually long-pedunculate and pendulous, 1–7-flowered, pubescent with trichomes as on the stems; peduncles (1.2–) 8.5–50 cm long; bracts absent or if present foliaceous and linear, 5–6 cm long, 1–2 cm wide; pedicels 0.5–3.0 cm long, conical, 5-ribbed, distally thickened and winged in some species, articulated at the base. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, perfect, aestivation valvate in the calyx and cochlear in corolla. Calyx cupuliform, green to whitish-green with purple colouration sometimes on the veins or along the margins only; lobes flat to undulate, 2.4–5.2 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide, long-triangular to lanceolate, apically long-acuminate to acute, pubescent with simple, uniseriate eglandular, transparent to brown trichomes. Corollas 8.5–15 cm long, the inner corolla diameter from 2.5–5.0 cm, infundibuliform, hypocrateriform to tubular-campanulate, orange, purple, white, yellowish-green with purple veins, sparsely pubescent abaxially with trichomes like those on the calyx; lobes 1.6–4.2 cm long, 1.6–4.3 cm wide, triangular to oblong, spreading to reflexed during anthesis, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the margins entire to undulate to revolute, the apices acute to obtuse. Stamens 5, equal, included within corolla tube or fully exserted beyond the mouth; filaments 1.7–6.1 cm long, adnate to the base of the corolla, white to purple-tinged, glabrous to pubescent at the point of insertion; anthers 1.4–2.7 cm long, 1.3–1.8 mm wide, elongate, basifixed, not connivent. Ovary conical, 2.9–7.5 mm long, 2.9–7 mm in diameter, light yellow to brown, 2-carpellate, 2-locular, glabrous, with a well-developed 5-lobed light green to pale yellow nectariferous disc; style 5.9–8.8 cm long, straight, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes 0.3–0.5 mm long; stigma 2-lobed, ca. 1 mm long and wide, usually clavate. Fruit a conical berry, 1.5–4.4 cm long, 1.5–4.4 cm in diameter, pale to dark green, chartaceous to coriaceous when dry, 2-locular, the exocarp 2–2.8 mm thick; fruiting calyx persistent, the lobes 3–5 cm long, 1.2–2.3 cm wide, appressed and enveloping the berry loosely, fully covering the fruit. Seeds numerous, 2.2–3.6 mm long, 1–1.7 mm wide, subreniform, the testa reticulate, the testa cells rectangular and straight in the outline, the embryo slightly curved, the cotyledons accumbent, slightly longer than the embryo rest, endosperm rather scanty. Chromosome number not known.

The generic name Doselia is derived from the Spanish word “dosel”, meaning canopy. It refers to the hemiepiphytic lianescent habit of all species of Doselia, with branches rising high up to the canopy to the top of tree crowns. The plants can be challenging to see because of their position on top of the tree canopy unless the plants have their showy pendulous flowers.

(Fig. 2). Mid-elevation moist Andean forests from 500 to 2,300 m in Ecuador (Provinces of Morona Santiago, Napo, Pastaza) and Colombia (Departments of Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Huila, Putumayo, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca).

Doselia represents a morphologically distinct group of four hemiepiphytic lianas from mid-elevation moist Andean forests with very long branches extending to the forest canopy through adventitious roots. The combination of hemiepiphytic lianescent habit, membranous leaves arranged in tight clusters on adult branches, indumentum consisting of only simple eglandular trichomes, showy actinomorphic flowers arranged in elongated, pendulous, and few-flowered inflorescences, and conical fruits is unique within the tribe.

Within Solandreae, the lianescent hemiepiphytic habit is also known in Solandra and Schultesianthus, with the rest of the tribe mainly being epiphytic or rarely terrestrial shrubs (Markea antioquiensis clade; Table 1). Leaves of all Doselia species are highly clustered on branch tips in whorls of 4–6 similar to species in the Markea antioquiensis clade and some species of Markea (e.g., M. plowmanii Hunz.) and differ from all other genera and species of the tribe where leaves are more spread apart and clearly alternate (Table 1). Leaves in Doselia are membranous with simple eglandular trichomes on both surfaces, a character shared with some species of the Markea antioquiensis clade (e.g., M. pilosa S.Knapp; Table 1). In many other genera of Solandreae, the leaves are chartaceous (e.g., Hawkesiophyton Hunz., Juanulloa Ruiz & Pav., Merinthopodium Donn. Sm., Solandra and Trianaea Planch. & Linden) or subcoriaceous to coriaceous (e.g., Schultesianthus) and often have simple glandular and/or dendritic trichomes in addition to the simple eglandular ones (Table 1).

Inflorescences in Doselia are long and pendulous (up to 50 cm long), with up to three flowers of which only one or rarely two develops at a time (Table 1). Such inflorescences are not typical in the tribe but are observed only in a few other species in Solandreae, including Markea coccinea Rich., Merinthopodium neuranthum (Hemsl.) Donn.Sm., Merinthopodium pendulum (Cuatrec.) Hunz., and Trianaea nobilis Planch. & Linden. Pedicels in some Doselia species are distally winged because the sutures of the calyx are winged and continue onto the pedicel. Distally winged pedicels are also known in some species of the Markea antioquiensis clade (e.g., Markea antioquiensis S.Knapp and Markea pilosa S.Knapp; Table 1).

Corollas in Doselia are actinomorphic and showy, similar to species of the Markea antioquiensis clade, but these two groups can be distinguished based on other characters such as growth form, peduncle length, number of open flowers per inflorescence, and floral bract and calyx size (Table 1). The two groups also differ in their calyx lobes, where lobes have acute to long-acuminate tips in Doselia but are rounded in the Markea antioquiensis clade. Corollas in the two other morphologically closely related genera Solandra and Schultesianthus are slightly zygomorphic (Table 1).

Fruits in Doselia are conical, leathery, and fully covered by the calyx, like those of Solandra, but differ from the latter in being 2-carpellate and 2-locular, in contrast to the 2-carpellate and 4-locular fruits in Solandra (Table 1). Fruits in Schultesianthus appear similarly leathery but are globose in shape and covered only partially by an irregularly splitting calyx (Table 1). Chromosome number is not known for Doselia, but count numbers in other members of Solandreae, have shown a basic chromosome number ×=12 for Dyssochroma Miers (Piovano 1989; Acosta and Moscone 2000), Solandra (Campin 1924; Lepper 1982) and Trianaea (Chiarini et al. 2019). Similar chromosome counts might be expected for Doselia, but further research is necessary to confirm this assumption.

Based on Markea epifita S.Knapp

Hemiepiphytic liana with adventitious roots. Stems sparsely pubescent with simple, uniseriate 2–4-celled hyaline trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, giving the stems a tuberculate look. Leaves tightly clustered towards the branch tips, 11–25 cm long, 6–12 cm wide, obovate, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 2–4-celled trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, the trichomes denser and stiffer abaxially along the veins on both surfaces; major veins 4–5 pairs, not raised abaxially, drying dark brown; base attenuate, symmetric; margins entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1–5 cm long, pubescent with stiff trichomes abaxially like those of the leaves. Inflorescence 18.5–45 cm long, axillary, unbranched, ebracteate, ca. 4–5-flowered, densely pubescent with simple, uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 8.5–35.2 cm long; pedicels 1.2–1.7 cm long, winged. Calyx 3.8–4 cm long, 1.4–1.5 cm wide, green tinged with purple, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5–1 mm long; tube 0.5–0.7 cm long; lobes undulate, 3.0–3.3 cm long, 0.8–1 cm wide, long-triangular, apically acuminate, densely pubescent abaxially with simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5–1 mm long, adaxially similar but also with tiny brownish papillate trichomes. Corolla 9–11 cm long, the inner corolla diameter 3–3.5 cm, infundibuliform, gradually widening from the base, glabrous; tube 7.5–8 cm, cream to green with lines or patches of purple; lobes 3.4–4.2 cm long, 2.5–3.3 cm wide, ovate, purple or violet, reflexed at anthesis, the margins slightly undulate, the apex obtuse to rounded, glabrous or with a few minute trichomes along the veins. Stamens 3.6–7.7 cm long, included within corolla tube; filaments 2–5 cm long, adnate to ca. 1 cm from the base of the corolla tube, white to purple-tinged, glabrous; anthers 1.6–2.7 cm long, 1.7–1.8 mm wide, cream. Ovary 3.3–3.4 mm long, 3.3–3.4 mm wide, colour unknown, glabrous; style 5.5–6 cm long, cream, glabrous except for a few simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long at the very base; stigma clavate. Fruit not known. Chromosome number not known.

(Fig. 2). On the eastern slopes of the Andes in central Ecuador (Provinces Morona-Santiago, Napo, and Pastaza) and Colombia (Departments Putumayo and Caquetá).

In premontane forest between 500–1,500 m elevation.

(IUCN 2022). Our data support the assessment of the species by Knapp et al. (2017) who considered D. epifita as vulnerable (VU) based on the criteria B1ab [iii]. Doselia epifita is known from a few collections in the Cordillera de los Guacamayos, the protected areas of Sumaco-Napo-Galeras and Sangay, areas near the city of Puyo in Ecuador, the Natural Reserve “La isla escondida” in Putumayo, and the surroundings of the Alto Fragua indiwasi National Park in Caquetá, Colombia. The biggest threat to the species is deforestation (Knapp et al. 2017).

Doselia epifita is the only species of Doselia that reaches Ecuador and has the lowest elevational range within the genus. Doselia epifita is morphologically most similar to D. galilensis, and a detailed comparison is presented under the latter. The inflorescence morphology of D. epifita was unknown until recently because no complete specimens with entire inflorescences were known when the species was first described (Knapp 1998). Recent collections have revealed that the inflorescences are axillary and long (18.5–45 cm long; Fig. 3B), as correctly predicted by Knapp (1998). The fruits of this species remain unknown.

Figure 3. 

Doselia epifita A branch with clustered leaves B floriferous branch C flower at anthesis D dissected corolla showing inserted stamens E detail of gynoecium with a five-lobed nectariferous disc and a clavate stigma (A–E Ceron & Hurtado 6534, Palacios 6893: Drawing by Omar Bernal).

The specific epithet refers to the apparent epiphytic habit of the species, though, like other species in the genus, D. epifita is a hemiepiphyte rather than an obligate epiphyte.

Colombia. Caquetá: Belén de Los Andaquíes, camino Andaquí, via que comunica Acevedo con Belén de los Andaquíes, vegetación a orilla de quebrada, 12 Mar 2016 (fl), Cárdenas 45979 (COAH). Ecuador. Morona-Santiago: Parque Nacional Sangay, lagunas de Sardinayacu, 2°05'54"S, 78°09'19"W, 1,400–1,500 m, 18 Jan 2015 (fl), Pérez et al. 7875 (QCA). Napo: Canton Archidona, Carretera Hollin–Loreto, km 25, Sector Challua Yacu, Faldas al sur del Volcán Sumaco, 1°27'00"S, 77°22'48"W, 1,200 m, 26 Aug 1980 (fl), Cerón 6534 (MO, NY); Cantón Loreto, Parque Nacional Sumaco, Napo-Galeras, Matorral de Bambú, Bloque 19, línea sísmica 22, Compañía Triton, 0°47'00"S, 77°28'00"W, 500 m, 25 Mar 1996 (fl), Freire & Cerda 271 (MO, QCNE); Cantón El Chaco, Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Coca, Punto ST3, margen derecha del Río Quijos, 10 km al S de Reventador, 0°11'00"S, 77°39'00"W, 1,500 m, 3 Oct 1990 (fl), Palacios 5893 (MO). Pastaza: Cantón Mera, Carretera al Rio Ansu, 5 km al NE de Mera, 1°15'36"S, 78°03'36"W, 1,200 m, 16 Mar 1985 (fl), Palacios et al. 123 (MO); Cantón Mera, Colonia Pindo, Mirador en la Reserva Pindo, 1°27'23"S, 78°04'47"W, 12 Nov 2011, Orozco et al. 3876 (COL); Road Veracruz (Indillama) – Canelos, 1°35'00"S, 77°51'00"W, 25 Jun 1968 (fl), Lugo 75 (MO); Cantón Pastaza, Shell, Río Pindo, 1°29'59"S, 78°03'44"W, 1,050 m, 18 Aug 1992 (fl), Palacios 10380 (MO).

Differing from all other members of Doselia in its mature leaves with sparse pubescence of trichomes on the midvein and along margins only (vs. on entire lamina). Like D. epifita (S.Knapp) A.Orejuela & Särkinen but differing in the pale green to purplish-green calyces with flat lobes (vs. calyces green with purple patches with undulate lobes) and larger corolla 12–15 cm long (vs. 9–11 cm long).

Colombia. Tolima: Municipio Villarrica, Vereda Galilea, Bosque de Galilea, zona Campo Hermoso, junto a parcela permanente de Monitoreo de 1 ha, 03°46'21"N, 74°39'56"W, 1,543 m, 11 Jun 2018 (fl, fr), L. Corrales, B. Villanueva, K. Sánchez & H. Díaz 917 (holotype: JBB! [JBB34413]; isotype: TOLI [TOLI26800]).

Hemiepiphytic liana with adventitious roots. Stems sparsely pubescent with simple, uniseriate 4–7-celled, hyaline trichomes 0.4–1.3 mm long, becoming glabrescent with age. Leaves tightly clustered towards the branch tips, 9.2–17.5 cm long, 6.4–8.4 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, sparsely pubescent with a few simple trichomes like those on the stems distributed along the margins and veins on both surfaces, especially on the young growth, glabrescent with age; major veins 3–4 pairs, slightly raised abaxially; base cuneate or obtuse, symmetric or rarely asymmetric; margins entire; apex acuminate to mucronate; petiole 0.8–1.8 cm long, sparsely pubescent with a few simple trichomes like those on the stems, glabrescent with age. Inflorescence axillary, simple, ebracteate, 11.5–17.2(–44) cm long, 1(–3)-flowered, sparsely pubescent with a few simple trichomes like those on the stems; peduncle 1.2–5.7(–32.5) cm long; pedicels 0.5–1.8 cm long, distally winged and thickened. Calyx 3.7–3.8 cm long, 1.7–1.8 cm wide, pale green with purple margins and reticulation along the veins, sparsely pubescent with simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on the stems; tube 0.5–0.7 cm long; lobes flat, 2.4–3.0 cm long, 1.0–1.2 cm wide, short-lanceolate, apically acute. Corolla 12–15 cm long, the inner corolla diameter 3.5–4.0 cm, infundibuliform; tube 8.3–9.5 cm long, with a narrow base 1.4–1.9 cm long, 0.8–0.9 cm wide and a wide distal portion 7.6–7.7 cm long, 3.6–3.8 cm wide, greenish-white with subtle purple veins, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with a few simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the rest of the plant on the tube externally; lobes 3.2–3.8 cm wide, 2.8–3.1 cm long, ovate, greenish-white with bright purple patches within, reflexed at anthesis, the margins revolute, the apex obtuse, glabrous. Stamens 4.1–4.2 cm long, included inside the corolla tube; filaments 3.1–3.4 cm long, adnate at ca. 1.4–1.8 cm from the base of the corolla, white, densely pubescent with simple, uniseriate 4–7(–12)-celled, hyaline trichomes at the insertion point; anthers 1.6–2.1 cm long, 1.4–1.5 mm wide. Ovary 3.7(–5.4) mm long, 6.2–6.3 mm wide, light brown, glabrous; style 5.9–6.5 cm long, cream, sparsely pubescent with simple short 2–4-celled uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.3 mm long; stigma clavate. Fruit ca. 4.4 cm long, ca. 2.9 cm wide, light green, the exocarp 2.1–2.4 mm thick, coriaceous and light yellow when dry; fruiting calyx persistent, accrescent and covering the fruit, enveloping the berry loosely, the lobes to 4–4.5 cm long, 1.3 cm wide. Seeds numerous, 3.3–3.6 mm long, 1.5–1.7 mm wide, ochre yellow when dry, the testa reticulate, the testal cells rectangular in outline, the embryo slightly curved, the cotyledons accumbent, slightly longer than embryo rest, endosperm rather scanty. Chromosome number not known.

(Fig. 2). Doselia galilensis occurs in the western slopes of the eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes and is only known from three localities in the municipality of Arcabuco (Department of Boyacá), the natural reserve “Reinita Cielo Azul” (Department of Santander) and the Parque Natural Regional Bosque de Galilea (Department of Tolima).

Grows in Andean tropical cloud forest from 1,500 to 2,300 m elevation.

(IUCN 2022). Doselia galilensis is considered Data Deficient (DD) due to the small number of known populations. Based on our field observations, the biggest threat to the species is habitat loss due to agricultural expansion near the known localities. The situation has been alarming in the Galilea Forest during the last few years, with several direct threats to forest conservation such as agricultural expansion, unsustainable logging, and oil exploitation activities. Fortunately, the Galilea Forest has been recently declared as a protected area through the Corporación Autónoma Regional del Tolima (“CORTOLIMA” resolution 31 adopted on December 16, 2019). The Arcabuco oak forests in Boyacá do not, however, have any legal protection. It is unclear whether the new species remains in the area based on our unsuccessful attempt to collect D. galilensis in Arcabuco in 2019. The third population recently discovered in Santander is under the protection of the Proaves NGO in the natural reserve “Reinita Cielo Azul”.

Doselia galilensis has been collected in flower in May, June and October and with fruits in June.

The epithet “galilensis” is in honour of the recently created “Parque Natural Regional Bosque de Galilea”, where the type specimen was collected. The Galilea Forest is located between 3°53'36"N, 74°31'51"W and 3°40'32"N, 74°44'20"W in the municipalities of Villarrica and Dolores. We hope that the description of this new Colombian endemic species highlights the importance of the Galilea Forest and stimulates more researchers to explore this beautiful reserve. The Galilea Forest covers more than 26,000 hectares and occupies an elevational range from 1,480 to 3,080 m. It represents a mid-elevation Andean montane forest sandwiched between the lowland tropical rain forest and treeline. Besides the typical Andean cloud forest, the Galilea Forest comprises cushion mire wetlands known as “turberas” and white-sand forests with species adapted to grow in these highly specialised soil conditions (e.g., Utricularia L., Lentibulariaceae). The Galilea Forest is considered a strategic ecosystem for water regulation in the watershed area of the Negro River and the Aco and Lusitania ravines that feed the Hidroprado Dam (Quimbayo-Cardona et al. 2019).

In the area of Arcabuco, Boyacá, D. galilensis is sympatric with Merinthopodium vogelii (Cuatrec.) Castillo & R.E.Schult., a vegetatively similar species of Solandreae. Merinthopodium vogelii differs in having green campanulate corollas with strongly reflexed lobes at anthesis and partially exserted anthers, while D. galilensis has included anthers and to greenish-white, infundibuliform corollas with slightly reflexed lobes that are purple-tinged at anthesis.

Figure 4. 

Doselia galilensis A floriferous branch B branch with clustered and circular foliar scars C flower at anthesis D dissected corolla showing inserted stamens E detail of a stamen F gynoecium with a five-lobed nectariferous disc G fruit with an accrescent calyx H dissected fruit showing placentation (cross-section) I seed (A–I Corrales et al. 917: Drawing by Marcela Morales).

Doselia galilensis can be easily differentiated from other species of Doselia in its glabrescent mature leaf blades where pubescence is sparse and restricted to midveins and margins (Fig. 1; Table 2). Doselia galilensis is morphologically most similar to D. epifita; both species share several characters that are not present in other species of Doselia, such as infundibuliform corollas and included stamens with very short filaments (Fig. 1; Table 2). Unlike D. epifita, D. galilensis is sparsely pubescent, with only a few trichomes along the main veins of the leaves and very few trichomes in other parts of the plant. In contrast, D. epifita has a dense and persistent pubescence covering the entire plant with persistent trichomes on both sides of the leaves. The calyx lobes in D. galilensis are flat and lanceolate compared to the long-triangular undulate calyx lobes in D. epifita. Doselia galilensis has slightly larger corollas with greenish-white tubes and purple-tinged lobes on the abaxial side (Fig. 5C–F) compared to D. epifita with white to purplish corolla tubes with purple lobes on both surfaces (Fig. 1B). Styles are consistently pubescent in D. galilensis along their entire length, while D. epifita has glabrous styles except for a few simple uniseriate trichomes at the very base.

Figure 5. 

Doselia galilensis A habitat in type locality in Galilea forest, Villarrica, Tolima B mid-elevation moist forest habitat in Galilea forest C floriferous branch with a flower D floriferous branch with a dissected and opened corolla showing corolla colouration inside and the inserted stamens E female Euglossa bee visiting the flower F front view of the corolla showing the purple-tinged lobes and the inserted stamens G developing fruit covered by an accrescent calyx (A–G Corrales et al. 917: Photographs by Boris Villanueva).

Colombia. Boyacá: Municipio de Arcabuco, La Cumbre, 2300 m, 22 May 1980 (fl), Pérez 01 (COL). Santander: Municipio de San Vicente de Chucurí, vereda Centro, sector Germania, parte alta, serranía de Los Yariguíes, camino de Lengerke entre Zapatoca y San Vicente de Chucurí, sector Reserva Proaves “Reinita Cielo Azul”, 6°50'46"N, 73°22'38W, 1672 m, 20 Oct 2021 (fl), D. Díaz-Rueda et al. 2272 (JBB). Tolima: Municipio Dolores, Vereda El Carmen, Bosque de Galilea, zona Riachón, cerca de parcela permanente de monitoreo de 1 Ha No 5, 03°40'53.10"N, 74°41'6.56"W, 2122 m, 08 Aug 2019 (fl) Rivera et al. 26 (JBB); Municipio Villarrica, La Colonia, vereda La Colonia, Bosque de Galilea 03°52'20.61"N, 74°33'12.12"W, 2000 m, 10 Jan 2020 (fl), M. F. Valencia & M. Rincón 308 (TOLI).

Based on Markea huilensis A.Orejuela & J.M.Vélez

Figure 6. 

Doselia huilensis A floriferous branch B indument on the leaf blade C indument on young stems D leaf arrangement E flower bud F flower in anthesis G stamens H gynoecium I fruit with sepals removed J fruit in cross section K seed L embryo (A–L A. Orejuela & J.M. Vélez 112: Drawing by Marcela Morales, first published in Orejuela et al. (2014), reproduced with permission).

Hemiepiphytic liana with adventitious roots. Stems densely pubescent with simple, uniseriate (2–) 4–7 (–11)-celled, hyaline to ochre-brown trichomes 0.2–1.8 mm long, with a deciduous apex and a persistent multicellular base giving the surface a tuberculate appearance, stems glabrescent with age. Leaves tightly clustered towards the branch tips, 9.0–16.7 cm long, 4.6–11.7 cm wide, elliptic to broadly elliptic, densely pubescent with simple 4–9-celled uniseriate hyaline to dark olive-brown trichomes 0.3–2 mm long on both surfaces; major veins 4–6 pairs, slightly raised abaxially; base cuneate or obtuse, asymmetric; margins entire to undulate; apex usually acuminate, mucronate; petiole 0.4–3.8 cm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescence sub-axillary, simple to branched, bracteate, 18–50 cm long, ca. 2–7-flowered, surface tuberculate and densely pubescent with trichomes as on the stems; peduncle 8.5–39 cm long; bracts foliaceous and linear, 5–6 cm long, 1–2 cm wide; pedicels 1.5–2 cm long, distally winged and thickened. Calyx ca. 3.3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, dark green with purple margins and reticulate along the veins, pubescent with simple 4–7-celled uniseriate white hyaline to brown trichomes; tube 0.5–0.7 mm long; lobes undulate, 2.7–5.2 cm long, 1.3–1.5 cm wide, lanceolate, apically acuminate with an acumen 0.6–0.9 mm long, green with the main vein and the margins purple-brown, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes on the abaxial side. Corolla 8.5–10 cm long, the inner corolla diameter 4.5–5 cm, tubular-campanulate; tube 6.2–6.7 cm long, scarcely pubescent with trichomes similar to those of the calyx, yellowish green with strong purple-tinged reticulation along major and minor veins both abaxially and adaxially; tube differentiated into a narrow base ca. 0.2 cm long and 0.8–1 cm wide and a wide distal portion 4.2–4.6 cm long, ca. 5 cm wide; lobes 2.3–3.3 cm long, 1.6–1.7 cm wide, oblong, reflexed during anthesis, colour similar to that of the corolla tube, the margins revolute, the apex obtuse, glabrous. Stamens 6.1–6.9 cm long, fully exserted beyond corolla tube; filaments 4.7–5 cm long, adnate at ca. 2 cm from the base of the corolla, purplish, densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes at the insertion point like those on calyx; anthers 1.4–1.9 cm long, 1.3–1.5 mm wide. Ovary ca. 7 mm long, ca. 3.5 mm wide, light yellow, glabrous; style 7.3–8 cm long, cream; stigma clavate. Fruit ca. 4.2 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm wide, dark green, exocarp 2–2.8 mm thick when fresh, coriaceous, black when dry; fruiting calyx persistent, accrescent and covering the fruit, appressed at maturity, the lobes 4–5 cm long, 2.2 cm wide. Seeds numerous, 2.6–3.0 mm long, 1.2–1.4 mm wide, ochre when fresh, dark brown when dry, the testa reticulate, the testal cells rectangular in outline. Chromosome number unknown.

Figure 7. 

Doselia lopezii A branch with clustered leaves and an inflorescence axis B trichomes on leaves C trichomes on the calyx D trichomes at the filament insertion point E flower at anthesis F dissected corolla showing partially exserted stamens G stamen in lateral view H detail of a stamen showing the insertion of the filament I detail of the stigma J fruit with an accrescent calyx with two calyx lobes removed (A–I López Filgueiras 8208: Drawing by Nidia Flury, first published in Hunziker (1985), reproduced with permission, the original drawing was edited by Omar Bernal and the fruit drawn by Humberto Mendoza).

(Fig. 2). Doselia huilensis is known only from the Departments of Huila and Putumayo in southwestern Colombia.

Doselia huilensis is found in preserved or partially altered oak forests from 2,200 to 2,300 m elevation.

IUCN (2022). Doselia huilensis is reaffirmed (following Orejuela et al. 2014) here as an endangered species (EN) according to criteria B1ab [i, iii] based on the small EOO (~750 km²), a small number of known populations, and the highly fragmented condition of the relictual forests where it occurs. The species is known from five collections from three localities. Two of these localities are in the Department of Huila 80 km apart, and one recent collection is known from the Valle del Sibundoy, Department of Putumayo, that extends the species distribution approximately 100 km to the south.

Doselia huilensis differs from all other Doselia species in its tubular-campanulate corollas with fully exserted anthers (Table 2; Fig. 1D). The species is densely pubescent throughout, which is useful in distinguishing it from other Doselia species that are either glabrescent or less densely pubescent (Table 2).

Colombia. Huila: Municipio de La Plata,-vereda Agua Bonita, Finca Meremberg, 2,200–2,300 m, 21 Jul 1975 (fl), Díaz-Piedrahita et al. 793 (COL); Carretera Popayán-La Plata, km 100, Reserva forestal de Fauna y Flora Meremberg, 2,300 m, 12 Dec 1982 (fl), Murcia 09 (COL); Municipio San Agustín, vereda La Castellana, reserva privada Los Yalcones, interfluvio quebrada El Palmar-río Balseros, sitio El Palmar, 1°47´44"N, 76°21´5"W, 2,400–2,600 m, 15–20 Aug 2005, Mendoza & Robles 16548 (FMB). Putumayo: Valle del Sibundoy, Reserva Natural Yumartán, cuenca alta del río Putumayo, por la garganta del Balsayaco, 3 Mar 2021 (fl), Coral 34 (HEAA).

Based on Markea lopezii Hunz.

Hemipiphytic liana with adventitious roots. Stems sparsely pubescent with simple, uniseriate 4–8-celled, hyaline ochre trichomes 0.5–1.2 mm long, with deciduous apex and a persistent multicellular base giving the surface a tuberculate appearance, stems glabrescent with age. Leaves tightly clustered towards the branch tips, (7–)10–22 cm long, 4–9.8 cm wide, elliptic to broadly elliptic, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 4–7-celled hyaline trichomes 0.8–1.2 mm long on both sides; major veins 4–6 pairs, slightly raised abaxially; base cuneate, slightly asymmetric; margins entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole (7–)10–19(–25) mm long, densely pubescent with simple trichomes as on the leaves. Inflorescence axillary, simple, ebracteate, 7–35(–50) cm long, ~2–5-flowered, densely pubescent with simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on stems; peduncle 6–24(–39) cm long; pedicels 0.8–1.7(–3.0) cm long, distally winged and thickened. Calyx 3.8–5.6 cm long, 1.4–1.9 cm wide, green, sometimes tinged with purple, densely pubescent with simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on leaves; tube 8–9 mm long; lobes flat, 3.5–4.4 cm long, 1.2–1.4 cm wide, long-triangular, apically long-acuminate, green or green with purple margins, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes on the abaxial side. Corolla 8–11 cm long, the inner corolla diameter 2.5–2.8 cm, hypocrateriform; tube 7–10 cm long, orange and tinged with purple in the throat internally, glabrous; lobes 3.2–3.9 cm long, 3.7–4.1 cm wide, triangular, orange, spreading to slightly reflexed at anthesis, the margins flat and entire, the apex acute, glabrous or with a few minute trichomes along the veins. Stamens 7–8.6 cm long, partially exserted beyond the mouth of corolla tube; filaments 5.3–6.1 cm long, adnate at 1.0–1.3 cm from the base of the corolla tube, purple-tinged, densely pubescent with simple 6–10-celled uniseriate trichomes at the insertion point; anthers 1.9–2.2 cm long, 1.4–1.8 mm wide. Ovary ca. 7.5 mm long, ca. 2.9 mm wide, yellow, glabrous; style 7.9–8.8 cm long, glabrous; stigma clavate. Fruit 2.7–3.2 cm long, 1.5–3.3 cm wide, light green; fruiting calyx persistent, accrescent and fully covering the fruit, the lobes 3–3.3 cm long, 1.2–1.4 cm wide. Seeds numerous, 2.2–2.7 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide, ochre when fresh, brown when dry, the testa reticulate, the testal cells rectangular in outline. Chromosome number not known.

(Fig. 2). Doselia lopezii is endemic to the pre-montane forests of the Colombian Andes in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Valle del Cauca and Risaralda.

Mid-elevation moist forests from 1,700 to 2,100 m elevation.

(IUCN 2022). Doselia lopezii is classified as vulnerable (VU) according to the B1a criterion with an EOO of ca. 6,000 km². The area where it is distributed is severely fragmented and the species is known from fewer than ten localities..

Doselia lopezii is the type species of the genus and the easiest species to recognise on account of its showy flowers with large orange corollas (Table 2; Fig. 1F, G). Doselia lopezii has anomalous and apparently unique pollen in the genus with prominent spiny supratectal processes (Persson et al. 1994). Preliminary observations in D. huilensis (Orejuela et al. 2014) and specimens of D. epifita examined by Hunziker (1997, as M. lopezii) indicate that the pollen of these two species lack these spiny supratectal processes.

Colombia. Antioquia: Medellín– Puerto Triunfo, Cocorna, ca. 5 km E of Cocorna Peaje, Quebrada El Biadal, 6°N, 75°10´W, 1,830 m, 23 Nov 1983 (fl), Juncosa 1400 (JAUM); Pulperies 6000, Jul 1880 (fl), Kalbreyer 1638 (K, MO). Caldas: Municipio Samaná, corregimiento Florencia, Vereda San Vicente, sector río Claro - Sierra Morena, Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia, 5°31'21"N, 75°3'40"W, 1,840 m, 2 Oct 2012 (fl), Betancur et al. 16698 (COL). Risaralda: Municipio de Pueblo Rico, en cercanías de los límites con el PNN Tatamá, Reserva Santuario-Tatamá, 5°11'03.1"N, 76°01'16.5"W, 1821 m, 18 Mar 2022 (fl), Orejuela et al. 3849 (JBB). Valle del Cauca: Finca Torremolinos, km 22, carretera entre Cali y Buenaventura, cordillera occidental, vertiente occidental, 1,800 m, 13 Oct 1982 (fl), Albert de Escobar et al. 2678 (HUA); km 18, vía Cali–Buenaventura, chemin lateral, 1,920 m, 8 Mar 1997 (fl), Billiet & Jadin 6904 (MO); Estación Microondas Tokio, 8 km W of Queremal (along old road to Buenaventura), 2°27'00"N, 76°45'00"W, 26 Sep 1980 (fl), Croat 50164 (MO); Hoya del río Dígua, Quebrada del San Juan, subiendo a Paragüita desde Queremal, 3°32'09"N, 76°42'42"W, 1,570–1,740 m, 17 Mar 1947 (fl), Cuatrecasas 23830 (F); Hacienda Tokio, wet montane forest behind microwave tower ca. 10 km S of Queremal, 3°30'00"N, 76°42'00"W, 2,000 m, 26 Feb 1983 (fl), Gentry et al. 40820 (MO); La Cumbre, vereda La Sofía, corregimiento de Bitaco, Cerro de Yumbillo, cordillera occidental, vertiente occidental, 1,850 m, 6 Dec 1988 (fl), Klimkiewicz & Cabrera 275 (CUVC); Cuenca del río Cali, cercanías de Peñas Blancas, 3°26'10"N, 76°38'28"W, 10 Jan 1963 (fl), López-Filgueiras 8208 (US); La Cumbre, corregimiento de Bitaco, vereda Chicoral, 3°33'56"N, 76°35'3"W, 2,020 m, 23 Jul 2003 (fl), Mendoza et al. 15275 (FMB); km 18, vía Cali–Buenaventura, vereda Dapa, Finca Zíngara, 1,800 m, 6 Nov 2009 (fl), Orejuela 59 (COL); vía Cali–Dagua, km 23, Reserva Privada El Refugio, 4 Nov 2011 (fl), Orejuela & Calderón-Sáenz 170 (COL); Vía Cali-Dagua, km 23, Reserva Privada El Refugio, 3°32'02"N, 76°36'56"W, 1,870 m, 13 Feb 2014 (fl), Orejuela et al. 727 (COL, JBB).