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Research Article
Two new species in the fern genus Lomariopsis (Lomariopsidaceae) from East Asia
expand article infoYi-Hsuan Wu‡, Chih-Yun Sun‡, Atsushi Ebihara§, Ngan Thi Lu|, Germinal Rouhan#, Li-Yaung Kuo‡
‡ National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
§ Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
¶ Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
# Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

Corresponding author: Li-Yaung Kuo ( lykuo@life.nthu.edu.tw )

Academic editor: Blanca León
© 2021 Yi-Hsuan Wu, Chih-Yun Sun, Atsushi Ebihara, Ngan Thi Lu, Germinal Rouhan, Li-Yaung Kuo.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Wu Y-H, Sun C-Y, Ebihara A, Lu NT, Rouhan G, Kuo L-Y (2021) Two new species in the fern genus Lomariopsis (Lomariopsidaceae) from East Asia. PhytoKeys 187: 161-176. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.77035
Open Access

Abstract

Two East Asian Lomariopsis (Lomariopsidaceae, Polypodiales) species, Lomariopsis moorei and Lomariopsis longini, which were previously misidentified as L. spectabilis, are here described as new species based on evidence from morphological characters and a molecular phylogeny. The two species differ from the three other described species in East Asia by their venation, pinna shapes, and perine morphology. A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of three chloroplast regions (rbcL+ rps4-trnS + trnL-L-F) showed that L. moorei and L. longini each formed a well-supported monophyletic group which was distantly related to both L. spectabilis and the other morphologically similar East Asian species, L. boninensis.

Keywords

Cryptic species, independent gametophyte, Lomariopsis boninensis, Lomariopsis longini, Lomariopsis moorei, Lomariopsis spectabilis, phylogeny, systematics

Introduction

Lomariopsis Fée is the most species rich genus in the fern family Lomariopsidaceae and contains approximately 60 spp., accounting for 85% of the family (PPG I 2016). This genus has a wide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions; there are 15 species in the Neotropics (Moran 2000), nine species in Africa (Roux 2009), 11 species in the islands of the Indian Ocean (Holttum 1939b; Roux 2009; Rakotondrainibe and Jouy 2017), and 12 species in Asia and the Oceanian region (Holttum 1932, 1939a, 1966, 1978). The latest phylogeny of Lomariopsis included 24 species (ca. 40% of the species diversity in Lomariopsis), but only two species from Asia and the Oceanian region have been sampled (Chen et al. 2017) while the vast majority (ca. 10 species) from these areas have not yet been surveyed. In addition, because gametophytes of Lomariopsis species are able to establish as long-lived, asexual colonies in the wild (Watkins and Moran 2019), several species are found as gametophyte-only populations, which is called independent gametophytes (Pinson et al. 2017). In Japan and Taiwan, gametophytes of unknown species have been also reported (Ebihara et al. 2013; Wu et al. in press), a finding which further points out that the efforts of systematics research for Asian Lomariopsis remains inadequate, and there might have been undocumented and cryptic species.

To investigate phylogenetically Lomariopsis from these poorly sampled areas, we sampled most Asian and Oceanian species, including all species in East Asia where two previously unidentified species were discovered. They both had been misidentified as L. spectabilis Mett. One was from Chiayi County in Taiwan and Hainan Island in China, and the other one was from northern Vietnam and west southern China. They are superficially similar to two Asian species, L. boninensis Nakai and L. spectabilis in morphology. In this study, we presented a new Lomariopsis phylogeny supplied with comprehensive East Asian sampling, and reevaluated diagnostic characters leading to the description of these species.

Materials and methods

Perine morphology and spore number in sporangia

Spores were taken from mature sporangia and fixed on double-sided tape, and then gold coated with a sputter-coater for 1–3 min. Spores were subsequently examined with a tabletop SEM (TM 3000; Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan).

To examine the spore number per sporangium, at least five mature, unopened sporangia per specimen were collected. These sporangia were broken individually, and we counted the number of spores inside under a stereomicroscope.

DNA extraction and chloroplast DNA region sequencing

Twenty-nine samples were included in our molecular phylogenetic study. Voucher information is provided in Appendix 1 (i.e., those samples noted with *). Total DNA extraction was done following the modified CTAB protocol of Kuo (2015). Three chloroplast (cp) regions were amplified and sequenced: trnL-L-F (trnL gene + trnL-trnF intergenic spacer), the gene rbcL, and rps4-trnS (rps4 gene + intergenic spacer), which were also used in previous phylogenies of Lomariopsis and Lomariopsidaceae (Rouhan et al. 2007; Li et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2017). The primers used for PCR amplification and sequencing were: FernL 1Ir1 (Li et al. 2010) and f (Taberlet et al. 1991) for trnL-L-F; rps5 (Nadot et al. 1994) and trnS (Souza-Chies et al. 1997) for rps4-trnS; af (Hasebe et al. 1994) and 1379R (Pryer et al. 2001) for rbcL. PCR amplifications were prepared in 15 μL reactions each containing 20 ng of genomic DNA, 1× SuperRed PCR Master Mix RED (TOOLS, Newtaipei City, Taiwan) and 0.5 μM of each primer. A typical amplification program began with one initial denaturation step for 5 min at 94 °C then 35 cycles of 1 min at 94 °C, 30 s at 55 °C, and 1 min at 72 °C followed by a final extension of 10 min at 72 °C and was performed on a SimpliAmp Thermal Cycler. PCR products were cleaned using ExoSAP-IT (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA), and then sequenced with the same PCR primers with an ABI 3730XL (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) by the Genomics BioSci. & Tech. company in Taiwan. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences are listed in Appendix 1.

Phylogenetic analyses

In total, we sampled 35 Lomariopsis species, including African/Malagasy and Neotropical members sequenced in previous studies (Rouhan et al. 2007; Lehtonen and Cárdenas 2019), and representatives from the three remaining Lomariopsidaceae genera (Chen et al. 2017) as outgroups. Importantly, our Lomariopsis sampling covered almost all Asian and Oceanian species (Holttum 1932, 1939a, 1939b, 1978, Moran 2000), including four of which were phylogenetically investigated for the first time. Before this study, three species were known to be distributed in East Asia: L. lineata (C.Presl) Holttum (syn. L. cochinchinensis Fée,), L. chinensis Ching, and L. boninensis. The materials of East Asian “L. spectabilis” belonged to either L. boninensis or one of the two new species described here. Except for L. chinensis, all East Asian species were included in our sampling. Voucher information for all samples is provided in Appendix 1. The sequences were aligned using MUSCLE (Edgar 2004) as implemented in AliView (Larsson 2014). The alignment of every coding gene was further divided into three partitions based on the codon positions. The portions of rps4-trnS IGS (intergenic spacer), trnL gene, and trnL-F IGS were each treated as an independent partition as well. In the phylogenetic analyses, each partition was assigned the appropriate substitution model, which was inferred by ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) and using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC, Schwarz 1978).

We used IQtree 1.6.8 (Nguyen et al. 2015) to infer maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenies with 1,000 standard bootstrap replicates. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using Mr Bayes 3.2.7 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Two simultaneous runs were carried out with four chains (5 × 106 generations each). Each chain was sampled every 1,000 generations. Log likelihoods of MCMC runs were inspected in Tracer 1.6 (Rambaut and Drummond 2013) to confirm their convergence. The first 25% of the generations were conservatively discarded as burn-in.

Results

The combined cpDNA alignment matrix included 3,817 nucleotide sites: rbcL (1,431 bp), rps4-trnS (1,233 bp), and trnL-L-F (1,153 bp) with 27.5% of variable sites. In our phylogeny (Fig. 1), the two new species, L. moorei and L. longini, each formed a monophyletic group, and were genetically distant from L. boninensis, L. spectabilis, and other Asian and Oceanian species. The line drawings of the two new species are provided in Figs 2 and 3, and their morphological comparisons with the two Asian relatives are summarized in Table 1. Perine morphology of the four species is shown in Fig. 4.

Table 1.
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Morphological comparisons of the two new Lomariopsis species with their Asian morphologically similar relatives.

Characters L. moorei L. longini L. boninensis L. spectabilis
Vein apices ending at the laminar margins yes no yes yes
Widest part at upper pinna <1/2 <1/3 <1/2 ~1/2
Stipe scales dark brown, narrowly lanceolate (usually < 2 mm wide) dark brown, broadly lanceolate (usually >3 mm wide) dark brown, broadly lanceolate (usually >2 mm wide) light brown, narrowly lanceolate (usually <2 mm wide)
Fertile pinna pairs 10–14 3–9 4–16 6–14
Swollen ring on articulate at abaxial side, especially upper pinnae (Fig. 6) obvious obvious inconspicuous inconspicuous
Spore perine (Fig. 4) spiny folded spiny cristate
Spore number per sporangium 64 32 64 16 or 32
Figure 1. 

Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on the cpDNA rbcL + rps4-trnS + trnL-L-F dataset. Bootstrap supports (BS) and Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (BI PP) are indicated on each branch as BS/BI PP. The arrows indicate the clades consisting of Asian and Oceanian species.

Taxonomic treatment

Lomariopsis longini L.Y.Kuo & Y.H.Wu, sp. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77234526-1
Figs 2, 5A

Diagnosis

Lomariopsis longini differs from the other similar species, L. spectabilis, L. boninensis, and L. moorei, by its lanceolate upper sterile pinna with the widest portion occurring below the middle of the pinna, and the veins end ca. 0.5 mm before the margins.

Figure 2. 

Illustration of Lomariopsis longini L.Y.Kuo & Y.H.Wu, sp. nov., based on the holotype P.K. Loc et al. 5095 (P00888363).

Type

Vietnam. Ha Tinh. Huong Son District: Son Kim Municipality, Rao Bun stream, 4 May 2004, P.K. Loc 5095 (holotype: P [P00888363]! isotype: MO!).

Description

Rhizomes stramineous, 0.7–1.2 cm in diam., densely scaly; rhizome scales brown (but blackened at point of attachment), lanceolate, ca. 4–9 × 1.5–3.7 mm. Fronds 1-pinnate, leathery, mature laminae pinnate, dimorphic. Sterile fronds 30–60 cm long, stipes stramineous, 10–20 cm, grooved adaxially, base with scattered scales, lateral pinnae 3–9 pairs, lanceolate, widest in the lower third, 7–16 × 1.5–1.7 cm, apex acuminate; pinna bases cuneate and decurrent, margins entire; lateral pinnae articulate to rachis, swollen ring on abaxial articulation, terminal pinna with a similar size as lateral pinnae, not articulate; upper part of rachis narrowly winged; veins free, simple or furcate, oblique, not extended to margin. Fertile laminae similar to sterile laminae but pinnae much contracted; pinnae linear, 10–20 × ca. 0.2 cm, equilateral, stalks 0.5–1.1 cm, pinna rachis articulate. Sori acrostichoid. Spores 32 per sporangium, perine with cristae.

Paratypes

Vietnam. Nghe An Province: 28 Oct 2014, L.B. Zhang, L. Zhang & N.T. Lu 7185 (CDBI, MO, VNMN); Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District, Phong Nha-ke Bang National Park, 7 Dec 2004, S.K. Wu and L.K. Phan WP897 (KUN); 13 Dec 2004, WP1124 (KUN); Quang Tri Province: Dakrong District, Trieu Nguyen Commune, 4 Nov 2009, Y.H. Chang 20091104-005 (TAIF); 2 Nov 2009, C.W. Chen Wade 983 (TAIF); Vinh Phuc Province: Tam Dao District, Tam Dao National Park, 14 Dec 2010, L.Y. Kuo 1862 (TAIF, VNMN). China. Yunnan Province: 25 Aug 2014, Q. Wei WQ243 (KUN); 2 Sep 2011, S.Y. Dong 3597 (IBSC); 28 Mar 1987, W.M. Ju et H.C. Yan Ju and Yan 21930 (IBK).

Distribution

Northern Vietnam, west southern China (Yunnan).

Ecology

In shaded places, understory of evergreen broad leaf forests, below 1,000 m in elevation.

Etymology

The lanceolate shape of the terminal pinnae of sterile leaves is similar to the holy lance, which is also called Lance of Longinus.

Lomariopsis moorei Y.H.Wu & L.Y.Kuo, sp. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77234527-1
Figs 3, 5B, 6A

Diagnosis

Lomariopsis moorei is most similar to L. boninensis, but scales on stipes are narrower (usually < 2 mm) in L. moorei (Fig. 5B) and broader (usually > 2 mm) in L. boninensis. The swollen ring at the region of articulation on the abaxial side (especially upper pinnae) is more obvious in L. moorei (Table 1; Fig. 6A).

Figure 4. 

Spore perine morphology by SEM A Lomariopsis moorei B L. longini C L. boninensis D L. spectabilis. Scale bars: 15 µm.

Figure 3. 

Illustration of Lomariopsis moorei Y.H.Wu & L.Y.Kuo, sp. nov., based on the holotype Y.H. Wu YX052 (TAIF). A fallen fertile pinna is at the left bottom.

Figure 5. 

Stipe scales A Lomariopsis longini (L.Y. Kuo1862, TAIF) B Lomariopsis moorei (Y.H. Wu YX052, TAIF). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 6. 

Articulation of upper pinnae (abaxial surface) to the rachis A Lomariopsis moorei (Y.H. Wu YX052, TAIF) B Lomariopsis boninensis (TNS790636).

Type

Taiwan. Chiayi County: Dapu Township, Zengwen Reservoir, 9 November 2020, Y.H. Wu YX052 (holotype: TAIF! isotype: TAIF!).

Description

Rhizomes rufous, 1.0–1.2 cm in diam., densely scaly; rhizome scales reddish brown (but blackened at point of attachment), narrowly lanceolate, ca. 4–6 × 0.9–2.2 mm. Fronds 1-pinnate, leathery, juvenile sterile laminae simple, shortly stalked, narrowly lanceolate, 20–25 × 1.0–1.5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute; mature lamina pinnate, dimorphic. Sterile fronds 30–50 cm long, stipes green, 10–20 cm, grooved adaxially, base with scattered scales, lateral pinnae 6–14 pairs, 1–5 cm apart, narrowly lanceolate, widest in the proximal half, 14–21 × 1.5–2.2 cm, narrowly cuneate, apex acute, base cuneate and decurrent, margin entire or slightly undulate; lateral pinnae articulate to rachis, swollen ring on abaxial articulation, terminal pinna 16–27 × 1.5–2.2 cm, not articulate; upper part of rachis narrowly winged; veins free, simple or furcate, oblique. Fertile laminae similar to sterile laminae but pinnae much contracted; pinnae linear, 10–20 × ca. 0.3 cm, equilateral, pinna rachis 0.3–0.8 cm wide, rachis articulate. Sori acrostichoid; perine consisting with glandular projections. Spores green (= chlorophyllous) and spiny, 64 per sporangium.

Paratypes

Taiwan. Chiayi County: Dapu Township, Zengwen Reservoir, 9 Nov 2020, Y.H. Wu YX053 (TAIF). China. Hainan Province: Wuzhishan City, Mt. Wuzhi National Nature Reserve, 16 July 2007, Y.S. Chao 1211 (TAIF); Mt. Diaoluo, 27 Feb 2012, W.H. Wu 1062 (TAIF); 21 Nov 2000, G.M. Zhang et D. Li 117 (PE); 14 Dec 2003, S.Y. Dong 1045 (PE).

Distribution

Taiwan (Chiayi County) and China (Hainan Is.).

Ecology

In shaded places, understory of evergreen broadleaf forests, below 1,000m in elevation.

Etymology

The name moorei is dedicated to Dr./Mr. Shann-Jye Moore (1966–2010), an enthusiastic fern taxonomist and knowledgeable pteridologist from Taiwan. The Mr. Shann-Jye Moore Memorial Scholarship has been established by the Taiwan Society of Plant Systematics to commemorate his passions, and to support Taiwanese students studying the systematics of ferns and lycophytes.

Note

We have not yet found entire sporophyll from the type locality, but fallen fertile pinnae on14 Aug 2020 (Fig. 3), which contained intact sporangia with green spores. Although mature sporophytes were found to have a restricted distribution in Taiwan, independent gametophytes of this species were found throughout Taiwan Main Is using a DNA-identification approach to survey gametophyte populations (Wu et al. in press).

Discussion

In previous molecular phylogenies of Lomariopsis, none of Oceanian species were included, and L. lineata and L. spectabilis (including the misidentified L. boninensis and L. longini) were the only Asian species (Rouhan et al. 2007; Li et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2017). Here, with a comprehensive sampling in these areas, the present phylogeny (Fig. 1) provides new insights into the evolutionary relationships and systematics for Lomariopsis species from these areas. In the present tree, the nine Asian/Oceanian species are retrieved into two well-supported clades. The first clade consists of L. boninensis only, while the second clade accommodates the remaining eight species. These Asian and Oceanian clades are either nested within, or closely related to other paleotropical species (Africa and Madagascar), but their inter-clade relationships remain unclear (Fig. 1). Data from additional genetic regions will be necessary to better resolve the uncertainties of these nodes, and hence to confirm biogeographical origin(s) of Asian/Oceanian taxa. Among all six described East Asian species, L. chinensis is the only one missing from the current phylogeny. To the best of our knowledge, this species has only been collected once, as the type collections. Despite the lack of phylogenetic information, L. chinensis is morphologically unique in the genus and easily distinguished from other Lomariopsis species because of its reticulate leaf venation.

Lomariopsis species diversity in Asia and Oceania could still be underestimated, and more undocumented species could be eventually revealed by phylogenetic analyses using multiple specimens in each morphologically-defined species, similar to the case of discovering the two new species here described. Indeed, L. moorei and L. longini, together with L. boninensis, are genetically distant taxa in East Asia even if all three have been long misidentified and confused under a single name of the South East Asian species, L. spectabilis, due to their overall similar morphology (DeVol and Kuo 1975; Tsai and Shieh 1994; Iwatsuki et al. 1995; Yang and Liu 2002; Li et al. 2009; Phan 2010; Xing et al. 2013; Knapp 2014; Chen et al. 2017; Ebihara 2017; TPG 2019). However, clear molecular phylogenetic results spurred us to seek other characters supporting the distinction between these lineages, and these actual species now can be identified based on microscopic characters (Table 1). These characters include perine ornamentation, which has been revealed to have highly diversified forms in Lomariopsis (Rouhan et al. 2007). Additionally, we found that the spore number per sporangium varies among these species, which can also help in distinguishing species. However, unlike most cases in ferns of the Polypodiales, such a reduction in the number of spores in sporangia (e.g., 64 to 32) may not represent a reproductive switch to apomixis for Lomariopsidaceae (Chen et al. 2017). Further cytological investigations, e.g., through flow cytometry to infer both spore vs. leaf genome sizes (Kuo et al. 2017), are necessary to clarify whether changes in the two phenomena (i.e., spore number per sporangium and reproductive mode) are linked in these Lomariopsis species.

Key to Lomariopsis longini, L. moorei, L. spectabilis, and other morphologically close species in East Asia

1 Sterile lateral pinnae with lateral veins spreading (borne at nearly right angles to the pinna rachis), free, occasionally anastomosing L. chinensis
– Sterile lateral pinnae with veins oblique, free 2
2 Sterile lateral pinnae, abruptly narrowed to a caudate apex (2–3 cm long) L. lineata
– Sterile lateral pinnae with acuminate apex 3
3 Sterile lateral pinnae lanceolate, widest in the lower third L. longini
– Sterile lateral pinnae narrowly lanceolate, widest in the middle 4
4 Sterile lateral pinnae with pinna stalks (0.3–0.7 cm long), base equilateral L. spectabilis
– Sterile lateral pinnae with, pinna subsessile, base cuneate and decurrent 5
5 Swollen ring inconspicuous on abaxial articulation (especially upper pinnae), scales on the stipes broadly lanceolate (> 2 mm wide) L. boninensis
– Swollen ring obvious on abaxial articulation side (especially upper pinnae), scales on the stipes narrowly lanceolate (< 2 mm wide) L. moorei

Acknowledgements

We thank Cheng-Wei Chen, Dirk Nikolaus Karger , Yi-Han Chang, Ran Wei, Leon Perrie, Joel Nitta, Jinmei Lu, and Wei-Hsiu Wu for collecting DNA materials for this study; Fay-Wei Li for generating the DNA sequences of Lomariopsis sorbifolia; Alexandria Quinlan for English edits; Robbin Moran, Tom A. Ranker, and Blanca León for the comments on the manuscript revision. The staff in herbaria KUN, P, TAIF, and TNS are gratefully acknowledged for the loan of specimens. The MNHN (Paris, France) gives access to the collections in the framework of the RECOLNAT national Research Infrastructure. This project was supported by MOST project (109-2621-B-007-001-MY3) in Taiwan, the Bioresource Conservation Research Center in College of Life Science from the Higher Education Sprout Project by MOE, Biodiversity Information Fund for Asia project (BIFA6_010), and Mr. Shann-Jye Moore Memorial Scholarship.

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Appendix 1

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Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers. –, sequences not available. *sequences obtained in this study.

Species name Locality Voucher (Herbarium) GenBank accession number
rbcL rps4-trnS trnL-L-F
Cyclopeltis crenata China, Hainan Wu935 (TAIF) OL420736* OL473642* OL473665*
Cyclopeltis novoguineensis Solomon Islands SITW068 (TAIF) KY397974 KY397978 KY397970
Cyclopeltis semicordata Costa Rica CJR et al. 08-195 (DUKE) EF463234 KY397977 KY397969
Dracoglossum plantagineum Guadeloupe Christenhusz 4065 (TUR) KY397975 KC914565 KY397971
Dryopolystichum phaeostigma Solomon Islands SITW10443 (BSIP, TAIF, TNM) KY397972 KY397976 KY397968
Lomariopsis aff. brackenridgei Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo Is. Matsumoto 01-857 (TNS) - - OL473666*
Lomariopsis boninensis Japan, Bonin Is. TNS 763923 (TNS) AB575226 OL473643* OL473667*
Lomariopsis boninensis Japan, Ishigaki Is. Ebihara 2957 (TNS) OL420737* OL473644* OL473668*
Lomariopsis boninensis Taiwan, Orchid Is. CYH20091123_03 (TAIF) OL420738* OL473645* OL473669*
Lomariopsis boninensis Taiwan, Orchid Is. CYH20110918_25 (TAIF) - OL473646* OL473670*
Lomariopsis boninensis Taiwan Kuo 2423 (TAIF) OL420739* OL473647* OL473671*
Lomariopsis boninensis Taiwan Kuo 976 (TAIF) OL420740* OL473648* OL473672*
Lomariopsis brackenridgei Fiji FJ_2011_207 (WELT) OL420741* OL473649* OL473673*
Lomariopsis brackenridgei French Polynesia, Moorea JNG3191 (UC) - - OL473674*
Lomariopsis cf. lineata Unknown Origin F042 (SING) OL420742* AM947063 AM946393
Lomariopsis japurensis Unknown Origin Lehtonen 989 (TUR) MK705752 MK705752 MK705752
Lomariopsis kingii Indonesia, Bacan DK1398 (UC) OL420743* OL473650* OL473675*
Lomariopsis kingii New Guinea DK2800 (UC) OL420744* OL473651* OL473676*
Lomariopsis leptocarpa Micronesia Masuda 6919 (TNS) OL420745* OL473652* OL473677*
Lomariopsis lineata Indonesia, Sulawesi DK925 (UC) OL420746* OL473653* OL473678*
Lomariopsis lineata Philippines Kuo 2052 (TAIF) OL420747* OL473654* OL473679*
Lomariopsis lineata Philippines Wade 3946 (TAIF) - - OL473680*
Lomariopsis novaecaledoniae New Caledonia Nakamura 2157 (TNS) - OL473655* OL473681*
Lomariopsis sorbifolia Guadeloupe Christenhusz 4070 (TUR) EF463236 OL473656* OL473682*
Lomariopsis longini China, Yunnan Dong 3597 (IBSC) OL420748* OL473657* OL473683*
Lomariopsis longini China, Yunnan WQ243 (KUN) OL420749* OL473658* OL473684*
Lomariopsis longini Vietnam Wade983 (TAIF) OL420750* OL473659* OL473685*
Lomariopsis longini Vietnam Zhang et al.7185 KU605187 KU605086 KU605107
Lomariopsis longini Vietnam WP897 (KUN) - - OL473686*
Lomariopsis longini Vietnam WP1124 (KUN) - - OL473687*
Lomariopsis moorei Taiwan YX052 (TAIF) OL420751* OL473660* OL473688*
Lomariopsis moorei China, Hainan HN197 (PE) OL420752* OL473661* OL473689*
Lomariopsis moorei Taiwan Ha 10** - - OL473690*
Lomariopsis moorei China, Hainan Wu 1062 (TAIF) OL420753* OL473662* OL473691*
Lomariopsis spectabilis Indonesia, Java Wade 1100 (TAIF) OL420754* OL473663* OL473692*
Lomariopsis spectabilis Indonesia, Java Wade 1838 (TAIF) OL420755* OL473664* OL473693*
Lomariopsis cordata Madagascar Rakotondrainibe 1771 (P) - - DQ396558
Lomariopsis crassifolia Madagascar Janssen et al. 2527 (P) - - DQ396602
Lomariopsis crassifolia Madagascar Humblot 442 (P) - - DQ396559
Lomariopsis guineensis Sierra Leone Fay & Fay s.n., in 1985 (NY) - - DQ396560
Lomariopsis hederacea Cameroon Raynal 9954 (P) - - DQ396561
Lomariopsis jamaicensis Jamaica Maxon & Killip 1463 (NY) - - DQ396562
Lomariopsis japurensis Ecuador Moran 6021 (NY, QCA, QCNE) - - DQ396566
Lomariopsis japurensis Ecuador Moran 6061 (NY, QCA, QCNE) - - DQ396565
Lomariopsis japurensis Costa Rica Moran 6381(CR, INB, NY) - - DQ396567
Lomariopsis japurensis Bolivia Sundue 708 (LPB, NY, USZ) - - DQ396563
Lomariopsis japurensis Peru Bell 88180 (NY) - - DQ396564
Lomariopsis japurensis Bolivia Jimenez 2016 (LPB, NY) - - DQ396568
Lomariopsis kunzeana Haiti Zanoni 28649 (EHH, NY) - - DQ396570
Lomariopsis kunzeana United States Peck s.n. (NY) - - DQ396569
Lomariopsis latipinna Ecuador Moran 6027 (NY, QCA, QCNE, TUR) - - DQ396571
Lomariopsis lineata Thailand Larsen 45851 (AAU, NY) - - DQ396572
Lomariopsis longicaudata Madagascar Janssen 2493 (P) - - DQ396574
Lomariopsis longicaudata Madagascar Rakotondrainibe 6191 (P) - - DQ396573
Lomariopsis madagascarica Madagascar Kessler 12786 (NY) - - DQ396575
Lomariopsis madagascarica Madagascar Decary 18186 (P) - - DQ396576
Lomariopsis mannii Democratic Republic Of Congo Kassner s.n., in 1914 (P) - - DQ396577
Lomariopsis marginata Brazil Pires et al. 50316 (NY) - - DQ396579
Lomariopsis marginata Brazil Amorim 1920 (CEPEC, NY) - - AY540045
Lomariopsis marginata Brazil Labiak 104 (NY, UPCB) - - DQ396578
Lomariopsis maxonii Costa Rica Moran 4172 (CR, NY, UC) - - DQ396580
Lomariopsis maxonii Costa Rica Smith 1660 (CR, NY, UC) - - DQ396581
Lomariopsis nigropaleata Ecuador Moran 6053 (NY) - - DQ396584
Lomariopsis nigropaleata Bolivia Jimenez 1949 (LPB, NY) - - DQ396583
Lomariopsis palustris Sierra Leone Fay 1124 (NY) - - DQ396585
Lomariopsis pervillei Madagascar Rakotondrainibe et al. 6626 (P) - - DQ396586
Lomariopsis pervillei Madagascar Rakotondrainibe et al. 6623 (P) - - DQ396587
Lomariopsis warneckei Comoros Rakotondrainibe et al. 6707 (P) - - DQ396588
Lomariopsis pollicina Madagascar Kessler 12785 (GOET, NY) - - DQ396589
Lomariopsis prieuriana Venezuela Cortez 475 (NY, VEN) - - DQ396591
Lomariopsis prieuriana Panama Moran 5080 (MO, NY, PMA) - - DQ396590
Lomariopsis recurvata Mexico Rivera 1343 (NY) - - DQ396592
Lomariopsis recurvata Mexico Hernandez 2286 (NY) - - DQ396593
Lomariopsis rossii Liberia Fay 1237 (NY) - - DQ396594
Lomariopsis salicifolia Ecuador Moran 6022 (AAU, NY, QCA, QCNE, TUR) - - DQ396597
Lomariopsis salicifolia Ecuador Moran 6129 (NY, QCA, QCNE) - - DQ396595
Lomariopsis salicifolia Ecuador Moran 6956 (NY, QCA, QCNE) - - DQ396596
Lomariopsis warneckei Madagascar Janssen et al. 2444 (P) - - DQ396601
Lomariopsis warneckei Madagascar Rouhan et al. 318 (P) - - DQ396603
Lomariopsis vestita Costa Rica Moran 6382 (CR, INB, NY, USJ) - - DQ396598
Lomariopsis vestita Costa Rica Folsom 9011 (NY) - - DQ396599
Lomariopsis wrightii Cuba Underwood 948 (NY) - - DQ396600
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