Research Article |
Corresponding author: Yumin Shu ( 804145458@qq.com ) Academic editor: Mark P. Simmons
© 2020 Yonghong Ma, Hanlu Zhou, Yumin Shu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Ma Y, Zhou H, Shu Y (2020) Taxonomic note on Parnassia (Celastraceae): the identity of P. nubicola. PhytoKeys 154: 103-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.54042
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Based on examination of herbarium specimens (including types) and living plants, as well as analysis of protologues and distributions, Parnassia tibetana, P. nubicola subsp. occidentalis, and P. nubicola var. nana are reduced to synonyms of P. nubicola.
Flora Iranica, Himalaya, morphology, revision, staminode
Parnassia
Parnassia nubicola Wall. ex
In this study, herbarium sheets from BJFC, BM, BNU, E, GZU, K, KUN, L, NY, PE, QTPMB, U, and W (herbarium acronyms follow
The typification of Parnassia nubicola has been discussed (
Based on Wall. Cat. n. 1246b collected from Kumaon,
Parnassia nubicola subsp. occidentalis
Our analysis of specimens from herbarium collections, including types of P. nubicola, P. nubicola subsp. occidentalis, and P. nubicola var. nana, suggested that these highly variable characters are continuous, and cannot be used to reliably separate these taxa (Table
Comparison of key morphological characters of Parnassia nubicola, P. nubicola subsp. occidentalis, P. nubicola var. nana, and P. tibetana.
Characters | P. nubicola subsp. nubicola* | P. nubicola subsp. occidentalis** | P. nubicola var. nana** | P. tibetana* |
---|---|---|---|---|
height | 10–40 cm | 15–33 cm | 5–20 cm | 12–20 cm |
basal leave shape and size | ovate or ovate-oblong, 1–9.5 × 0.8–5.2 cm | ovate-oblong or ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 0.7–2 cm | ovate, 1.2–2.5 × 0.8–2.5 cm | ovate-oblong, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.4 cm |
sepal shape and size | ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 × 2–3 mm | ovate-lanceolate, ca. 5 × 3 mm | ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 × 2–3 mm | ovate, ca. 6 × 3 mm |
petal shape and size | ovate, oblong or obovate, 12–16 × 8–10 mm, margins entire, erose or short fimbriate at base | obovate, 12–15 × 5–7 mm, margins subentire | obovate, 12–13 × 7 mm, margins entire or erose at base | obovate or oblong, 8–10 × 5–6 mm, margins erose at base |
staminode shape | 3-lobed shallowly to half its length, apex acute or rounded | 3-lobed shallowly, apex rounded | 3-lobed for 1/4–1/2 its length, apex acute or rounded | 3-lobed for 1/3 its length, apex rounded |
Parnassia tibetana Z.P. Jien ex T.C.
Since no significant differences were found among these four taxa, we propose reducing Parnassia tibetana, P. nubicola subsp. occidentalis, and P. nubicola var. nana to synonyms of P. nubicola.
Staminodes variation of P. tibetana (A), P. nubicola var. nana (B–D) and P. nubicola var. nubicola (E–L). A delineated from s.n. 716 (PE01863973) B–D delineated from Hengduan Exp. 3734 (PE00866288 and PE00866291) E–L delineated from Tibet herbs Exp. 1496 (PE00866275), Plateau Exp. 14709 (PE00866299), s.n. 6550 (PE01982606), and Wang Qiwu 65371 (PE00866286). Scale bars: 1 mm. Illustrated by Shu Yumin.
=Parnassia tibetana Z.P. Jien ex T.C. Ku, 1987: 38. Syn. nov. Type: China. Tibet: 2 August 1959, Exped. Zhufengensis 716 (holotype PE01863973!; isotype N117066161!).
=Parnassia nubicola subsp. occidentalis Schönbeck-Temesy, 1966: 2. Syn. nov. Type: Pakistan. Swat: Utror, 2500 m, 23 August 1962, Rechinger 19590 (holotype W19680016319!; isotype G00388771!).
=Parnassia nubicola var. nana T.C. Ku, 1991: 82. Syn. nov. Type: China. Yunnan: Deqen, 25 August 1987, Hengduanshan Exped. 3734 (holotype PE00866291!; isotypes PE00866288!, PE00866289!, PE00866290!).
Nepal. Gossain-than (Gossain-kund), Wallich Cat. n. 1246a (lectotype W1889-0305721!, designated by
Perennial herbs, glabrous. Rhizome sympodial, robust. Stems 1 to 5, 5–40 cm, with 1 proximal cauline leaf. Basal leaves 3–8; petiole 1–9 cm; blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1–9.5 × 0.8–6 cm, base cordate to subtruncate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Cauline leaf sessile, similar to basal ones but always smaller. Flowers 2.8–3.4 cm in diam., hypanthium campanulate. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–8 × ca. 3 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse. Petals white, sometimes yellow at the base, obovate to ovate, 8–16 × 5–10 mm, base contracted into a short claw, margins entire distally and erose to short-fimbriate proximally, apex rounded. Anthers ellipsoid, 0.8–1.1 mm; filaments ca. 4.5 mm; staminodes flat, 2.5–5 mm, shallowly to deeply 3-lobed, lobes up to half staminode length, apex acute or rounded. Ovary semi-inferior, ovoid; style ca. 2 mm; stigma 3(–4)-lobed. Capsule ovoid, 5–10 mm long, 3(–4) valved. Seeds minute, oblong, ca. 1 mm long.
2n =18 (
July to November.
Margins of thickets, alpine meadows, 2600–4200 m.
China, India, Nepal, and also recorded in Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Pakistan (
Herbarium barcode numbers are cited with herbaria acronyms if available.
China. Tibet, Bomi County: 11 August 2001, Qin Haining et al. 337 (PE); 23 August 1983, Cheng Shuzhi et al. 7062 (PE); 2900 m, 25 August 1975, Anonymous 56 (SM706501104); 3000 m, 20 September 1973, Zhang Jingwei 1485 (PE00866285); 3100 m, 20 September 1973, Tibet Exped. 73-1453 (KUN0437389, KUN0437390, PE00866295, PE00866296); 25 July 1900, Xia Guangcheng 599 (KUN0437701); Chayu County: 3996 m, 29 August 2009, Gin Xiaohua et al. SET-ET 982 (PE); 3400 m, 9 August 1983, Tibet Exped. 1334 (QTPMB38503, QTPMB86235); 3350 m, 13 September 1976, Wu Zhengyi 5833 (KUN0437395, KUN0437398); 3500 m, 13 August 1973, Anonymous 828 (PE01869747); 3900 m, 13 August 1973, Tibet Exped. 73-1070 (KUN0437393, KUN0437394); 4100 m, 23 August 1973, Tibet Exped. 73-1217 (KUN0437391, KUN0437392); Cuona County: 10 September 1975, Tibet Exped. 751933 (PE00866302, QTPMB52545); Jilong County: 3977 m, 28 July 2015, Wei Lai et Hao Jiachen 15338 (BNU0026890); 3544 m, 8 August 2010, Tibet Exped. 348 (PE01877040); Jiacha County: 3500 m, 2 September 1972, Tibet herbs Exped. 4563 (PE01982462, QTPMB33656, QTPMB82672); Lang County: 3239 m, 4 September 2010, Luo Jian et al. L075 (KUN1237749); without date, FLPH Tibet Exped. 12-1138 (PE); Linzhi County: 3060 m, 26 September 2008, Gao Lianming et al. GLM-082000 (KUN1242252); 9 August 1983, Li Bosheng et al. 6375 (PE); 4360 m, 2 August 1975, Tibet Exped. 751124 (QTPMB51742); Longzi County: 10 August 2013, Chen Yousheng et al. 13-0876 (PE01993054, PE01993055, PE01992603); Milin County: 3200 m, 30 July 2016, Wei Lai et He Yi BNUXZ2016491 (BNU0027963); 3250 m, 21 September 1974, Tibet Exped. 74-5338 (KUN0437387, KUN0437388, PE00866281, PE01982463); 3700 m, 16 July 1972, Tibet herbs Exped. 3813 (PE00866276, PE00866277, QTPMB32867, QTPMB82577); Motuo County: 2800 m, 12 August 2010, Jin Xiaohua et al. STET 2646 (PE); 3900 m, 5 September 1982, Li Bosheng et al. 624 (PE00866297, PE00866298, PE01869745, PE01869746); 3700 m, 2 September 1980, Plateau Exped. 14709 (PE00866299, PE00866300); Nielamu County: 3850 m, 17 July 2016, Wei Lai et He Yi BNUXZ2016099 (BNU0027962); 3600 m, 2 August 2012, Mu Xianyun 1174 (BJFC); 3015 m, 3 July 2012, Gao Lianming et al. GLM-123685 (KUN1241906); 17 August 2011, Yu Shengxiang et al. 5620 (PE); 18 August 2011, Yu Shengxiang et al. 5690 (PE); 3970 m, 18 August 2010, Tibet Exped. 1414 (PE01877046); 1 September 1981, Ni Zhicheng et al. 1902 (PE); 3400 m, 26 August 1972, Tibet herbs Exped. 1496 (PE00866274, PE00866275, QTPMB30893, QTPMB80381); 3800 m, 2 September 1972, Tibet herbs Exped. 1735 (PE00866272, PE00866273, QTPMB31233, QTPMB80851); Pulan County: 4500 m, 24 August 1974, Tibet Exped. 4177 (QTPMB40640); Yadong County: 3800 m, 9 August 1975, Anonymous 75-916 (PE00862011, PE00862012, PE00862013); without detailed locality and date, Anonymous 464 (P06392577); without detailed locality and date, Anonymous s.n. (PE00866303); without detailed locality and date, Anonymous 465 (P06392739); without detailed locality and date, Hooker et Thomson s.n. (P06392739); Yunnan, Deqin County: 2900 m, 1 August 1940, Feng Guomei 5992 (KUN0437384, KUN0437385, KUN0437386); 3400 m, 8 November 1937, T.T.Yu 7919 (KUN0437382, PE00866269); Gongshan County: 2800 m, August 1935, Wang Qiwu 65371 (PE00866286, PE 0866287); India. Gangharea: 15 August 1975, Anonymous 6550 (PE01982606); Sikkim: without detailed date, Hooker et Thomson s.n. (P06392774); 22 August 1892, Gammie s.n. (P06392778); without detailed locality, 17 August 1849, Thomson s.n. (K000739475, K000739476, K000739477, U1467473); without detailed locality, 5 October 1849, Thomson s.n. (K000739479, K000739480); without detailed locality and date, Thomson 145 (K000739482); without detailed locality and date, Hooker et Thomson s.n. (P05494790); Nepal. Kumaon: 3765 m, 28 August 1995, F. Miyamoto et al. 9596508 (KUN0579660); without detailed date, Wallich Cat. n. 1246b (K000739481, K001112509, K001112511, P06392575, P06392576); without detailed locality and date, Strachey et Winterbottom 1 (P06392775); Central Asia. Without detailed locality, 14 July 1909, Anonymous s.n. (P06392740).
The authors thank the curators and staff members of BJFC, BNU, BM, E, GZU, K, KUN, L, NY, P, PE, QTPMB, SM, U, and W for welcoming us into their collections or providing images of specimens on their websites for this study. This work was financially supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of China West Normal University (Grant no. 412679).