Latest Articles from PhytoKeys Latest 100 Articles from PhytoKeys https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 12:31:32 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from PhytoKeys https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/ Re-evaluating monotypic Eleutherostylis from New Guinea and the Moluccas and its inclusion in Grewia (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/114105/ PhytoKeys 237: 91-102

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114105

Authors: Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack

Abstract: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence indicate that Eleutherostylis Burret (Malvaceae, Grewioideae), a monotypic genus described from New Guinea, is best considered a synonym of Grewia L., a species-rich genus widespread across the Paleotropics and found in Africa, Arabia, Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. A new combination, based on E. renistipulata Burret, G. renistipulata (Burret) Dorr, comb. nov., is proposed. Original material of the basionym could not be located and a neotype is designated. A lectotype is designated for G. morotaiensis Kosterm., a synonym of G. renistipulata.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jan 2024 11:28:03 +0200
Erica L. (Ericaceae): homonyms amongst published names for African species and proposed replacement names https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110498/ PhytoKeys 236: 157-178

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.236.110498

Authors: E. Charles Nelson, E. G. H. Oliver, Michael D. Pirie

Abstract: In support of ongoing taxonomic work on the large and complex flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae), we document nineteen pairs of homonyms representing currently used illegitimate names. We provide replacements for thirteen names and new typifications for five. We relegate five names to synonymy: Erica aemula Guthrie & Bolus under Erica distorta Bartl.; Erica armata Klotzsch ex Benth. under Erica umbrosa H. A. Baker; Erica capensis T.M. Salter under Erica turbiniflora Salisb.; Erica lanata Andrews under Erica flaccida Link; and Erica tomentosa Salisb. under Erica velutina Bartl. Finally, we suggest conservation of Erica aristata Andrews. The new names are: Erica adelopetala E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica insignis E.G.H. Oliv.; Erica bombycina E.C. Nelson & Pirie replacing Erica niveniana E.G.H. Oliv.; Erica concordia E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica constantia Nois. ex Benth.; Erica didymocarpa E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica rugata E.G.H. Oliv.; Erica galantha E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica perlata Benth.; Erica mallotocalyx E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica flocciflora Benth.; Erica notoporina E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing E. autumnalis L.Bolus; Erica oliveranthus E.C. Nelson & Pirie replacing Erica tenuis Salisb.; Erica oraria E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica spectabilis Klotzsch ex Benth.; Erica oresbia E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica demissa Klotzsch ex Benth.; Erica poculiflora E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica stenantha Klotzsch ex Benth.; Erica rhodella E.C. Nelson & E.G.H. Oliv. replacing Erica rhodantha Guthrie & Bolus; Erica supranubia E.C. Nelson & Pirie replacing Erica praecox Klotzsch.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Dec 2023 16:13:27 +0200
Phylogenomic inference of the African tribe Monodoreae (Annonaceae) and taxonomic revision of Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/103096/ PhytoKeys 233: 1-200

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096

Authors: Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier, Frank M. Mbago, Marie Couderc, Myriam Gaudeul, Aurélie Grall, Caroline Loup, Jan J. Wieringa, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L. P. Couvreur

Abstract: Monodoreae (Annonaceae) is a tribe composed of 11 genera and 90 species restricted to the tropical African rain forests. All the genera are taxonomically well circumscribed except the species rich genera Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis which lack a recent taxonomic revision. Here, we used a robust phylogenomic approach, including all the 90 currently accepted species, with several specimens per species, and based on more than 300 Annonaceae-specific nuclear genes, to infer the phylogenetic tree of the Monodoreae and test the limits between the genera and species. We recover all the genera as monophyletic, except the genus Uvariopsis for which the species Uvariopsis tripetala falls outside this clade. We thus reinstate the monotypic genus Dennettia for its single species Dennettia tripetala. We also erect a new tribe, Ophrypetaleae trib. nov., to accommodate the genera Ophrypetalum and Sanrafaelia, as we recover them excluded from the Monodoreae tribe with good support. Below the genus level, the genera Isolona, Monodora, Uvariastrum, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis show weakly supported nodes and phylogenetic conflicts, suggesting that population level processes of evolution might occur in these clades. Our results also support, at the molecular level, the description of several new species of Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, as well as several new synonymies. Finally, we present a taxonomic revision of the genera Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, which contain one, 18 and 17 species respectively. We provide a key to the 11 genera of the Monodoraeae and describe four new species to science: Uvariodendron kimbozaense Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron mossambicense Robson ex Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendron pilosicarpum Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Uvariopsis oligocarpa Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., and provide provisional descriptions of three putatively new species. We also present lectotypifications and nomenclatural changes implying synonymies and new combinations (Uvariodendron citriodorum (Le Thomas) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum (Verdc.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariopsis congensis var. angustifolia Dagallier & Couvreur, var. nov., Uvariopsis guineensis var. globiflora (Keay) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., and Uvariopsis solheidii var. letestui (Pellegr.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov.).

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Monograph Fri, 22 Sep 2023 08:03:22 +0300
New species of Asclepias (Apocynaceae), Baphia (Leguminosae), Cochlospermum (Bixaceae) and Endostemon (Lamiaceae) from the Kalahari sands of Angola and NW Zambia, with one new combination in Vangueria (Rubiaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/110110/ PhytoKeys 232: 145-166

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.110110

Authors: David J. Goyder, Nina Davies, Manfred Finckh, Amândio Gomes, Francisco Maiato P. Gonçalves, Paulina Meller, Alan J. Paton

Abstract: Four new species are described from central and eastern Angola and adjacent NW Zambia. All occur in Kalahari sand savannas rich in endemic and more widely distributed geoxylic suffrutices. Despite being known from very few collections, the conservation status of one of these new species is assessed as Least Concern, as these grasslands are nutrient-poor, are in remote sparsely populated areas, and are not threatened with conversion to agriculture. The remaining three are treated as Data Deficient. In addition, one new combination is provided for Ancylanthos rubiginosus Desf. under Vangueria as V. rubiginosa (Desf.) Lantz is an illegitimate later homonym. We also make orthographic corrections to specific epithets commemorating Ilse von Nolde, a collector who made important collections from Quela in Malange in the 1930s.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Sep 2023 16:31:27 +0300
Morphology, taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Micrasterias foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs (Desmidiales, Zygnematophyceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/103500/ PhytoKeys 226: 33-51

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500

Authors: Anatoliy Levanets, Sanet Janse van Vuuren

Abstract: Micrasterias foliacea (Desmidiales, Zygnematophyceae) is an interesting desmid species as its filamentous life form is quite different from all other species within the genus. Due to the large size of the filaments and cells, accurate species identification is easy. After its original description from Rhode Island (USA) it was recorded from five continents, but no record could be found of its presence in Europe. In this paper a review of the worldwide distribution of M. foliacea (Desmidiales, Zygnematophyceae) is presented, together with notes on the species’ ecology. In addition to its currently known geographical distribution, the paper also records the species’ presence at two new locations in southern Africa, namely Botswana (Okavango River) and Mozambique (Palma, Cabo Delgado). The paper presents a discussion of taxonomical levels of intraspecific taxa, based on morphological characteristics. It is proposed that the taxonomical status of M. foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs f. nodosa should be raised to the variety, as its nodular cell wall thickenings are unique morphological features.

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Research Article Tue, 9 May 2023 15:27:54 +0300
Nomenclature and typification in Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) from North Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/99356/ PhytoKeys 225: 115-152

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.225.99356

Authors: Hamid Khamar, Jalal El Oualidi, Amina Ouazzani Touhami, Laure Civeyrel

Abstract: The progress of taxonomic work on native Verbascum L. taxa found in Morocco led to a search for reference specimens in various herbaria. This process was extended to the taxa found in the other four countries of North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt), which make up the southern shore of the Mediterranean basin. Numerous names were identified as needing typification or requiring corrections of their earlier lectotypifications in order to stabilize their nomenclature and provide a better definition of each taxon. As a result, lectotypes are now designated for 35 names, a neotype is proposed for V. ballii (Batt.) Hub.-Mor., and second-step lectotypes are proposed for V. faurei subsp. acanthifolium (Pau) Benedí & J.M.Monts. and V. pinnatisectum (Batt.) Benedí. Comments have been added for each typified name. Known isolectotypes are also mentioned whenever possible. Furthermore, some new combinations are proposed in this paper, namely V. longirostre var. antiatlantica (Emb.) Khamar, comb. nov., V. longirostre var. atlantica (Maire) Khamar, comb. nov., and V. longirostre var. hoggarica (Maire) Khamar, comb. nov.

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Research Article Thu, 27 Apr 2023 22:19:09 +0300
Checklist of the diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, with some historical notes https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/98168/ PhytoKeys 224: 101-174

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.224.98168

Authors: Christine Cocquyt, Dirk Verschuren

Abstract: Lake Naivasha is one of only two large freshwater lakes in the Eastern Rift Valley of Kenya, East Africa. Together with its satellite lakes Crescent Island Crater, Oloidien and Sonachi, it comprises a great variety of pelagic and benthic habitats for aquatic biota, and its sediment record represents a unique archive of past climate change and long-term ecosystem dynamics in equatorial East Africa. This is particularly so because local paleoenvironmental reconstructions can be checked against historical data on the composition of aquatic fauna and flora collected in Lake Naivasha since the early 20th century. Some of the most prominent biological proxies for reconstructing past changes in lakes are diatoms (Bacillariophyta), a group of unicellular autotrophic eukaryotes of which the siliceous skeletons (valves) preserve well in lake sediments and are good indicators for, among others, climate-driven changes in salinity. However, diatom taxonomy and species concepts have changed a lot in recent decades, making it sometimes difficult for non-taxonomists to know which species are concerned in different published studies. This paper provides the currently accepted taxonomic names of the 310 specific and infraspecific diatom taxa reported from Lake Naivasha and its satellite lakes to date, together with their synonyms used in literature concerning these lakes as well as other, commonly used synonyms. Further, a short overview is given of the history of diatom research conducted on materials from Lake Naivasha and its satellite lakes. The present checklist may facilitate the identification and interpretation aspects of future diatom studies on the wider Lake Naivasha ecosystem and on other East African lakes that are less well studied.

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Checklist Fri, 7 Apr 2023 17:47:17 +0300
An annotated plant checklist of the transboundary volcanic Mt Elgon, East Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/97401/ PhytoKeys 223: 1-174

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.223.97401

Authors: Peninah Cheptoo Rono, Fredrick Munyao Mutie, Vivian Kathambi, Neng Wei, Benjamin Muema Watuma, Consolata Nanjala, Godfrey Kinyori Wagutu, Paul M. Kirika, Itambo Malombe, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: Mt Elgon is an ancient transboundary volcanic mountain found at the Kenya-Uganda boarder possessing high plant diversity. This study documents an updated checklist of the mountain’s vascular plants obtained through random-walk field excursions and retrieval of herbarium specimen tracing back to 1900. We compiled 1709 species from 673 genera in 131 families. One new species of the family Cucurbitaceae was also reported. This checklist records respective habitat, habits, elevation ranges, voucher numbers and global distribution ranges of each species. Native and exotic species were also distinguished, where 8.4% of the total species in 49 families were exotic species. There were 103 endemic species, while 14 species were found to be both rare and endemic. IUCN conservation status revealed 2 Critically Endangered, 4 Endangered, 9 Vulnerable and 2 Near Threatened species. This study presents the first and most comprehensive plant inventory of Mt Elgon that will facilitate further ecological and phylogenetic studies.

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Checklist Tue, 4 Apr 2023 17:35:58 +0300
Taxonomy and nomenclature of Abutilon albidum (Malvaceae, Malvoideae), a cryptic Saharo-Canarian species recently rediscovered in Tenerife https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/95907/ PhytoKeys 221: 41-60

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.221.95907

Authors: Filip Verloove, Alexander N. Sennikov, J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort

Abstract: Abutilon albidum, a cryptic Saharo-Canarian species, was thought to have been last collected in 1945 in Tenerife by E.R. Sventenius. In 2019, it was rediscovered in the same area. The characteristic features of the Canarian plants are discussed, especially in relation to the morphologically similar-looking and probably closely-related species Abutilon indicum and A. bidentatum. It is concluded that the plants from Tenerife and north-western Africa indeed represent a distinct species. The species is illustrated and a key for the identification of this and related species is presented.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Mar 2023 18:40:24 +0200
Morphological and molecular evidence reject conspecificity of Malagasy and Mascarene Parablechnum (Polypodiopsida, Blechnaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/95125/ PhytoKeys 214: 47-60

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.214.95125

Authors: Sonia Molino, Irene Lafuente, Germinal Rouhan, Rafael Medina

Abstract: Under the current treatment of the Blechnaceae, only one species of the fern genus Parablechnum is recognised in the western Indian Ocean, often referred to as P. marginatum. Two varieties are currently recognised within it: a type variety present in the Mascarene Islands of Réunion and Mauritius and P. marginatum var. humbertii in Madagascar. Recent molecular evidence suggested that these two varieties are not closely related, questioning their conspecific status. To collect further evidence to support a taxonomic decision, we performed a morphological study based on 57 herbarium specimens comparing traits from general morphology, cross section of the fertile pinnae, sporangia and spores. As a result, Malagasy specimens can be distinguished morphologically from the Mascarene ones by pinna apex and pinna section, the presence of sporangiasters and spore ornamentation. Additionally, spore size analyses resulted in statistically significant differences between both varieties. Our results, aligned with the available phylogenetic data, support that these two taxa should be recognised as separate species and, hence, we propose the necessary new combination and provide full descriptions.

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Research Article Fri, 25 Nov 2022 16:00:21 +0200
Flora of Cameroon – Annonaceae Vol 45 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/61432/ PhytoKeys 207: 1-532

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432

Authors: Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Leo-Paul M. J. Dagallier, Francoise Crozier, Jean-Paul Ghogue, Paul H. Hoekstra, Narcisse G. Kamdem, David M. Johnson, Nancy A. Murray, Bonaventure Sonké

Abstract: Annonaceae is a major pantropical family with 113 genera and about 2550 species. Cameroon is one of the most biodiverse countries in Africa but its flora remains incompletely known. In this volume of the Flora of Cameroon, we describe 166 native taxa representing 163 species in 28 native genera within the family Annonaceae. A total of 22 species (about 13%) are endemic to the country. We provide keys to all native genera, species, and infraspecific taxa. For each species a detailed morphological description and a map of its distribution in Cameroon are provided. Distribution maps and diversity analyses are based on a taxonomically verified database of 2073 collections. Across Africa, Cameroon is a center of diversity for Annonaceae harboring one of the highest numbers of species and genera. For example, Cameroon harbors the highest number of African species for the only pantropical genus of Annonaceae, Xylopia. Annonaceae are found across all 10 administrative regions of Cameroon but diversity is concentrated within the tropical rain forest areas situated in the south and South-West. The areas around Bipindi and Mount Cameroon show the highest levels of diversity, but this is correlated with collection effort. Line drawings and/or photographs accompany most species. One species new to science Uvariopsis etugeana Dagallier & Couvreur sp. nov. is described. We also undertake a number of nomenclatural changes such as lectotypifications, six new synonymies and two new combinations (Uvaria anisotricha (Le Thomas) Couvreur, comb. nov.; Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum (Engl.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. nov.).

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Flora Tue, 20 Sep 2022 09:28:33 +0300
The ECAT dataset: expert-validated distribution data of endemic and sub-endemic trees of Central Africa (Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/77379/ PhytoKeys 206: 137-151

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.206.77379

Authors: Wesley Tack, Henry Engledow, Nuno Veríssimo Pereira, Christian Amani, Steven P. Bachman, Patricia Barberá, Henk J. Beentje, Gaël U. D. Bouka, Martin Cheek, Ariane Cosiaux, Gilles Dauby, Petra De Block, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Eberhard Fischer, Roy E. Gereau, Serene Hargreaves, Yvette Harvey-Brown, Davy U. Ikabanga, Edouard Ilunga wa Ilunga, James Kalema, Peris Kamau, Olivier Lachenaud, Quentin Luke, Ithe Mwanga Mwanga, Sydney T. Ndolo Ebika, Jacques Nkengurutse, Aimable Nsanzurwimo, Salvator Ntore, Sophie L. Richards, Reddy Shutsha Ehata, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Marc S. M. Sosef

Abstract: In this data paper, we present a specimen-based occurrence dataset compiled in the framework of the Conservation of Endemic Central African Trees (ECAT) project with the aim of producing global conservation assessments for the IUCN Red List. The project targets all tree species endemic or sub-endemic to the Central African region comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), Rwanda, and Burundi. The dataset contains 6361 plant collection records with occurrences of 8910 specimens from 337 taxa belonging to 153 genera in 52 families. Many of these tree taxa have restricted geographic ranges and are only known from a small number of herbarium specimens. As assessments for such taxa can be compromised by inadequate data, we transcribed and geo-referenced specimen label information to obtain a more accurate and complete locality dataset. All specimen data were manually cleaned and verified by botanical experts, resulting in improved data quality and consistency.

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Data Paper Fri, 16 Sep 2022 16:29:40 +0300
Osodendron gen. nov. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), a new genus of mimosoid legumes of tropical Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/82821/ PhytoKeys 205: 453-470

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.205.82821

Authors: Erik J. M. Koenen

Abstract: The genus Osodendron is here newly described to accommodate three species and one subspecies of African mimosoid legumes. These taxa have previously been included by several authors in Albizia, Cathormion and/or Samanea, but they have been shown to be phylogenetically unrelated to any of these, being instead the sister-group of the recently described Neotropical genus Robrichia, which is similar in vegetative morphology and especially its very similar indumentum, but is decidedly different in pod morphology. A taxonomic treatment of the three species in the genus is presented, with species descriptions, photographs, distribution maps and an identification key. The type species Osodendron altissimum (Hook. f.) E.J.M. Koenen occurs in swamp and riverine rainforest and gallery forests, with the typical subsp. altissimum widespread across tropical Africa, while Osodendron altissimum subsp. busiraensis (G.C.C. Gilbert) E.J.M. Koenen is only known from the Busira river catchment in the western part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Of the other two species, Osodendron dinklagei (Harms) E.J.M. Koenen is a common tree of rainforest and the forest-savannah transition including semi-deciduous and secondary forest as well as gallery forest and is restricted to Upper Guinea and the similar, but vegetatively more variable Osodendron leptophyllum (Harms) E.J.M. Koenen occupies comparable vegetation types in Lower Guinea and extends marginally into the Sudanian and Zambezian savannahs in gallery forest.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Aug 2022 19:00:17 +0300
A new generic circumscription of Hydrochorea (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) with an amphi-Atlantic distribution https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/82775/ PhytoKeys 205: 401-437

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.205.82775

Authors: Marcos Vinicius Batista Soares, Erik Jozef Mathieu Koenen, João Ricardo Vieira Iganci, Marli Pires Morim

Abstract: Hydrochorea and Balizia were established to accommodate four and three species, respectively, that were previously included in different ingoid genera, based primarily on differences in fruit morphology. Both genera have Amazonia as their centre of diversity, extending to Central America and the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Previous phylogenetic evidence showed Balizia to be paraphyletic with respect to Hydrochorea, and species of Hydrochorea and Balizia were placed in a large unresolved polytomy with species of Jupunba. Here we present a new phylogenomic analysis based on 560 exons, from which 686 orthologous alignments were derived for gene tree inference. This analysis confirms a paraphyletic Balizia in relation to Hydrochorea, together with two African species formerly placed in Albizia nested within the clade. Jupunba macradenia was resolved as sister to the clade combining those taxa. However, quartet support is low for several of the branches at the base of the clade combining the genera Jupunba, Balizia and Hydrochorea, suggesting that rapid initial divergence in this group led to extensive incomplete lineage sorting and consequently poor phylogenetic resolution. Because of these phylogenomic complexities, we decided to use morphology as the main guide to consider Hydrochorea as a distinct genus from Jupunba, and Balizia as a new synonym for Hydrochorea. The taxonomic treatment includes the study of collections from various herbaria and fieldwork expeditions. We present a re-circumscribed Hydrochorea accommodating a total of 10 species, including six new combinations, five new synonyms, one new taxonomic status, two corrections of nomenclature category for lectotypes, and a second step lectotype and three new lectotypes. A new species from the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. An identification key for all species of Hydrochorea is presented, together with comments and illustrations.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Aug 2022 19:00:15 +0300
A new phylogeny of Rumex (Polygonaceae) adds evolutionary context to the diversity of reproductive systems present in the genus https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/85256/ PhytoKeys 204: 57-72

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.204.85256

Authors: Kirstie D. Grant, Daniel Koenemann, Janet Mansaray, Aisha Ahmed, Hamid Khamar, Jalal El Oualidi, Janelle M. Burke

Abstract: Rumex is one of about 50 genera in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. The genus comprises about 200 species with bisexual, or more commonly, unisexual flowers, with the species displaying monoecious, dioecious, synoecious (hermaphroditic) or polygamous reproductive systems. Some of the dioecious species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, which is rare amongst angiosperms. We here present a plastid phylogeny of 67 species, representing all four subgenera. For this study, we used three chloroplast markers, rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and dense taxon sampling to reconstruct the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Rumex to date. The reconstructed phylogeny for this work resolves six major clades and one large grade in Rumex subg. Rumex. In addition, the species with known dioecious reproductive systems are resolved within a broader clade we term “the dioecious clade”. These results suggest that the species with divergent reproductive systems are more closely related to each other than to other species comprising the rest of the Rumex genus.

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Research Article Fri, 5 Aug 2022 09:33:30 +0300
Thesium muasyae (Santalaceae), a new species from the limestone fynbos of the Overberg, South Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/80774/ PhytoKeys 201: 1-14

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.201.80774

Authors: Daniel A. Zhigila, A. Muthama Muasya

Abstract: Thesium muasyae, a new species of the family Santalaceae, is described and illustrated. This species has unique morphological and ecological characters, differentiating it from other closely related species of the genus, such as T. karooicum. These characters include plants forming compact shrubs to about 30 cm tall with glabrous surfaces; leaves recurved, to about 4 cm long, terete to triangular, apiculate; flowers placed in lax spikes or borne solitary; and style up to about 2.5 mm long. Ecologically, T. muasyae is endemic to the limestone fynbos in the Overberg, Bredasdorp District, South Africa. Molecular phylogenetic evidence places this species in Subgenus Frisea Section Barbata, as closest sister to T. hispidulum + T. karooicum. A preliminary conservation Red List assessment suggests that T. muasyae is Critically Endangered, based on its population size, area of occupancy and extent of occurrence.

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Research Article Thu, 16 Jun 2022 15:05:20 +0300
Re-establishment of Silene neglecta Ten. (Caryophyllaceae) with taxonomic notes on some related taxa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/81370/ PhytoKeys 195: 143-160

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.195.81370

Authors: Llorenç Sáez, Melilia Mesbah, Javier López-Alvarado, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Ridha El Mokni, Lorenzo Peruzzi, Bengt Oxelman

Abstract: Silene neglecta has been misunderstood and confused with S. nocturna, although several morphological characters (petal shape, calyx indumentum, hairiness of stamen filaments, seed size, seed-coat surface and shape) allow separation of these species. Moreover, S. mutabilis (which has been considered conspecific with S. neglecta) and S. martinolii (an alleged endemic species to south-western Sardinia) are considered here as taxonomic synonyms of S. nocturna and S. neglecta, respectively. These taxonomic conclusions are strongly supported by multivariate morphometric analyses of 21 characters.

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Research Article Wed, 11 May 2022 11:45:11 +0300
A phylogeny of the Triraphideae including Habrochloa and Nematopoa (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/80967/ PhytoKeys 194: 123-133

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.194.80967

Authors: Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Yolanda Herrera Arrieta

Abstract: To investigate the evolutionary relationships among species of the tribe Triraphideae (including two monotypic genera, Habrochloa and Nematopoa), we generated a phylogeny based on DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and four plastid markers (rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rpl32-trnL, and ndhA intron). Habrochloa and Nematopoa form a clade that is sister to Neyraudia and Triraphis. Member of the Triraphideae have paniculate inflorescences, 3-veined, marginally ciliate lemmas, usually with hairy lateral veins, that are apically bifid and awned from between a sinus. A description of the Triraphideae and key to the genera is provided, and the biogeography is discussed, likely originating in Africa.

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Research Article Mon, 18 Apr 2022 12:12:49 +0300
An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Taita Hills, Eastern Arc Mountain https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/73714/ PhytoKeys 191: 1-158

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.191.73714

Authors: Benjamin Muema Watuma, Solomon Kipkoech, David Kimutai Melly, Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau, Peninah Cheptoo Rono, Fredrick Munyao Mutie, Elijah Mbadi Mkala, John Mulinge Nzei, Geoffrey Mwachala, Robert Wahiti Gituru, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: Taita Hills forests are an ecological island within the Tsavo plains and are the northern-most part of the Eastern Arc Mountains in southeast Kenya. They are highly fragmented forests embedded in a mosaic of human settlements and farms on the slopes and hilltops. Despite their intensive degradation, they exhibit a high degree of plant diversity and endemism, and therefore are regarded as a biodiversity hotspot. In spite of their distinct importance to the biodiversity of the region as well as supporting the livelihoods of the surrounding communities, floristic studies in these hills have been finite. Through repetitive floral expeditions, herbarium records from the East African Herbarium (EA), Global Biodiversity Information (GBIF), and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigbio) databases, as well as plant lists from literature and monographs, we provide a comprehensive checklist of 1594 taxa representing 159 families, 709 genera, 1530 species, 39 subspecies, 27 varieties, and 2 hybrids. Out of these, 75 are endemic or near-endemic, 59 are exotic, and 83 are listed as either endangered or near endangered as evaluated in the IUCN Redlist. Zehneria tuberifera G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, a new species to science, which has previously been described, was also discovered from the Ngangao forest fragment. Information on the habit(s), habitat(s), and altitudinal range of each taxon is provided in this study. This checklist is an updated inventory of the vascular plants of the Taita Hills. It confirms the high plant diversity of the hills and provides a clear baseline for strategic conservation and sustainable management of plant resources and diversity under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

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Checklist Tue, 1 Mar 2022 09:57:58 +0200
An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/75321/ PhytoKeys 189: 61-80

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.189.75321

Authors: Délcio Odorico, Enrico Nicosia, Castigo Datizua, Clayton Langa, Raquel Raiva, Joelma Souane, Sofia Nhalungo, Aurélio Banze, Belkiss Caetano, Vânia Nhauando, Hélio Ragú, Mário Machunguene Jr., Jónata Caminho, Leonel Mutemba, Efigénio Matusse, Jo Osborne, Bart Wursten, John Burrows, Silvio Cianciullo, Luca Malatesta, Fabio Attorre

Abstract: An updated checklist of Mozambique’s vascular plants is presented. It was compiled referring to several information sources such as existing literature, relevant online databases and herbaria collections. The checklist includes 7,099 taxa (5,957 species, 605 subspecies, 537 varieties), belonging to 226 families and 1,746 genera. There are 6,804 angiosperms, 257 pteridophytes, and 38 gymnosperms. A total of 6,171 taxa are native to Mozambique, while 602 are introduced and the remaining 326 taxa were considered as uncertain status. The endemism level for Mozambique’s flora was assessed at 9.59%, including 278 strict-endemic taxa and 403 near-endemic. 58.2% of taxa are herbaceous, while shrubs and trees account respectively for 26.5% and 9.2% of the taxa. The checklist also includes ferns (3.6%), lianas (1.7%), subshrubs (0.5%) and cycads (0.3%). Fabaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae are the three most represented families, with 891, 543 and 428 taxa, respectively. The extinction risk of 1,667 taxa is included, with 158 taxa listed as Vulnerable, 119 as Endangered and as 24 Critically Endangered. The geographical distribution, known vernacular names and plants traditional uses are also recorded.

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Checklist Fri, 28 Jan 2022 16:29:44 +0200
Euphorbia mbuinzauensis, a new succulent species in Kenya from the Synadenium group in Euphorbia sect. Monadenium (Euphorbiaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/70285/ PhytoKeys 183: 21-35

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.183.70285

Authors: Neng Wei, Fredrick Munyao Mutie, Geoffrey Mwachala, Olwen M. Grace, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: Euphorbia mbuinzauensis, a succulent new species of the Synadenium group in Euphorbiaceae from Makueni County, Kenya, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it is most similar to E. pseudomollis, but differs mainly by its shrubby habit (up to 4 m), abaxial leaves surfaces with densely stellate hairs, 2–4-forked cymes, smaller bracts (ca. 2.5 × 3.0 mm), smaller cyathia (6 mm wide), crimson glands without narrow smooth margin, smaller fruits (ca. 8 × 7 mm) and ovoid seeds (ca. 1.8 × 2.2 mm). Furthermore, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Synadenium group in Euphorbia sect. Monadenium, based on complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) datasets. This phylogenetic inference also supports it to be a distinct species. The new species is assessed as Endangered using the IUCN criteria.

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Research Article Mon, 11 Oct 2021 16:37:22 +0300
Indigofera wenholdiae (Indigofereae, Fabaceae), a new species from the Western Cape Province, South Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/72170/ PhytoKeys 182: 107-112

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.182.72170

Authors: Brian du Preez, Leanne L. Dreyer, Charles H. Stirton, A. Muthama Muasya, Brian D. Schrire

Abstract: In this study, Indigofera wenholdiae, a new species of Fabaceae from the Agulhas Plain Region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, is described. A composite photographic plate is included along with a distribution map, description of habitat and ecology and proposed IUCN conservation status. Indigofera wenholdiae is unique in the I. brachystachya group by having digitately compound (vs. pinnately compound) leaves, white and unscented flowers (vs. pink and sweetly scented flowers) and grows on sandstone hillsides (vs. coastal limestone plains and outcrops).

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Research Article Fri, 1 Oct 2021 08:00:01 +0300
Description of four new terrestrial diatom species from Luticola and Microcostatus genera from South Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/65326/ PhytoKeys 182: 1-26

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.181.65326

Authors: Mateusz Rybak, Natalia Kochman-Kędziora, Łukasz Peszek

Abstract: The knowledge about terrestrial diatom assemblages in southern Africa is rather limited, despite a long history of diatom research in this area. Terrestrial habitats are places of characteristic diatom floras, dominated by species resistant to desiccation which are able to thrive in conditions of limited water availability. The presented work expands the knowledge about these unique habitats. During the study on terrestrial moss-inhabiting diatoms from Western Cape Province (South Africa), four taxa with a unique set of valve features have been found and described herein as new species, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. These new species are: Luticola microcephala M. Rybak, Peszek & Kochman-Kędziora, sp. nov., Luticola asymmetrica M. Rybak, Kochman-Kędziora & Peszek, sp. nov., Luticola terrestris Kochman-Kędziora, M. Rybak & Peszek, sp. nov. and Microcostatus meridionalis Peszek, M. Rybak & Kochman-Kędziora, sp. nov. Algal community composition had low species richness (9–15 taxa per sample) and samples were dominated by: Humidophila contenta, Nitzschia brevissima and Eunotia aff. pseudominor. The three new Luticola species formed numerous populations, exceeding 10% of the share, whereas Microcostatus meridionalis reached 5.4%. Basic morphological data of associated diatom flora together with detailed micrographs are also provided.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Sep 2021 15:47:43 +0300
Nomenclatural revision of Delphinium subg. Consolida (DC.) Huth (Ranunculaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/67126/ PhytoKeys 180: 81-110

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.180.67126

Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel DuPasquier, Véronique Andro-Durand, Lucas Batory, Wei Wang, Florian Jabbour

Abstract: Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that Aconitella is embedded in Consolida, which in turn is embedded in Delphinium. We choose not to split the genus Delphinium (c. 300 species), as it is horticulturally and pharmaceutically important, by conserving a broad Delphinium by transferring the names from Consolida and Aconitella to Delphinium s.lat., and more precisely in the resurrected D. subg. Consolida. Including 58 species of Aconitella and Consolida within Delphinium causes fewer nomenclatural overall changes than do alternative schemes because most of the species of Aconitella and Consolida were once named under the name Delphinium. We present here the list of synonyms for the species once named under Consolida or Aconitella and gather the information relative to the types of these names. Two new combinations are provided, and 21 lectotypes are designated here.

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Research Article Thu, 5 Aug 2021 13:53:17 +0300
Cyphostemma calcarium, a new species of Vitaceae from the Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/69194/ PhytoKeys 180: 73-80

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.180.69194

Authors: Romer Narindra Rabarijaona, Valisoa Louisicaël Rafaralahy, Charles Rakotovao, Rindra Manasoa Ranaivoson, Bing Liu, Zhi-Duan Chen, Jun Wen, Li-Min Lu

Abstract: Cyphostemma calcarium Rabarij & L.M.Lu, sp. nov., is herein described as a new species found on limestone outcrops in northern Madagascar. Its diagnostic morphological characteristics were compared to the species occurring in the Ankarana Special Reserve. We present detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution map, and a preliminary conservation assessment of the species. An identification key to all known species of Cyphostemma from the Ankarana Special Reserve is also provided.

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Research Article Tue, 3 Aug 2021 16:32:26 +0300
A checklist of vascular plants of Ewe-Adakplame Relic Forest in Benin, West Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/61467/ PhytoKeys 175: 151-174

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.175.61467

Authors: Alfred Houngnon, Aristide C. Adomou, William D. Gosling, Peter A. Adeonipekun

Abstract: Covering 560.14 hectares in the south-east of Benin, the Ewe-Adakplame Relic Forest (EARF) is a micro-refugium that shows insular characteristics within the Dahomey Gap. It is probably one of the last remnants of tropical rain forest that would have survived the late Holocene dry period. Based on intensive field investigations through 25 plots (10 × 50 m size) and matching of herbarium specimens, a checklist of 185 species of vascular plant belonging to 54 families and 142 genera is presented for this forest. In addition to the name for each taxon, we described the life form following Raunkiaer’s definitions, chorology as well as threats to habitat. The Rubiaceae family was the richest (20 species) followed by the Fabaceae (15 species). Life forms showed the preponderance of phanerophytes (88%). The Chorological spectrum was dominated by Guineo-Congolean species (66%). Species richness estimated were 200.52 ± 9.2808 for Bootstrap; 217.62 ± 14.5972; 224.16 ± 15.3725 and 242.67 respectively for Chao, Jacknife1 and Jacknife2. Bootstrap appears to be the estimation closer to the field records. In Benin, EARF is home for Rinorea species described as West African forest bio-indicators and single location for Nesogordonia papaverifera, Mansonia altissima, Englerophytum oblanceolatum, Octolobus spectabilis, Vitex micrantha and most of Drypeteae tribe species (Drypetes aframensis, Drypetes afzelii, Drypetes gilgiana and Drypetes leonensis) recorded in Benin. Our results provides baseline information for further in-depth analysis of vegetation history in Benin by raising the question on the past floristic connection of the Dahomey gap and community engagement in conservation.

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Checklist Mon, 12 Apr 2021 13:21:17 +0300
Three new species of Uvariodendron (Annonaceae) from coastal East Africa in Kenya and Tanzania https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/61630/ PhytoKeys 174: 107-126

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.174.61630

Authors: Léo-Paul M.J. Dagallier, Frank M. Mbago, W.R. Quentin Luke, Thomas L.P. Couvreur

Abstract: East Africa is a hotspot of biodiversity with many endemic plant species. We describe three new species of the genus Uvariodendron (Annonaceae) from the coastal forests of Kenya and Tanzania. Uvariodendron mbagoi Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. is endemic to Tanzania and unique within the genus by its strong bergamot scent and its tomentose fruits having regular tufts of higher hair density. Uvariodendron dzomboense Dagallier, W.R.Q. Luke & Couvreur, sp. nov. is endemic to Dzombo Hill in Kenya and is rendered distinct by its small leaves and very densely pubescent carpels. Uvariodendron schmidtii W.R.Q. Luke, Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. is endemic to Shimba Hills in Kenya and differs by its small flowers and fused sepals forming a ring. Following IUCN criteria we assessed U. mbagoi and U. dzomboense as endangered (EN) while U. schmidtii is assessed as Vulnerable (VU). We also propose a new combination: Polyceratocarpus oligocarpus (Verdc.) Dagallier, comb. nov. The description of these three new species underlines the richness in endemics in East Africa and that new discoveries might arise from further botanical exploration of this region.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Mar 2021 12:40:54 +0200
Phylogeny and historical biogeography analysis support Caucasian and Mediterranean centres of origin of key holoparasitic Orobancheae (Orobanchaceae) lineages https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/62524/ PhytoKeys 174: 165-194

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.174.62524

Authors: Renata Piwowarczyk, Adam C. Schneider, Grzegorz Góralski, Dagmara Kwolek, Magdalena Denysenko-Bennett, Anna Burda, Karolina Ruraż, Andrzej J. Joachimiak, Óscar Sánchez Pedraja

Abstract: The extensive diversity of the tribe Orobancheae, the most species-rich lineage of holoparasitic Orobanchaceae, is concentrated in the Caucasus and Mediterranean regions of the Old World. This extant diversity has inspired hypotheses that these regions are also centres of origin of its key lineages, however the ability to test hypotheses has been limited by a lack of sampling and phylogenetic information about the species, especially in the Caucasus region. First, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships of several poorly known, problematic, or newly described species and host-races of four genera of Orobancheae occurring in the Caucasus region–Cistanche, Phelypaea, Phelipanche and Orobanche–using nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and plastid (trnL–trnF) sequence data. Then we applied a probablistic dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model of historical biogeography across a more inclusive clade of holoparasites, to explicitly test hypotheses of Orobancheae diversification and historical biogeography shifts. In sum, we sampled 548 sequences (including 196 newly generated) from 13 genera, 140 species, and 175 taxa across 44 countries. We find that the Western Asia (particularly the Caucasus) and the Mediterranean are the centre of origin for large clades of holoparasitic Orobancheae within the last 6 million years. In the Caucasus, the centres of diversity are composed both of long-branch taxa and shallow, recently diversified clades, while Orobancheae diversity in the Mediterranean appears to represent mainly recent diversification.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Mar 2021 09:35:14 +0200
Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/59555/ PhytoKeys 174: 13-45

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555

Authors: Samuel Paul Kagame, Andrew W. Gichira, Ling-Yun Chen, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: Lobelioideae, the largest subfamily within Campanulaceae, includes 33 genera and approximately1200 species. It is characterized by resupinate flowers with zygomorphic corollas and connate anthers and is widely distributed across the world. The systematics of Lobelioideae has been quite challenging over the years, with different scholars postulating varying theories. To outline major progress and highlight the existing systematic problems in Lobelioideae, we conducted a literature review on this subfamily. Additionally, we conducted phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses for Lobelioideae using plastids and internal transcribed spacer regions. We found that former studies have reached agreement on the southern African origin of Lobelioideae, herbaceous habit and Asian origin of giant lobelioids, the convergent evolution of giant rosette lobelioids, and lastly, the multiple cosmopolitan and independent radiation of lobelioids in Africa, Pacific Basin, and the Hawaiian Islands. Also, Apetahia Baill., Sclerotheca A.DC., and Cyanea Gaudich. are paraphyletic, while Lobelia L., Pratia Gaudich., Centropogon C.Presl, Siphocampylus Pohl, and Isotoma Lindl. are polyphyletic. The taxonomy of these genera, especially Lobelia, is particularly quite frustrating. This calls for further reappraisals using both morphological and molecular data.

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Research Article Fri, 5 Mar 2021 16:47:13 +0200
Evolutionary relationships, biogeography and morphological characters of Glinus (Molluginaceae), with special emphasis on the genus composition in Sub-Saharan Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/60898/ PhytoKeys 173: 1-92

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.173.60898

Authors: Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander Sennikov, Marie Claire Veranso-Libalah, Maria Kushunina, Maya V. Nilova, Roger Heath, Alison Heath, Yuri Mazei, Maxim A. Zaika

Abstract: Glinus is a small genus of Molluginaceae with 8–10 species mostly distributed in the tropics of the World. Its composition and evolutionary relationships were poorly studied. A new molecular phylogeny constructed here using nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL, trnK-matK) markers confirmed the monophyly of the genus. Based on ITS analysis, the following well-supported lineages are present within Glinus: the G. bainesii lineage is recovered as sister to the remainder of the genus followed by G. oppositifolius. Three other clades are: G. hirtus with G. orygioides; G. radiatus and G. lotoides; the latter is represented by a sample from North America, and G. zambesiacus as sister to G. setiflorus + G. lotoides + G. dictamnoides. On the plastid gene tree, G. bainesii + G. oppositifolius form a sister clade to all other Glinus species. The next clade is formed by G. hirtus and G. orygioides followed by G. radiatus plus an American sample of G. lotoides. The next branch comprises G. setiflorus as sister to G. zambesiacus + G. lotoides + G. dictamnoides. Glinus seems to have originated from Africa around the Late Eocene or Early Miocene, with further radiations to Australia and the Americas during the Late Miocene or Late Pliocene. Compared with the previous limited character set used for the diagnostics, we have found ten new morphological and carpological traits distinguishing Glinus members. In both trees based on nuclear and plastid datasets, the major phylogenetic clades cannot be characterized by the peculiar morphological characters. Many shared character states leading to their contrasting pattern in the multivariate analysis model are interpreted as a high homoplasy in the phylogenetically distant species. We paid special attention to the composition of the genus in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region with the greatest species diversity. Our results provide new insight into the taxonomy of Glinus in this region. Glinus lotoides var. virens accepted in many previous works is a synonym of G. dictamnoides that is closely related to G. lotoides based on molecular analysis and morphological characters. The status of the American populations of G. lotoides needs further investigation due to different characters of the specimens from the Old and the New World. Many specimens previously identified as G. lotoides var. virens and as the intermediates G. lotoides × G. oppositifolius belong to G. zambesiacus sp. nov. and G. hirtus comb. nov. (≡ Mollugo hirta); the latter species is resurrected from synonymy after 200 years of unacceptance. In some African treatments, G. hirtus was known under the invalidly published name G. dahomensis. Glinus zambesiacus is distributed in the southern and eastern parts of tropical Africa, and G. hirtus previously assumed to be endemic to West Africa is indeed a species with a wide distribution across the tropical part of the continent. Glinus microphyllus previously accepted as endemic to West Tropical Africa together with other new synonyms (G. oppositifolius var. lanatus, G. herniarioides, Wycliffea rotundifolia) is considered here as G. oppositifolius var. keenanii comb. nov. (≡ Mollugo hirta var. keenanii), a variety found across the entire distribution of G. oppositifolius (Australia, Asia, and Africa). The presence of the American G. radiatus in Africa is not confirmed, and all records of this species belong to G. hirtus. The lectotypes of some names (G. dictamnoides, G. herniarioides, Mollugo hirta, M. setiflora, Pharnaceum pentagynum, Wycliffea) as well as a neotype of G. trianthemoides are designated. A new key to the identification of all Glinus species in Sub-Saharan Africa is provided. A checklist is given of all accepted species in this region (G. bainesii, G. hirtus, G. lotoides, G. oppositifolius s.l., G. setiflorus, and G. zambesiacus) with their nomenclature, morphological description and geographical distribution.

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Monograph Mon, 22 Feb 2021 10:26:59 +0200
Electronic identification keys for species with cryptic morphological characters: a feasibility study using some Thesium species https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/53484/ PhytoKeys 172: 97-119

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.172.53484

Authors: Natasha Lombard, Margaretha Marianne Le Roux, Ben-Erik van Wyk

Abstract: The popularity of electronic identification keys for species identification has increased with the rapid technological advancements of the 21st century. Although electronic identification keys have several advantages over conventional textual identification keys and work well for charismatic species with large and clear morphological characters, they appear to be less feasible and less effective for species with cryptic morphology (i.e. small, obscure, variable characters and/or complicated structures associated with terminology that is difficult to interpret). This is largely due to the difficulty in presenting and illustrating cryptic morphological characters unambiguously. When taking into account that enigmatic species with cryptic morphology are often taxonomically problematic and therefore likely exacerbate the taxonomic impediment, it is clear that species groups with cryptic morphology (and all the disciplines dependent on their correct identification) could greatly benefit from a user-friendly identification tool, which clearly illustrates cryptic characters. To this end, the aim of this study was to investigate and develop best practices for the unambiguous presentation of cryptic morphological characters using a pilot interactive photographic identification key for the taxonomically difficult plant genus Thesium (Santalaceae), as well as to determine its feasibility. The project consisted of three stages: (1) software platform selection, (2) key construction and (3) key evaluation. The proposed identification key was produced with Xper3 software and can be accessed at http://www.xper3.fr/xper3GeneratedFiles/publish/identification/1330098581747548637/mkey.html. Methodologies relating to amongst others, character selection and delineation, visual and textual descriptions, key construction, character coding and key evaluation are discussed in detail. Seventeen best practices identified during this study are subsequently suggested for future electronic key compilation of species with cryptic morphology. This study indicates that electronic identification keys can be feasible and effective aids for the identification of species with cryptic morphological characters when the suggested best practices are followed.

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Research Article Tue, 16 Feb 2021 13:06:22 +0200
Hydrostachys flabellifera (Hydrostachyaceae), a new species from Madagascar https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/58538/ PhytoKeys 167: 45-56

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.167.58538

Authors: Zhun Xu, Jing Tian, Solo Hery Jean Victor Rapanarivo, Rokiman Letsara, Rivontsoa A. Rakotonasolo, Guy E. Onjalalaina, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: Hydrostachys flabellifera, a new species of Hydrostachyaceae found in a stream in Manandriana, Madagascar, is described and illustrated herein. It is similar to H. verruculosa and H. laciniata in morphology, but can be distinguished from them by its leaves with sparsely arranged, flabelliform and palmately parted emergences, obvious rachis and the pattern of segments arranged on the male bracts. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset provides a robust support for it as a new species as well.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Nov 2020 12:59:57 +0200
Zehneria grandibracteata (Cucurbitaceae), an overlooked new species from western Kenyan forests https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/57399/ PhytoKeys 165: 85-98

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.165.57399

Authors: Neng Wei, Zhi-Xiang Zhong, David Kimutai Melly, Solomon Kipkoech, Benjamin Muema Watuma, Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau, Peris Kamau, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: Zehneria grandibracteata, a new species of Cucurbitaceae from western Kenya, is described here, based on morphological and molecular data. It has long been misidentified as the widely-distributed species Z. scabra. However, it differs by its ovate leafy probract at the base of the inflorescences, subglabrous condition of the entire plant, shorter receptacle-tube and filaments, as well as denser and sessile inflorescences. Furthermore, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Zehneria, based on nrITS sequences, further supports the argument that Z. grandibracteata should be segregated from Z. scabra.

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Research Article Wed, 28 Oct 2020 11:28:14 +0200
New records and key to Poa (Pooideae, Poaceae) from the Flora of Southern Africa region and notes on taxa including a diclinous breeding system in Poa binata https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/55948/ PhytoKeys 165: 27-50

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.165.55948

Authors: Robert J. Soreng, Steven P. Sylvester, Mitsy D.P.V. Sylvester, Vincent Ralph Clark

Abstract: Four species of Poa L. are newly reported for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa, Poa compressa L., P. iconia Azn., P. infirma Kunth and P. nemoralis L. This is the first report of P. iconia from Africa. Vouchers at PRE of P. bulbosa L. all belong to var. vivipara Koeler, those of P. iconia belong to var. iconia and the one of P. trivialis L. belongs to var. trivialis. Two subspecies are recognised in P. pratensis L.: subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) H.Lindb. and subsp. pratensis. We also designate a lectotype for P. iconia and second-step lectotype for P. leptoclada Hochst. ex A.Rich. and report the first recording of a diclinous breeding system in P. binata Nees. Our account updates the treatment in Identification Guide to Southern African Grasses (Fish et al. 2015) including a key to the taxa and notes on infrageneric taxonomy, DNA subtypes, ecology, chromosome numbers and breeding systems.

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Research Article Wed, 28 Oct 2020 10:14:47 +0200
Revisiting the taxonomy of Dioclea and related genera (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), with new generic circumscriptions https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/55441/ PhytoKeys 164: 67-114

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441

Authors: Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz, Cristiane Snak

Abstract: The Dioclea clade comprises four genera and aproximately 60 species of the tribe Diocleae: Cleobulia (4 species), Cymbosema (1), Dioclea (ca. 50), Luzonia (1) and Macropsychanthus (3–4). Dioclea has been demonstrated to be a non-monophyletic genus, but low sampling in previous phylogenetic studies hampered the adoption of new taxonomic arrangements. We carried out densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Dioclea clade using molecular markers that had performed well in previous studies: the ITS and ETS nuclear ribosomal regions and the plastid trnK/matK. Our results support the maintenance of the genera Cleobulia and Cymbosema with their current circumscriptions, but confirmed the polyphyly of Dioclea, with its species falling into three different positions: (1) the puzzling species, Dioclea paniculata, was highly supported as a member of the Galactia clade; (2) Dioclea subg. Dioclea appeared as sister to a clade composed of Cleobulia and Cymbosema; and (3) the species of Dioclea subgenera Pachylobium and Platylobium composed a paraphyletic grade nesting the genera Luzonia and Macropsychanthus. We thus propose that the circumscription of Dioclea should be restricted to Dioclea subg. Dioclea, with 13 species and that the limits of Macropsychanthus should be widened to include the genus Luzonia, as well as the Dioclea subgenera Pachylobium and Platylobium, with 46 species. Taxonomic summaries, new combinations and synonyms are presented for all genera of the Dioclea clade. Cleobulia and Cymbosema were retained in their original circumscriptions. We presented an illustrated taxonomic conspectus of all genera of the Dioclea clade including 44 new combinations, one new name, ten new synonyms, two re-established holotypes, 38 lectotypes, two epitypes and one neotype.

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Research Article Wed, 21 Oct 2020 09:05:13 +0300
Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/55550/ PhytoKeys 162: 45-69

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550

Authors: Steven P. Sylvester, Robert J. Soreng, Mitsy D. P. V. Sylvester, Vincent Ralph Clark

Abstract: We present taxonomic notes on the Festuca caprina complex from southern Africa that includes description and illustration of the new species F. drakensbergensis from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism of South Africa and Lesotho. Festuca drakensbergensis can be differentiated from F. caprina s.l. by forming lax short tufts with extravaginally-branching tillers and lateral-tending cataphyllous shoots or rhizomes present, basal foliage reaching < ½ the length of the culms, with generally shorter leaves and shorter anthers, 0.8−1.6(−1.8) mm long. The species also differs from the overlooked species F. exaristata – currently known from two collections from Lesotho − by its fibrous basal sheaths, usually sharp, keel-like leaf blade midrib, drooping panicle with lightly to densely scabrous pendent panicle branches, longer lemmas, 4.5−5.8 mm long, with awns usually present, 0.5–3 mm long, ovary apices sparsely to densely hairy and anthers 0.8−1.6(−1.8) mm long. Taxonomic notes on the different taxa of the F. caprina complex in southern Africa are also provided, including images, key, and lectotypification of F. caprina var. curvula. This research adds a further two endemic species (F. drakensbergensis and F. exaristata) and two endemic varieties (F. caprina var. irrasa and F. caprina var. macra) to the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism.

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Research Article Wed, 7 Oct 2020 11:39:36 +0300
Distribution pattern and habitat preference for Lobelia species (Campanulaceae) in five countries of East Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/54341/ PhytoKeys 159: 45-60

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.159.54341

Authors: John K. Muchuku, Andrew W. Gichira, Shu-Ying Zhao, Jin-Ming Chen, Ling-Yun Chen, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: East Africa is one of the centres of distribution and diversity for Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae, sub-family Lobelioideae). Lobelia habitats in East Africa have been facing habitat fragmentation and loss, which are recognised as a major threat to biodiversity. However, previous plant conservation studies in East Africa only focused on protected areas and ignored unprotected areas. Future conservation strategies of plants, such as Lobelia, will depend on knowledge of their distribution patterns and habitat preference in East Africa. To understand the distribution pattern and the habitat preference of Lobelia in five countries (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi) of East Africa, we conducted a literature review in the seven major vegetation regions (afro-alpine, afro-montane forest, drier savannah, grasslands, wetter savannah, Zambezian woodland and semi-desert and desert). We also employed meander and patterned searches, which allowed greater opportunities for recording Lobelia species. Our results showed that the genus is distributed in all of the seven regions of the five countries with 54 taxa. The afro-montane forest region, with 41 taxa, is the richest in species diversity, followed by the Zambezian woodland region with 18 taxa. The semi-desert and desert region has the lowest number with only four taxa. The afro-alpine region has 15 taxa, although the region is the smallest by area. The herbaceous type was found in all regions, while the giant type has a clear preference for the afro-alpine and afro-montane forest regions. Future conservation for Lobelia should consider its habitat preference by, for example, focusing on the afro-alpine and afro-montane forest regions. This study will facilitate the setting of future conservation strategies for Lobelia.

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Research Article Fri, 4 Sep 2020 13:33:17 +0300
Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/51500/ PhytoKeys 159: 1-34

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500

Authors: Frida Eggens, Farzaneh Jafari, Mikael Thollesson, Simon Crameri, Shahin Zarre, Bengt Oxelman

Abstract: A putatively monophyletic group of annual Silene species is revised taxonomically and described as the new section S. sect. Arenosae. The species of this section were previously treated as a part of a widely circumscribed and polyphyletic S. sect. Rigidulae. Silene sect. Arenosae as circumscribed here consists of nine species. Members of the section show a predominantly E Mediterranean to SW Asian distribution pattern from Turkey southward to Egypt and eastward to Iran and Pakistan, although most of the species have a limited distribution range. The species of S. sect. Arenosae are characterized by narrowly lanceolate calyx teeth, which are often highly polymorphic, and lanceolate to oblanceolate (non-spathulate) basal leaves. The provided taxonomic revision is based on morphological characters and supported by phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear loci (nrITS and an intron of the RPB2 gene) and one chloroplast locus (the intron of the rps16 gene). The species descriptions are formalized using a novel implementation of the Prometheus Description Model.

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Research Article Fri, 4 Sep 2020 11:40:24 +0300
An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of South and North Nandi Forests, Kenya https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/51966/ PhytoKeys 155: 87-139

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.155.51966

Authors: David Kimutai Melly, Solomon Kipkoech, Benjamin Watuma Muema, Peris Kamau, Itambo Malombe, Guangwan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: We compiled a checklist of the flora of South and North Nandi forests based on literature, online databases, herbarium collections and floristic field surveys. A combination of general walk-over surveys and plotless landscape sampling for plant collection and sight observation was used. We recorded 628 plant species representing 118 families and 392 genera, which almost double the latest results of the previous most recent survey. We found 61 species of ferns and fern allies and 567 species of seed plants, representing 9.98% of the total plant species in Kenya. Herbs were the majority (50.2%) of life forms followed by shrubs (16.5%). We report unique populations of three species out of 19 species that are widespread in Africa, but restricted to Nandi and Kakamega Forests in Kenya. Four of the recorded species are threatened globally and 16 exotic plant species were found. The recent description of one new species and two new records for Kenya from these forests, together with the comprehensive checklist is of crucial importance to the conservation of these unique ecosystems. Our results are essential to forest managers, community forest associations, conservationists, students and research scientists in Kenya and globally for implementing critical decisions for the conservation of this vital biodiversity resource.

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Checklist Fri, 7 Aug 2020 10:44:28 +0300
How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/50735/ PhytoKeys 153: 85-110

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735

Authors: Jarosław Proćków, Anna Faltyn-Parzymska, Paweł Jarzembowski, Małgorzata Proćków, Anna Jakubska-Busse

Abstract: Many herbarium sets in Europe are still being catalogued and it is likely that many old-type collections are yet to be discovered. This research has the potential to facilitate the study of the biodiversity of many regions, especially regions for which collections are extremely scarce. This has been confirmed by a case study using Juncus (Juncaceae) examining the turbulent history of botanical collections at the WRSL herbarium and the evaluation of its importance to the study of taxonomy and biodiversity since 1821. The analysis revealed that the WRSL collection is rich in types (ca. 3.6%) and we identified 76 (of 78) new, historically and nomenclaturally important specimens (types, original material and so-called “topotypes”). Some of these type specimens represent duplicates of these that were stored in Berlin and destroyed during World War II. Many of the type specimens are from the United States of America, South Africa, India, and Canada. The largest number of Juncus type specimens stored at WRSL originate from South Africa (42.3% of all type specimens), even though Juncus is rare in Africa. Our study highlights that uncatalogued old collections that are under-explored and under-exploited have the potential to facilitate the discovery of specimens important for the study of biodiversity, conservation, taxonomy and nomenclature.

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Data Paper Thu, 16 Jul 2020 13:14:57 +0300
An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/48042/ PhytoKeys 149: 1-88

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.149.48042

Authors: Solomon Kipkoech, David Kimutai Melly, Benjamin Watuma Muema, Neng Wei, Peris Kamau, Paul Muigai Kirika, Qingfeng Wang, Guangwan Hu

Abstract: The Aberdare Ranges Forest, located in the Central highlands of Kenya, is an isolated volcanic mountain in the East African Rift Valley with unique flora. Despite its refugial importance to rare and endemic plant species, the diversity of plants in the Aberdare Ranges Forest remains poorly understood. The checklist presented here is a collation of data obtained from multiple floristic surveys and from herbarium specimen collections from the forest. A total of 1260 vascular plants taxa representing 136 families, 613 genera, 67 subspecies and 63 varieties are documented. The ferns comprised 84 species, lycophytes seven, gymnosperms six and angiosperms were 1163 taxa. This represents 17.9% of the Kenyan taxa, 1.7% of the African taxa and 0.3% of all the vascular plants known in the world. A total of 18 taxa were endemic and 14 taxa were found to be threatened globally. The life form, voucher specimen(s), habitat and distribution range of each taxon and a brief analysis of taxa diversity is presented in this checklist. This is the first comprehensive inventory of vascular plants in the entire Aberdare Ranges, providing a solid basis for more sustainable management and improved conservation of this montane forest. The checklist is also an important contribution to the world checklist of plants required by the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

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Checklist Wed, 3 Jun 2020 13:37:52 +0300
An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/49602/ PhytoKeys 147: 1-191

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602

Authors: Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau, Quentin Luke, Mwadime Nyange, Vincent Okelo Wanga, Benjamin Muema Watuma, Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni, Jacinta Ndunge Munyao, Millicent Akinyi Oulo, Elijah Mbandi Mkala, Solomon Kipkoech, Malombe Itambo, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang

Abstract: The inadequacy of information impedes society’s competence to find out the cause or degree of a problem or even to avoid further losses in an ecosystem. It becomes even harder to identify all the biological resources at risk because there is no exhaustive inventory of either fauna or flora of a particular region. Coastal forests of Kenya are located in the southeast part of Kenya and are distributed mainly in four counties: Kwale, Kilifi, Lamu, and Tana River County. They are a stretch of fragmented forests ca. 30−120 km away from the Indian Ocean, and they have existed for millions of years. Diversity of both fauna and flora is very high in these relicts and the coastal forests of Eastern Africa, extending along the coast from Somalia through Kenya and Tanzania to Mozambique, are ranked among the priority biodiversity hotspot in the world. In spite of the high plant species richness and their importance towards supporting the livelihoods of the communities that live around them, floristic studies in these forests have remained poorly investigated. Hence, based on numerous field investigations, plant lists from published monograph/literature, and data from BRAHMS (Botanical Records and Herbarium Management System) database at East African herbarium (EA), we present a detailed checklist of vascular plants recorded in this region. Our results show that Kenyan coastal forests play an essential role in the flora of Kenya and the plant diversity of the coastal forests of East Africa. The checklist represents 176 families, 981 genera, 2489 species, 100 infraspecific taxa, 90 endemic plants species, 72 exotic species, and 120 species that are included in the current IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as species of major concern. We also discovered three new species to the world from these relicts. Thus, Kenyan coastal forests present a remarkable and significant center of plant diversity.

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Checklist Tue, 12 May 2020 10:36:57 +0300
Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/49257/ PhytoKeys 145: 93-129

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257

Authors: Jonathan Timberlake, Petra Ballings, João de Deus Vidal Jr., Bart Wursten, Mark Hyde, Anthony Mapaura, Susan Childes, Meg Coates Palgrave, Vincent Ralph Clark

Abstract: The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with 1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions). There is a high proportion of Orchidaceae and Pteridophyta, with both groups showing a higher richness than for adjacent montane areas, which may be due to the massif’s relatively high moisture levels as a result of frequent cloud cover. However, in contrast to other mesic montane regions in southern Africa, there are relatively few near-endemic or range-restricted taxa: there is only one local endemic, Aeranthes africana, an epiphytic forest orchid. This is likely to be an effect of the massif having limited natural grassland compared to forest, the former being the most endemic-rich habitat in southern African mountains outside of the Fynbos Biome. Six other near-endemic taxa with limited distribution in this portion of the Manica Highlands are highlighted. The high number of invasive species is probably a result of diverse human activities in the area. The main species of concern are Acacia melanoxylon, a tree that is invading grassland and previously cultivated land, the forest herb Hedychium gardnerianum which in places is transforming forest understorey with an adverse effect on some forest birds, and the woody herb Vernonanthura polyanthes which invades cleared forest areas after fire. Future botanical work in the massif should focus on a more detailed exploration of the poorly known Serra Vumba on the Mozambican side and on the drier western slopes. This will allow for a more detailed analysis of patterns of endemism across the Manica Highlands.

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Research Article Fri, 10 Apr 2020 10:54:07 +0300
A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/48365/ PhytoKeys 142: 1-88

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365

Authors: Ronell R. Klopper, Neil R. Crouch, Gideon F. Smith, Abraham E. van Wyk

Abstract: The KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa has a varied topography, geology and climate and presents diverse habitats that support a rich and diverse flora. Aloes are well represented in KwaZulu-Natal, with four genera [Aloe L., Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., Aloidendron (A.Berger) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. and Aristaloe Boatwr. & J.C.Manning] and 49 taxa occurring in the province. Fourteen of these are endemic and eleven near-endemic to the province. A floristic treatment of the aloes of KwaZulu-Natal is presented in the form of a synoptic review. Included are an identification key to the aloes that occur naturally in the province, species-level distribution maps and accompanying images, so providing for the first time, an atlas of aloe occurrence in this part of the subcontinent.

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Monograph Thu, 12 Mar 2020 14:14:08 +0200
Four new species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from the West Indian Ocean Region https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/50229/ PhytoKeys 140: 57-73

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229

Authors: Iris Montero-Muñoz, Geoffrey A. Levin, José M. Cardiel

Abstract: Four new species of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from the Western Indian Ocean Region, based on morphological and molecular evidence, are described, illustrated, and mapped. Acalypha gillespieae sp. nov., A. leandrii sp. nov. and A. nusbaumeri sp. nov. are endemic to Madagascar, and A. mayottensis sp. nov. is known only from Mbouzi islet (Mayotte), in the Comoros Archipelago. We also describe for the first time in Acalypha the presence of membranous or chartaceous perules covering the axillary buds. Preliminary conservation assessments of the new species are also provided.

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Research Article Mon, 24 Feb 2020 13:45:41 +0200
Scorzonera sensu lato (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) – taxonomic reassessment in the light of new molecular phylogenetic and carpological analyses https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/46544/ PhytoKeys 137: 1-85

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.137.46544

Authors: Maxim A. Zaika, Norbert Kilian, Katy Jones, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina, Maya V. Nilova, Anna S. Speranskaya, Alexander P. Sukhorukov

Abstract: Scorzonera comprises 180–190 species and belongs to the subtribe Scorzonerinae. Its circumscription has long been the subject of debate and available molecular phylogenetic analyses affirmed the polyphyly of Scorzonera in its wide sense. We provide a re-evaluation of Scorzonera and other related genera, based on carpological (including anatomical) and extended molecular phylogenetic analyses. We present, for the first time, a comprehensive sampling, including Scorzonera in its widest sense and all other genera recognised in the Scorzonerinae. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses, based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and of two plastid markers (partial rbcL and matK) and Maximum Parsimony for reconstructing the carpological character states at ancestral nodes. Achene characters, especially related to pericarp anatomy, such as general topography of the tissue types, disposition of the mechanical tissue and direction of its fibres, presence or absence of air cavities, provide, in certain cases, support for the phylogenetic lineages revealed. Confirming the polyphyly of Scorzonera, we propose a revised classification of the subtribe, accepting the genera Scorzonera (including four major clades: Scorzonera s. str., S. purpurea, S. albicaulis and Podospermum), Gelasia, Lipschitzia gen. nov. (for the Scorzonera divaricata clade), Pseudopodospermum, Pterachaenia (also including Scorzonera codringtonii), Ramaliella gen. nov. (for the S. polyclada clade) and Takhtajaniantha. A key to the revised genera and a characterisation of the genera and major clades are provided.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Jan 2020 11:18:42 +0200
Freshwater diatoms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a historical overview of the research and publications https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/47386/ PhytoKeys 136: 107-125

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.136.47386

Authors: Christine Cocquyt, Edit Lokele Ndjombo, Simon Tutu Tsamemba, Hippolyte Nshimba Seya wa Malale

Abstract: An overview of the diatom research in the DR Congo is given based on literature data starting in 1938 with the work of Zanon and excluding the East African Lakes as these were already discussed in previous papers. For each literature record the diatom genera mentioned are presented as well as all diatom taxa described from the Congo as new. In total, 106 new taxa were documented, of which Nitzschia with 40 taxa is far the most important genus followed by Navicula s.l. and Pinnularia and with 15 and 13 taxa respectively. Particular attention was paid to the local research of students found in unpublished theses at bachelor, licentiate, master and PhD level. Diatom records in these works are almost all restricted to genus level, although in the last decade an attempt to delimit species can be observed. This accompanies the renewed taxonomic interest in the Congo basin during the last decade. Renewed taxonomic interest can also be seen in the genera: the first period being situated during the lumping period, while more recent works follow the current taxonomic classification, for example Navicula s.l. versus Navicula, Cavinula, Craticula, Diadesmis, Geissleria, Humidophila, Luticola, etc.

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Checklist Mon, 23 Dec 2019 10:30:26 +0200
The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/39020/ PhytoKeys 136: 45-96

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.136.39020

Authors: Iain Darbyshire, Jonathan Timberlake, Jo Osborne, Saba Rokni, Hermenegildo Matimele, Clayton Langa, Castigo Datizua, Camila de Sousa, Tereza Alves, Alice Massingue, Jeneen Hadj-Hammou, Sonia Dhanda, Toral Shah, Bart Wursten

Abstract: An annotated checklist of the 271 strict-endemic taxa (235 species) and 387 near-endemic taxa (337 species) of vascular plants in Mozambique is provided. Together, these taxa constitute c. 9.3% of the total currently known flora of Mozambique and include five strict-endemic genera (Baptorhachis, Emicocarpus, Gyrodoma, Icuria and Micklethwaitia) and two near-endemic genera (Triceratella and Oligophyton). The mean year of first publication of these taxa is 1959, with a marked increase in description noted following the onset of the two major regional floristic programmes, the “Flora of Tropical East Africa” and “Flora Zambesiaca”, and an associated increase in botanical collecting effort. New taxa from Mozambique continue to be described at a significant rate, with 20 novelties described in 2018. Important plant families for endemic and near-endemic taxa include Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae s.s. There is a high congruence between species-rich plant families and endemism with the notable exceptions of the Poaceae, which is the second-most species rich plant family, but outside of the top ten families in terms of endemism, and the Euphorbiaceae, which is the seventh-most species rich plant family, but third in terms of endemism. A wide range of life-forms are represented in the endemic and near-endemic flora, with 49% being herbaceous or having herbaceous forms and 55% being woody or having woody forms. Manica Province is by far the richest locality for near-endemic taxa, highlighting the importance of the cross-border Chimanimani-Nyanga (Manica) Highlands shared with Zimbabwe. A total of 69% of taxa can be assigned to one of four cross-border Centres of Endemism: the Rovuma Centre, the Maputaland Centre sensu lato, and the two mountain blocks, Chimanimani-Nyanga and Mulanje-Namuli-Ribaue. Approximately 50% of taxa have been assessed for their extinction risk and, of these, just over half are globally threatened (57% for strict-endemics), with a further 10% (17% for strict-endemics) currently considered to be Data Deficient, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation of Mozambique’s unique flora. This dataset will be a key resource for ongoing efforts to identify “Important Plant Areas – IPAs” in Mozambique, and to promote the conservation and sustainable management of these critical sites and species, thus enabling Mozambique to meet its commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

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Research Article Wed, 11 Dec 2019 11:03:34 +0200
Zahora, a new monotypic genus from tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) endemic to the Moroccan Sahara https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/46946/ PhytoKeys 135: 119-131

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.135.46946

Authors: Marcus A. Koch, Claude Lemmel

Abstract: Zahora ait-atta Lemmel & M.Koch, a new species from the Moroccan Sahara, is described and documented here and constitutes a monotypic new genus. The new taxon belongs to the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae), and cytogenetic and phylogenetic analyses reveal that this diploid species has a remote status of Miocene origin in the northwestern Sahara Desert. We examined the morphological differences between morphologically related genera and provide photographs of the new species. The new genus may play a key role in future Brassica-Raphanus crop research since it is placed phylogenetically at the base of a generically highly diverse clade including Raphanus sativus, and it shows affinities to various Brassica species.

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Research Article Thu, 5 Dec 2019 11:38:00 +0200
The first report of Nervilia lilacea Jum. & H. Perrier (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) from Kenya and the Northern Hemisphere https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/46629/ PhytoKeys 135: 35-38

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.135.46629

Authors: Jing Tian, Vivian Kathambi, Peris Kamau, Geoffrey Mwachala, Itambo Malombe, Guang-Wan Hu

Abstract: Nervilia lilacea is recorded from Kenya as well as the Northern Hemisphere for the first time. A plate of ink drawing and a distribution map are provided based on the new collection.

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Short Communication Mon, 11 Nov 2019 10:17:07 +0200
Synsepalum chimanimani (Sapotaceae), a new species from the Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, with notes on the botanical importance of this area https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/38694/ PhytoKeys 133: 115-132

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.133.38694

Authors: Saba Rokni, Bart Wursten, Iain Darbyshire

Abstract: Synsepalum chimanimani S.Rokni & I.Darbysh., sp. nov., a small tree endemic to the forests of the southern foothills of the Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, is described and illustrated. The differences in morphology and distribution between the new species and the related S. kaessneri and S. muelleri, with which it has been confused, are clarified. The new species is globally Endangered due to ongoing habitat loss within its restricted range. The botanical importance and conservation of the Chimanimani foothills is also discussed, and they are highlighted as a candidate Important Plant Area.

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Research Article Wed, 16 Oct 2019 11:01:25 +0300
Conservation priorities and distribution patterns of vascular plant species along environmental gradients in Aberdare ranges forest https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/38124/ PhytoKeys 131: 91-113

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.131.38124

Authors: Solomon Kipkoech, David Kimutai Melly, Benjamin Watuma Mwema, Geoffrey Mwachala, Paul Mutuku Musili, Guangwan Hu, Qingfeng Wang

Abstract: Distribution patterns of biodiversity and the factors influencing them are important in conservation and management strategies of natural resources. With impending threats from increased human population and global climatic changes, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of these patterns, more so in species-rich tropical montane ecosystems where little is known about plant diversity and distribution. Vascular species richness along elevation and climatic gradients of Aberdare ranges forest were explored. A total of 1337 species in 137 families, 606 genera, 82 subspecies and 80 varieties were recorded. Correlations, simple linear regression and Partial least square regression analysis were used to assess richness and diversity patterns of total plants, herbs, shrubs, climbers, arboreal and endemic species from 2000–4000 m above sea level. Total plant species richness showed a monotonic declining relationship with elevation with richness maxima at 2000–2100 m a.s.l., while endemic species richness had a positive unimodal increase along elevation with peaks at 3600–3700 m a.s.l. Herbs, shrubs, climbers and arboreal had significant negative relationships with altitude, excluding endemism which showed positive relations. In contrast, both air and soil temperatures had positive relationships with taxa richness groups and negative relations with endemic species. Elevation was found to have higher relative influence on plant richness and distribution in Aberdare ranges forest. For effective conservation and management of biodiversity in Aberdare, localized dynamic conservation interventions are recommended in contrast to broad and static strategies. Establishment of conservation zones and migration corridors are necessary to safeguard biodiversity in line with envisaged global climatic vicissitudes.

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Monograph Mon, 16 Sep 2019 13:44:23 +0300
A new species of Rhaptopetalum (Lecythidaceae) from south-western Gabon https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/34640/ PhytoKeys 128: 39-46

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.128.34640

Authors: David Kenfack, Diosdado Ekomo Nguema

Abstract: Rhaptopetalum rabiense Kenfack & Nguema, sp. nov. from the Rabi forest in south-western Gabon is described, illustrated and assigned a provisional conservation status of “Critically Endangered”. An identification key to the five Gabonese species of Rhaptopetalum is also provided.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Jul 2019 11:22:35 +0300
Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/34326/ PhytoKeys 127: 39-76

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.127.34326

Authors: Sandra Knapp, Maria S. Vorontsova, Tiina Särkinen

Abstract: Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identification due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions): continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius, La Réunion, the Comoros and the Seychelles), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands. Some of these have previously been published in the context of monographic works, but here we include all taxa. The paper is designed to be used in conjunction with the web resource Solanaceae Source (www.solanaceaesource.org) and hyperlinks provide access to online descriptions, synonymy and images (where available) of each species. All taxa treated and specimens seen are included in searchable Suppl. material 1, 2.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jul 2019 12:18:08 +0300
The rise of Cynometra (Leguminosae) and the fall of Maniltoa: a generic re-circumscription and the addition of 4 new species https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/29817/ PhytoKeys 127: 1-37

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.127.29817

Authors: Aleksandar Radosavljevic

Abstract: Cynometra L. is a genus of ca. 85 species of shrubs to large trees. It is amongst the largest genera in the legume subfamily Detarioideae and one of the few with a pantropical distribution. Perhaps due to this wide distribution and high diversity, systematists and taxonomists have struggled with the classification of Cynometra and its close ally, the genus Maniltoa Scheff. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that many of the African species are more closely related to other genera and that the genus Maniltoa is nested within a clade of Indo-Pacific Cynometra. Here, I present an emended circumscription of Cynometra that excludes the African species defined by jointed pedicels and dehiscent fruits and includes the species formerly recognised in Maniltoa. New combinations in Cynometra are also provided for those species that require them. Additionally, four new species of Neotropical Cynometra are described and illustrated: Cynometra cerebriformis sp. nov. from the lower Rio Trombetas in Brazil; Cynometra dwyerii sp. nov. from the Darien gap region of Panama; C. tumbesiana sp. nov. from the dry tropical forests of Ecuador and Peru; and C. steyermarkii sp. nov. from the foothills of the western Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jul 2019 10:36:36 +0300
A checklist of rheophytes of Cameroon https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/29924/ PhytoKeys 121: 81-131

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924

Authors: Felix Kuetegue, Bonaventure Sonké, Gabriel K. Ameka

Abstract: Rivers in Cameroon were surveyed to collect and document rheophytic plants. Rheophytes are the dominant aquatic macrophytes in tropical river systems, where they are adapted to extreme environments of rushing water (e.g., river rapids, waterfalls and flash floods). Rheophytic plants are useful indicators of river health. However, their habitats are threatened by human activities such as agriculture, plantation development, alluvial mining and dam construction, particularly in tropical countries. In this survey we documented 66 rheophytic species in 29 genera and 16 families. Two ferns, 8 monocotyledons and 56 dicotyledons were listed. Apart from the Podostemaceae family in which all species are rheophytic, the other 15 families have few species which are rheophytic. Five of these families have up to four species and the remaining 10 have only one member as a rheophytic species. The conservation status of each species is assessed and discussed. This work urges botanists, conservationists, and policy makers to do more to protect the habitats of rheophytes and put in place strategies and action plans for the conservation of this important biological group.

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Checklist Thu, 9 May 2019 08:41:51 +0300
Typification of eight current and seven related names and a new section in the genus Bromus (Bromeae, Pooideae, Poaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/30254/ PhytoKeys 121: 53-72

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.121.30254

Authors: Félix Llamas, Carmen Acedo

Abstract: During our nomenclatural revision of the genus Bromus L. (Poaceae) for Flora Iberica, we found that several names were still untypified: nine names in current use or their basionyms and five synonyms. Typifications are still needed since stabilising the names will facilitate their use. We propose lectotypes for Bromus alopecuros Poir., B. contortus Desf. (and the superfluous B. alopecuroides Poir.), B. benekenii (Lange) Trimen, B. intermedius Guss. subsp. divaricatus Bonnier & Layens, B. molliformis J.Lloyd ex Billot, B. lepidus Holmb., B. lepidus f. lasiolepis Holmb., Bromus subg. Stenobromus (Griseb.) Hack. and Bromus sect. Stenobromus Griseb. Neotypes for B. erectus Huds. and B. ramosus Huds. and an epitype for B. intermedius subsp. divaricatus Bonnier & Layens are proposed. In addition, we identify an isoneotype for B. erectus and isolectotypes for B. lepidus and B. lepidus f. lasiolepis. The area inhabited by the typified taxa includes both Africa and Europe. All the selected types are in agreement with the current use of the names and, thus, our selections contribute to stabilising the nomenclature of the genus Bromus. A discussion is provided to justify the selections. In addition, we typified two supraspecific names B. subg. Stenobromus and B. sect. Stenobromus. Finally, a new section, B. sect. Penicillius Llamas & Acedo, is described.

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Research Article Thu, 2 May 2019 11:47:59 +0300
An annotated checklist of vascular plants of Cherangani hills, Western Kenya https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/30274/ PhytoKeys 120: 1-90

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.120.30274

Authors: Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni, Yadong Zhou, Shengwei Wang, Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau, Paul Mutuku Musili, Fredrick Munyao Mutie, Brian Njoroge, Paul Muigai Kirika, Geoffrey Mwachala, Kathambi Vivian, Peninah Cheptoo Rono, Guangwan Hu, Qingfeng Wang

Abstract: Cherangani hills, located in Western Kenya, comprises of 12 forest blocks, maintaining great plant diversity. However, little attention to plant diversity studies has been paid to it in the past years. Here, we present a checklist of the vascular plants of this region obtained through intensive field investigations and matching of herbarium specimens. In total, 1296 species, including 17 endemic species are documented, belonging to 130 families and 608 genera. This flora represents 18.50%, 43.83% and 54.17% of the Kenyan species, genera and families, respectively. The habit, habitat and voucher specimens, as well as brief notes on the distribution of each taxon recorded are presented in this checklist. It is the first exhaustive inventory of the terrestrial vascular plants in Cherangani hills which is a significant regional centre for plant diversity.

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Checklist Thu, 18 Apr 2019 11:40:46 +0300
Typification of Oxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/33280/ PhytoKeys 119: 23-30

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.119.33280

Authors: Quentin Groom

Abstract: Oxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae) from South Africa was described in 1831, but has not been typified. Although no preserved material was mentioned in the original description, an illustration by Thomas Duncanson painted a few years earlier would have been available to W.T. Aiton at the time he described it and it matches his description. Therefore this illustration is designated as the lectotype for Oxalis bowiei.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:16:42 +0200
Nothodissotis (Melastomataceae), a new genus from Atlantic Central Africa, including the new species N. alenensis from Equatorial Guinea https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/31572/ PhytoKeys 118: 89-103

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.118.31572

Authors: Marie Claire Veranso-Libalah, Olivier Lachenaud, Robert Douglas Stone, Gudrun Kadereit

Abstract: Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, a new genus of Melastomataceae (Melastomateae), Nothodissotis Veranso-Libalah & G.Kadereit, gen. nov., is described from Atlantic Central Africa. Nothodissotis is distinguished from other African Melastomateae genera by its calyx-lobes that are notched at apex and asymmetrical (vs. entire and symmetrical). Nothodissotis includes two species: the type species N. barteri (Hook.f.) Veranso-Libalah & G.Kadereit, comb. nov. (syn. Dissotis barteri Hook.f.), and the new species N. alenensis Veranso-Libalah & O. Lachenaud, sp. nov., described and illustrated here. Both species are restricted to open vegetation on rock outcrops within the forested region of Atlantic Central Africa. Nothodissotis barteri has a scattered distribution in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Príncipe Island, while N. alenensis is endemic to the Monte Alén massif in Equatorial Guinea, an area where N. barteri does not occur. Nothodissotis alenensis differs from N. barteri by its hypanthium bearing sessile appendages with penicillate hairs (vs. stalked stellate appendages) and its staminal appendages that are much smaller in antepetalous than in antesepalous stamens (vs. subequal in all stamens). The conservation status of both N. barteri and N. alenensis is assessed as Vulnerable in accordance with IUCN criteria.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Mar 2019 12:21:38 +0200
Dacar Cas/Somali Red Aloe: a new species of Aloe (Asphodelaceae) from Somaliland https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/28226/ PhytoKeys 117: 85-97

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.28226

Authors: Mary E. Barkworth, Ahmed Ibrahim Awale, Faisal Jama Gelle

Abstract: A new species of Aloe (Asphodelaceae) is described from Somaliland. It differs from other species in forming large clumps and in having sap that is initially yellow but quickly turns bright red and then dark red or reddish-brown, paniculate red-flowered inflorescences and uniformly coloured leaves with red teeth. Its recognition raises the number of species known from the combined area of Somaliland and Somalia s.s. from 31 to 36. A map portraying species density of Aloe by country, as that genus is now interpreted, shows that Aloe has its highest density on islands in the Indian Ocean but that, within Africa, the greatest density is in countries along the eastern highlands. The data also reinforce the importance of field botanists in determining a country’s known plant diversity.

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Research Article Fri, 8 Feb 2019 14:49:28 +0200
Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/29041/ PhytoKeys 115: 1-50

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.115.29041

Authors: Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček

Abstract: The basal position of the small American genus Microtea within the core Caryophyllales was suggested only recently in accordance with molecular phylogeny. However, the specific relationships within the genus were not traced. The results of our phylogenetic analysis based on the matK chloroplast gene suggest the monophyly of Microtea, and Ancistrocarpus and other related genera should be included in it. Microtea is divided into two major sister clades: clade A consisting of M. glochidiata, M. maypurensis and M. tenuifolia, and clade B comprising M. debilis, M. sulcicaulis, M. scabrida, M. celosioides, and M. papillosa. The nrDNA dataset (ITS), although containing only a limited number of accessions, shows the same species number in clade A, and the remaining species studied (M. debilis, M. scabrida and M. celosioides) form clade B. Subgeneric status is assigned to clades A and B corresponding with the names Microtea subgen. Ancistrocarpus subgen. nov. and Microtea subgen. Microtea, respectively. The diagnostic characters at the subgeneric level are as follows: length of pedicels, number of flowers at each node, number of stamens and styles. A multivariate analysis of 13 distinguishing morphological characters supports the results of phylogenetic analysis. All species have similar pericarp and seed ultrasculpture and anatomy, and they share the reticulate pericarp surface (independent of presence or absence of finger-shaped outgrowths on its surface) and rugose or slightly alveolate seed ultrasculpture. On the basis of morphological characters, we accept 10 Microtea species. A checklist includes a new diagnostic key, morphological descriptions and distribution patterns of each species. Galenia celosioides is the oldest legitimate name available for the plants previously known as Microtea paniculata, for which the combination Microtea celosioides is validated here. The neotypes of Galenia celosioides and Microtea sprengelii were designated from the collections of Prinz Wied at BR. The name M. foliosa is discussed and finally synonymized with M. scabrida. The lectotypes of Ancistrocarpus maypurensis (≡Microtea maypurensis), Microtea debilis var. ovata (=M. debilis), M. glochidiata, M. maypurensis var. angustifolia (=M. tenuifolia), M. glochidiata f. lanceolata (=M. maypurensis), M. longebracteata (=M. celosioides), M. paniculata var. latifolia (=M. scabrida), M. portoricensis, M. scabrida, M. sulcicaulis, and Potamophila parviflora (=M. maypurensis) are designated. Microtea sulcicaulis is reported for the first time as native to Bolivia, and M. maypurensis is reported from Indonesia (Java), where it is found as an alien plant with an unclear invasion status.

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Research Article Wed, 9 Jan 2019 10:28:44 +0200
Taxonomic revision of the African genus Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/27395/ PhytoKeys 114: 55-93

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.114.27395

Authors: Brandet-Junior Lissambou, Olivier J. Hardy, Christiane Atteke, Tariq Stevart, Gilles Dauby, Bertrand Mbatchi, Bonaventure Sonke, Thomas L.P. Couvreur

Abstract: Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae) is a tropical African genus of trees occurring mainly in rain forests. Until recently, Greenwayodendron contained only two species: Greenwayodendron oliveri from West Africa and Greenwayodendron suaveolens from Central and East Africa. Genetic data, using chloroplast haplotypes and nuclear microsatellites as well as morphometric analyses, provided important information on the delineation of species. Greenwayodendron now contains six species, including two new species (Greenwayodendron glabrum Lissambou, Hardy & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Greenwayodendron littorale Lissambou, Dauby & Couvreur, sp. nov.). Greenwayodendron suaveolens var. gabonica and Greenwayodendron suaveolens subsp. usambaricum are recognised as distinct species: Greenwayodendron gabonicum comb. nov. and Greenwayodendron usambaricum comb. nov., respectively. A key, detailed descriptions of morphology and geographic distributions, as well as notes on their ecology and uses are presented for all species. Preliminary conservation assessments following IUCN criteria are also provided. Two species are preliminarily identified as threatened, one as Endangered and one as Vulnerable.

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Research Article Mon, 31 Dec 2018 12:00:18 +0200
The Cuito catchment of the Okavango system: a vascular plant checklist for the Angolan headwaters https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/30439/ PhytoKeys 113: 1-31

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.113.30439

Authors: David J. Goyder, Nigel Barker, Stoffel P. Bester, Arnold Frisby, Matt Janks, Francisco M.P. Gonçalves

Abstract: This paper aims to provide a baseline for conservation planning by documenting patterns of plant diversity and vegetation in the upper catchment of the Cuito River. 417 species are recorded from this region. Nine of these are species potentially new to science. Ten species are newly recorded from Angola, with an additional species only recorded previously within Angola from the northern enclave of Cabinda. The 108 new provincial records for Moxico clearly indicate the lack of collections from Angola’s largest province. We note the existence of extensive peat deposits in the Cuito river system for the first time and suggest that one of Barbosa’s vegetation types in the area needs to be reassessed.

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Checklist Tue, 27 Nov 2018 14:43:23 +0200
A new disjunct species of Eriolaena (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae) from Continental Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/29303/ PhytoKeys 111: 11-16

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.111.29303

Authors: Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack

Abstract: Eriolaena rulkensii Dorr, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This attractive shrub is endemic to coastal Mozambique. The new species has apically winged seeds, which place it in a group of Malvaceae (Dombeyoideae) that is found in Asia and Madagascar and which had not previously been found in continental Africa.

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Research Article Tue, 6 Nov 2018 12:11:40 +0200
Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/27175/ PhytoKeys 111: 17-30

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175

Authors: Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur

Abstract: Raphia (Arecaceae, Calamoideae) is the most diverse genus of African palms with around 20 species. Two new species from Cameroon and Gabon, Raphia gabonica Mogue, Sonké & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Raphia zamiana Mogue, Sonké & Couvreur, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Their affinities are discussed and the conservation status of each species is assessed. For both species, distribution maps are provided. Raphia gabonica is restricted to two small populations from central Gabon, where it occurs on hillsides on tierra firme soil, and close to small streams. Its preliminary IUCN status is Endangered, being amongst the five most threatened palm species in Africa. Raphia gabonica potentially belongs to the moniliform section. Raphia zamiana is largely distributed from south Cameroon to south Gabon and is very common. It is also a multi-used palm, from which wine, grubs and construction material are extracted and sold. It generally occurs in large stands in a wide range of ecosystems such as swamps, coastal forests on partially inundated sandy soils and inundated savannahs. Its large stature, hard to access habitat (swamps) and abundant presence might have discouraged botanists to collect it until now. Raphia zamiana belongs to the taxonomically complex raphiate section.

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Research Article Tue, 6 Nov 2018 10:58:26 +0200
Phylogeny, infrageneric classification and species delimitation in the Malagasy Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/28216/ PhytoKeys 110: 51-67

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.110.28216

Authors: Elisette M. Rahelivololona, Eberhard Fischer, Steven B. Janssens, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison

Abstract: The species-rich genus Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) is represented in Madagascar by no less than 260 species. We conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Malagasy Impatiens based on nuclear and plastid data and 52 accessions (representing 33 species) to: 1) reassess the monophyly of the Malagasy Impatiens; 2) assess the monophyly of the sections Preimpatiens (Humblotianae and Vulgare groups) with spurs and Trimorphopetalum without spurs as delimited by Perrier de la Bâthie, as well as that of the subgenera Impatiens and Trimorphopetalum as defined by Fischer and Rahelivololona; 3) infer the current status of some morphologically variable species; and 4) test whether the species of Impatiens from the Marojejy National Park form a monophyletic group. The Malagasy Impatiens are further confirmed to be paraphyletic with respect of the Comorian I. auricoma. The present sectional and subgeneric classifications of the Malagasy Impatiens are partly supported, with strong support for the monophyly of the sect. or subgen. Trimorphopetalum. Section Preimpatiens was not supported as monophyletic and neither the Humblotianae group nor the Vulgare group is monophyletic. Impatiens elatostemmoides, I. “hammarbyoides”, I. inaperta, I. lyallii and I. manaharensis are either para- or polyphyletic and may represent morpho-species. The Impatiens species from the Marojejy National Park do not form a monophyletic group and therefore are suggested to be derived from numerous independent colonisation events from all over Madagascar followed by subsequent diversifications.

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Research Article Fri, 2 Nov 2018 11:09:36 +0200
Thesium nautimontanum, a new species of Thesiaceae (Santalales) from South Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/28607/ PhytoKeys 109: 41-51

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.109.28607

Authors: Miguel Angel García, Daniel L. Nickrent, Ladislav Mucina

Abstract: Thesium nautimontanum M.A. García, Nickrent & Mucina, a new species from the Matroosberg Mt. of Western Cape Province of South Africa, is described and illustrated. This species shows several morphological features unusual for the genus including stem sympodial branching, indeterminate spicate inflorescences subtended by numerous bracts and fleshy, non-trichome tissue lining the inside of the corolla lobes. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences place this taxon as sister to all African, Madagascan and South American Thesium species. Given that only two proximal populations are known, this species is of conservation concern.

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Research Article Tue, 2 Oct 2018 12:15:30 +0300
Togo National Herbarium database https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/25385/ PhytoKeys 109: 1-16

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.109.25385

Authors: Raoufou Radji, Kossi Adjonou, Marie-Luce Akossiwoa Quashie, Komlan Edjèdu Sodjinou, Francisco Pando, Kouami Kokou

Abstract: This article describes the herbarium database of the University of Lomé. The database provides a good representation of the current knowledge of the flora of Togo. The herbarium of University of Lomé, known also as Herbarium togoense is the national herbarium and is registered in Index Herbariorum with the abbreviation TOGO. It contains 15,000 specimens of vascular plants coming mostly from all Togo's ecofloristic regions. Less than one percent of the specimens are from neighbouring countries such as Ghana, Benin and Burkina Faso. Collecting site details are specified in more that 97% of the sheet labels, but only about 50% contain geographic coordinates. Besides being a research resource, the herbarium constitutes an educational collection. The dataset described in this paper is registered with GBIF and accessible at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/b05dd467-aaf8-4c67-843c-27f049057b78. It was developed with the RIHA software (Réseau Informatique des Herbiers d'Afrique). The RIHA system (Chevillotte and Florence 2006, Radji et al. 2009) allows the capture of label data and associated information such as synonyms, vernacular names, taxonomic hierarchy and references.

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Data Paper Thu, 13 Sep 2018 11:30:00 +0300
Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/27284/ PhytoKeys 108: 85-116

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284

Authors: Iris Montero Muñoz, José María Cardiel, Geoffrey A. Levin

Abstract: This work presents a critical nomenclatural review of the Acalypha species of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago). This is the first treatment of Acalypha of Madagascar since Leandri’s monograph in 1942. A total of 151 scientific names related to Acalypha from this region are treated. We recognise 35 species (28 native and seven introduced), treat 93 names as synonyms (28 of them for the first time) and identify three as doubtful or excluded names. We designate lectotypes for 41 names, make two new combinations and propose one new name.

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Research Article Mon, 10 Sep 2018 11:54:23 +0300
A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/21991/ PhytoKeys 106: 1-223

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991

Authors: Tiina Särkinen, Peter Poczai, Gloria E. Barboza, Gerard M. van der Weerden, Maria Baden, Sandra Knapp

Abstract: The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or “Maurella” (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.

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Monograph Wed, 25 Jul 2018 10:33:46 +0300
Psoralea forbesiae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from the Swartberg Mountains of South Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/24765/ PhytoKeys 99: 93-98

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.99.24765

Authors: Charles H. Stirton, Abubakar Bello, A. Muthama Muasya

Abstract: Psoralea forbesiae C.H.Stirt., A.Bello & Muasya is a new species of Psoraleeae, Fabaceae. Psoralea forbesiae is endemic to the Swartberg Mountains and is a tall densely branched re-sprouting shrub up to 2.5 m, with bluish-green stems and with most parts covered in small crater-like glands, leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, linear-oblong, pale bluish-green, semi-conduplicate, somewhat succulent, glabrous, crowded at the end of bare branches on older stems or distributed along short branches on young shoots, petiolate. A description of P. forbesiae, together with photographs and a distribution map are presented.

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Research Article Wed, 30 May 2018 13:49:20 +0300
Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/23713/ PhytoKeys 99: 1-66

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713

Authors: Petra De Block, Franck Rakotonasolo, Salvator Ntore, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Steven Janssens

Abstract: The taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of six Pavetteae species endemic to Madagascar were tested with a phylogenetic study of the Afro-Madagascan representatives of the tribe Pavetteae based on sequence data from six markers rps16, trnT-F, petD, accD-psa1, PI and ITS. The six species were resolved into four well-supported and morphologically distinct clades which we here formally recognise at generic level. The new genera are the monospecific Exallosperma and Pseudocoptosperma, each with a single species, and Helictosperma and Tulearia, each with two species. Each genus is characterised by one or more autapomorphies or by a unique combination of plesiomorphic characters. Mostly, the distinguishing characters are found in fruit and seed; Exallosperma differs from all other Pavetteae genera by the fruit consisting of two stony pyrenes, each with a single laterally flattened seed with irregularly distributed ridges on the surface; Helictosperma is unique by its single spherical seed rolled-in on itself in the shape of a giant pill-millipede. Pseudocoptosperma is characterised by the combination of three ovules pendulous from a small placenta and triangular stipules with a strongly developed awn, whereas Tulearia is characterised by robust sericeous flowers, small leaves, uni- or pauciflorous inflorescences and fruits with two pyrenes, each with a single ruminate seed. The four new genera show marked adaptations to the dry habitats in which they grow. They represent multiple radiations into drylands and highlight the importance of the dry forest and scrub vegetation in western, southern and northern Madagascar for plant biodiversity. The description of the four new genera shows that the tribe Pavetteae exhibits the same pattern as many plant groups in Madagascar, which are characterised by a high proportion of endemic genera comprising a single or a few species. In the four new genera, five new species are described and one new combination is made: Exallosperma longiflora De Block; Helictosperma malacophylla (Drake) De Block, Helictosperma poissoniana De Block, Pseudocoptosperma menabense Capuron ex De Block; Tulearia capsaintemariensis De Block and Tulearia splendida De Block.

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Research Article Mon, 21 May 2018 11:47:16 +0300
New taxonomic and conservation status of Ossiculum (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a highly threatened and narrow-endemic angraecoid orchid from Central Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/23511/ PhytoKeys 98: 85-97

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.98.23511

Authors: Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Bonaventure Sonké, Sandrine Mayogo, Narcisse Kamdem, Vincent Droissart

Abstract: In the context of producing a revised phylogenetic Linnean taxonomy of angraecoid orchids, the monotypic and narrow-endemic genus Ossiculum is synonymised with Calyptrochilum. Accordingly, a new combination in Calyptrochilum is proposed for Ossiculum aurantiacum. The morphological and DNA-based evidence for this transfer is discussed. Moreover, Calyptrochilum aurantiacum is here firstly reported outside Cameroon, with a record from the Republic of the Congo. The Red List conservation status of this species is reassessed and it is to be downgraded from “Critically Endangered” (CR) to “Endangered” (EN), following the recent discovery of additional subpopulations in Cameroon.

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Research Article Wed, 2 May 2018 11:50:46 +0300
A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/20975/ PhytoKeys 97: 1-252

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975

Authors: David M. Johnson, Nancy A. Murray

Abstract: A revision of the 45 species of the pantropical genus Xylopia in Tropical Africa includes descriptions of six new species and a new section of the genus. The fruits and seeds of Xylopia show specializations that promote vertebrate dispersal, primarily by hornbills and monkeys. Over half of the African species have an Area of Occupancy (AOO) less than 80 km2, suggesting that they are in need of protection. African species are classified into five sections. Section Neoxylopia , with four species, is centered in the Guineo-Congolian Region and includes X. globosa sp. nov. Section Ancistropetala, with three species, occurs in the same region. Both of these sections are endemic to Africa. Section Xylopia, which extends to Madagascar and the American tropics, has only a single species in Africa, X. aethiopica. The three species of section Verdcourtiasect. nov. are restricted to the East African coast and Madagascar. The largest number of African species, (34) belong to section Stenoxylopia, in which the seeds lack the arils found in the other sections and instead have a fleshy sarcotesta. Section Stenoxylopia is divided into two informal groups, one centered in eastern and southern Africa (X. odoratissima group) and the other centered in the wetter forests of western and central Africa (X. acutiflora group). Five new species are described in section Stenoxylopia: Xylopia nilotica sp. nov. from Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda, Xylopia calva sp. nov. from Nigeria and Cameroon, which is allied to X. phloiodora, and Xylopia monticola sp. nov. from Nigeria and Cameroon, X. piratae sp. nov. from Ivory Coast and Ghana, and X. unguiculata sp. nov. from Gabon. The latter three species are segregates of the former Xylopia acutiflora s. l. One new combination is made at the species level, X. shirensis comb. nov. Keys, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and an index to numbered collections document diversity and assist with species identification. The name Unona oliveriana Baill. was found to pre-date the name Unona lepidota Oliv., requiring the combination Meiocarpidium oliverianum comb. nov.

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Monograph Tue, 24 Apr 2018 16:21:59 +0300
Afropectinariella (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a new genus of the Angraecum alliance https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/23933/ PhytoKeys 96: 79-86

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.96.23933

Authors: Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Vincent Droissart, Tariq Stévart

Abstract: A recent phylogenetic study showed that species assigned to the newly recognised genus Pectinariella Szlach., Mytnik & Grochocka (previously treated as Angraecum Bory sect. Pectinaria Benth.) are polyphyletic, comprising a clade with species primarily in Madagascar and the Western Indian Ocean islands (including the type) and another non-sister clade whose members occur in continental Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands. In order to render Pectinariella monophyletic, the five continental African species must therefore be removed. A new genus, Afropectinariella M.Simo & Stévart, is described and the following combinations are made: Afropectinariella atlantica (Stévart & Droissart) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella doratophylla (Summerh.) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella gabonensis (Summerh.) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella pungens (Schltr.) M.Simo & Stévart and Afropectinariella subulata (Lindl.) M.Simo & Stévart.

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Short Communication Fri, 13 Apr 2018 15:45:42 +0300
Home at last III: Transferring Uechtritzia and Asian Gerbera species into Oreoseris (Compositae, Mutisieae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/23142/ PhytoKeys 96: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.96.23142

Authors: Xiaodan Xu, Wei Zheng, Vicki A. Funk, Kexin Li, Jie Zhang, Jun Wen

Abstract: Recently the Asian Gerbera species were shown to form a clade that was not the sister group of the African Gerbera. In this study, the position of the Asian Gerbera species was further assessed based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses that included six Asian Gerbera and 26 other species from the Gerbera-complex. Morphological results showed that the six Asian Gerbera species, which were sampled, bear leaves with the adaxial epidermal surface lacking stomates, possess bracteate scapes and lack inner ray florets. These characters suggest that the Asian Gerbera species are most closely related to the species of Uechtritzia, which also share similar pollen grain size and shape with the Asian Gerbera, rather than to the African Gerbera. Furthermore, the phylogenetic results based on two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and three chloroplast (trnL–trnF, trnL–rpl32 and trnC–petN) sequences strongly support the Asian Gerbera and Uechtritzia forming a clade, with the latter nested within the Asian Gerbera species. Both morphological and molecular phylogenetic data thus confirmed the taxonomic identity of the Asian Gerbera and Uechtritzia. The authors herein formally treat the nine species of the Asian Gerbera and the three species of Uechtritzia as members of the genus Oreoseris, which is the earliest generic name of this lineage and has the nomenclatural priority.

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Research Article Thu, 8 Mar 2018 09:17:50 +0200
Home at Last II: Gerbera hieracioides (Kunth) Zardini (Mutisieae, Asteraceae) is really a Chaptalia https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/22916/ PhytoKeys 95: 93-106

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.95.22916

Authors: Xiaodan Xu, Wei Zheng, Vicki A. Funk, Jun Wen

Abstract: Gerbera hieracioides (Kunth) Zardini of the Gerbera-complex (Mutisieae, Asteraceae/Compositae) is distributed in Ecuador and Peru. This perennial herb was first named as Onoseris hieracioides Kunth and was later recognised as Trichocline hieracioides (Kunth) Ferreyra. Now it is generally treated as Gerbera hieracioides (Kunth) Zardini but it has never been included in any section of Gerbera. In this study, the position of Gerbera hieracioides is assessed based on morphology and a molecular phylogeny that includes G. hieracioides and 28 other species from the Gerbera-complex. Morphologically, G. hieracioides bears leaves with the adaxial epidermal surface without stomates but with soft thin trichomes, bracteate scapes, trimorphic capitula and inner ray florets with the corolla shorter than the style. These characters suggest that the species is most closely related to Chaptalia rather than to Gerbera or Trichocline. Furthermore, the phylogenetic results based on two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and two chloroplast (trnL–trnF and trnL–rpl32) sequences strongly support the placement of G. hieracioides nested within Chaptalia. As both morphological characters and the molecular phylogenetic results support the transfer of G. hieracioides to Chaptalia, this enigmatic taxon is recognised as Chaptalia hieracioides (Kunth) X.-D. Xu & W. Zheng.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Feb 2018 11:29:34 +0200
Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/21079/ PhytoKeys 93: 1-102

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079

Authors: Neil Snow, Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Bryan K. Simon

Abstract: Diplachne P. Beauv. comprises two species with C4 (NAD-ME) photosynthesis. Diplachne fusca has a nearly pantropical-pantemperate distribution with four subspecies: D. fusca subsp. fusca is Paleotropical with native distributions in Africa, southern Asia and Australia; the widespread Australian endemic D. f. subsp. muelleri; and D. f. subsp. fascicularis and D. f. subsp. uninervia occurring in the New World. Diplachne gigantea is known from a few widely scattered, older collections in east-central and southern Africa, and although Data Deficient clearly is of conservation concern. A discussion of previous taxonomic treatments is provided, including molecular data supporting Diplachne in its newer, restricted sense. Many populations of Diplachne fusca are highly tolerant of saline substrates and most prefer seasonally moist to saturated soils, often in disturbed areas. Some populations of Diplachne fusca in southern Asia combine nitrogen-fixation, high salinity tolerance and palatibilty to livestock, which should be pursued with further research for purposes of soil reclamation. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is the most invasive of the subspecies and is becoming weedy in some non-native areas, including in the Old World. This monograph provides detailed descriptions of all taxa, a key to the species and subspecies, geographic distributions and information on the anatomy of leaves, stems, lemmatal micromorphology and discussions of the chromosome numbers. Lectotypes are designated for: Atropis carinata Grisb.; Diplachne acuminata Nash; Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. concinna Nees; Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. obscura Nees, Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. prolifera subvar. minor Nees, Diplachne halei Nash, Diplachne maritima E.P. Bicknel, Diplachne muelleri Benth., Diplachne reverchonii Vasey, Diplachne tectoneticola Backer, Leptochloa imbricata Thurb., Leptochloa neuroglossa Peter, Leptochloa uninervia var. typica fo. abbreviata Parodi, Triodia ambigua R. Br. and Triodia parviflora R. Br.

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Monograph Thu, 25 Jan 2018 09:20:37 +0200
Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/22205/ PhytoKeys 92: 45-88

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205

Authors: Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Maya V. Nilova, Andrey S. Erst, Maria Kushunina, Cláudia Baider, Filip Verloove, Marcos Salas-Pascual, Irina V. Belyaeva, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina, Peter V. Bruyns, Cornelia Klak

Abstract: The taxonomy of perennial Sesuvium species in Africa has been poorly investigated until now. Previously five perennial species of Sesuvium were recognised in Africa (S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. mesembryanthemoides, S. portulacastrum, and S. sesuvioides). Based on the differing number of stamens, S. ayresii is accepted here as being distinct from S. portulacastrum. Field observations in Angola also led the authors to conclude that S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are conspecific with S. crithmoides. A new subspecies, Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, is described from West Africa (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal). The molecular phylogeny indicates the position of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii within the “American lineage” as a part of the Sesuvium portulacastrum complex which needs further studies. A diagnostic key and taxonomic notes are provided for the six perennial species of Sesuvium found in Africa and recognised by the authors (S. ayresii, S. congense, S. crithmoides, S. portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum, S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii, S. verrucosum and the facultatively short-lived S. sesuvioides). The distribution of S. crithmoides, previously considered to be endemic to Angola, is now confirmed for the seashores of Republic of Congo and DR Congo. The American species S. verrucosum is reported for the first time for Africa (the Macaronesian islands: Cape Verde and the Canaries). It is locally naturalised in Gran Canaria, being a potentially invasive species. These findings as well as new records of S. verrucosum from Asia and the Pacific Islands confirm its proneness to transcontinental introduction. Lectotypes of S. brevifolium, S. crithmoides, S. crystallinum and S. mesembryanthemoides are selected. The seed micromorphology and anatomy of the perennial African species is studied. Compared to the seeds of some annual African Sesuvium investigated earlier, those of perennial species are smooth or slightly alveolate. The aril is one-layered and parenchymatous in all species and usually tightly covers the seed. The aril detachments from the seed coat that form a white stripe near the cotyledon area easily distinguish S. verrucosum from other species under study.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Jan 2018 14:34:46 +0200
Vascular flora of Kenya, based on the Flora of Tropical East Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/20531/ PhytoKeys 90: 113-126

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.90.20531

Authors: Yadong Zhou, Bin Liu, Yuvenlis Mbuni, Xue Yan, Geoffrey Mwachala, Guangwan Hu, Qingfeng Wang

Abstract: Kenya, an African country with major higher plant diversity, has a corresponding diversity of plant associations, because of the wide geographic distribution, diverse climatic conditions and soil types. In this article, all vascular plants of Kenya were counted based on the completed "Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA)", and all families and genera were revised using recent molecular systematics research, forming a "Synoptic List of Families and Genera of Kenyan Vascular Plants (SLFGKVP)". In total, there are 225 families, 1538 genera and 6293 indigenous species and and 62 families, 302 genera and 588 exotic species in Kenya. The Fabaceae with 98 genera and 576 Species is the largest family. Two of the seven plant distribution regions of Kenya, K4 and K7 are the most species-richest areas with regard to both total and endemic species, with 3375 and 3191 total species and 174 and 185 endemic species in K4 and K7 respectively. While, K3 and K5 have the highest density of both total and endemic species. K1 has the lowest density of total species, and K2 has the lowest density of endemic species.

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Checklist Thu, 16 Nov 2017 10:10:42 +0200
A Nomenclator of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) in Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, and the Mascarene Islands https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/20586/ PhytoKeys 90: 1-87

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.90.20586

Authors: Paul E. Berry, Kent Kainulainen, Benjamin W. van Ee

Abstract: All published names of Croton from Madagascar, the Comoros, and the Mascarenes are treated here. We indicate which names are currently accepted (123 native species and 1 introduced), which ones we consider to be heterotypic synonyms (188), which ones are doubtful (25), and which ones should be excluded (5). We newly designate lectotypes for 108 names, and epitypes for C. anisatus Baill., C. nobilis Baill., and C. submetallicus Baill. A total of 133 names are newly treated as synonyms. One new combination is made, Croton basaltorum (Leandri) P.E.Berry for C. antanosiensis var. basaltorum Leandri, and one new name is proposed, Croton toliarensis B.W.vanEe & Kainul. for C. tranomarensis var. rosmarinifolius Radcl.-Sm.

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Research Article Wed, 15 Nov 2017 10:00:43 +0200
Bituminaria antiatlantica (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from Morocco https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/12288/ PhytoKeys 85: 109-124

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.85.12288

Authors: Salvatore Brullo, Cristian Brullo, Salvatore Cambria, Antonia Cristaudo, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo

Abstract: A new species of Bituminaria is described and illustrated: Bituminaria antiatlantica Brullo, C. Brullo, Cambria, Cristaudo & Giusso, sp. nov., which is endemic to Anti-Atlas Mountains (Morocco). It is a true chasmophyte, characterized by a suffruticose habit, several woody branches, leaflets coriaceous, rounded to ovate, small, few-flowered inflorescences and corolla pale coloured.

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Research Article Thu, 31 Aug 2017 11:12:38 +0300
Craterispermum capitatum and C. gabonicum (Rubiaceae): two new species from the Lower Guinean and Congolian Domains https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/13623/ PhytoKeys 83: 103-118

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.83.13623

Authors: Hermann Taedoumg, Bonaventure Sonké, Perla Hamon, Petra De Block

Abstract: Craterispermum capitatum and C. gabonicum, two new species of Rubiaceae, are described from the Lower Guinea and Congolian Domains. Detailed descriptions and distribution maps are provided for each species, their conservation status is assessed and their taxonomic affinities are discussed. Craterispermum gabonicum is unique within the genus because of the strong dimorphism in brevistylous and longistylous flowers and inflorescences. We hypothesize that this species shows some form of dioecy. The distribution of C. capitatum shows a wide disjunction: the species is present in the Lower Guinean and Congolian Domains but absent from Gabon and South Cameroon. An identification key for the Craterispermum species present in the Lower Guinean and Congolian Domains is given.

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Research Article Fri, 21 Jul 2017 12:19:48 +0300
Argyrella richardsiae, a new species of Melastomataceae from the wet miombo woodlands of south-central Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/12914/ PhytoKeys 82: 113-121

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.82.12914

Authors: Marie Claire Veranso-Libalah, Robert Douglas Stone, Gudrun Kadereit

Abstract: A new species from the wet miombo woodlands of Tanzania and Angola, Argyrella richardsiae Veranso-Libalah & G.Kadereit, sp. nov. (Melastomataceae, Melastomateae), is described and illustrated. Although the widespread Argyrella canescens also occurs in Tanzania and northeastern Angola, A. richardsiae is morphologically most similar to Argyrella bambutorum known only from the Northwest of Cameroon, but differs by its indumentum of glandular trichomes on the entire plant (versus a mixture of stellate and glandular trichomes in other species of Argyrella), leaf-blades with serrulate margins (versus entire margins in A. bambutorum) and lateral nerves that become faint mid-way and never reach the leaf apex (versus conspicuous lateral nerves percurrent from the base to the apex in A. bambutorum). A preliminary conservation status of Endangered (EN) is proposed for A. richardsiae following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. A taxonomic key and distribution map of all Argyrella species is also included.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Jul 2017 09:47:31 +0300
Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/13542/ PhytoKeys 82: 73-112

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542

Authors: Regine Jahn, Wolf-Henning Kusber, Christine Cocquyt

Abstract: To comply with the new phylogeny within the Surirellales as supported by molecular and morphological data, re-evaluations and re-combinations of taxa from and within the genera Surirella, Cymatopleura, and Stenopterobia and with the re-established genus Iconella are necessary. Since the African diatom flora is rich with taxa from these genera, especially Iconella, and the authors have studied these taxa recently, describing also new taxa, a preliminary checklist of African Iconella and Surirella is here presented. 94 names are contained on this list. 57 taxa have been transferred to Iconella; 55 taxa were formerly ranked within Surirella and two taxa within Stenopterobia. 10 taxa have stayed within Surirella and six taxa have been transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella. 20 Surirella and 1 Stenopterobia names are listed which are either unrevised or unrevisable since morphological data is missing. Four names and taxa described by Ehrenberg are here typified. Two had been transferred to Iconella already: Iconella bifrons (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov and Iconella splendida (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov. Two are re-transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella: Surirella librile (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. and Surirella undulata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.; both taxa are currently known by their younger synonyms: Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Smith and Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. ex Kützing) W. Smith. Lectotypes for Iconella bifrons, I. splendida, Surirella librile, and S. undulata were designated.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Jul 2017 09:21:11 +0300
Nine species from Madagascar are moved from Vernonia to Distephanus (Compositae, Vernonieae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/11727/ PhytoKeys 77: 89-92

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.77.11727

Authors: Vicki A. Funk, Harold Robinson

Abstract: The genus Distephanus is native to Madagascar, the Mauritius, central and southern Africa, Yemen (Socotra Island), and China. The majority of the diversity is found in Madagascar. Here we provide new combinations for nine species of Vernonia that belong in Distephanus, all from Madagascar. All of the species were formerly placed in the large genus Vernonia, now greatly reduced.

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Research Article Fri, 17 Mar 2017 10:44:28 +0200
RAINBIO: a mega-database of tropical African vascular plants distributions https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/9723/ PhytoKeys 74: 1-18

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.74.9723

Authors: Gilles Dauby, Rainer Zaiss, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Luís Catarino, Theo Damen, Vincent Deblauwe, Steven Dessein, John Dransfield, Vincent Droissart, Maria Cristina Duarte, Henry Engledow, Geoffrey Fadeur, Rui Figueira, Roy E. Gereau, Olivier J. Hardy, David J. Harris, Janneke de Heij, Steven Janssens, Yannick Klomberg, Alexandra C. Ley, Barbara A. MacKinder, Pierre Meerts, Jeike L. van de Poel, Bonaventure Sonké, Marc S. M. Sosef, Tariq Stévart, Piet Stoffelen, Jens-Christian Svenning, Pierre Sepulchre, Xander van der Burgt, Jan J. Wieringa, Thomas L. P. Couvreur

Abstract: The tropical vegetation of Africa is characterized by high levels of species diversity but is undergoing important shifts in response to ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Although our knowledge of plant species distribution patterns in the African tropics has been improving over the years, it remains limited. Here we present RAINBIO, a unique comprehensive mega-database of georeferenced records for vascular plants in continental tropical Africa. The geographic focus of the database is the region south of the Sahel and north of Southern Africa, and the majority of data originate from tropical forest regions. RAINBIO is a compilation of 13 datasets either publicly available or personal ones. Numerous in depth data quality checks, automatic and manual via several African flora experts, were undertaken for georeferencing, standardization of taxonomic names and identification and merging of duplicated records. The resulting RAINBIO data allows exploration and extraction of distribution data for 25,356 native tropical African vascular plant species, which represents ca. 89% of all known plant species in the area of interest. Habit information is also provided for 91% of these species.

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Data Paper Mon, 7 Nov 2016 19:45:40 +0200
Taxonomic revision and distribution of herbaceous Paramollugo (Molluginaceae) in the Eastern Hemisphere https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/10365/ PhytoKeys 73: 93-116

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.73.10365

Authors: Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Maria Kushunina

Abstract: The genus Paramollugo with the type species Paramollugo nudicaulis (≡Mollugo nudicaulis) has recently been described after molecular investigations. Here we report two new endemic Malagasy species: Paramollugo simulans and P. elliotii, and transfer a forgotten New Caledonian endemic Mollugo digyna to Paramollugo (P. digyna). Consequently, the number of Paramollugo species in the Eastern Hemisphere is increased from three to six. Almost all genus representatives (except P. nudicaulis, which has a wide distribution in Southern Asia, Arabia and tropical Africa) are endemic to Madagascar, Somalia, or New Caledonia. Since the type of seed coat ornamentation is crucial for species delimitation, a diagnostic key with new taxonomically significant carpological characters and other new traits is provided for all the herbaceous Paramollugo. The distribution patterns of P. nudicaulis s.str., P. simulans and P. elliotii are presented.

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Research Article Fri, 21 Oct 2016 10:30:07 +0300
Diversity and biogeographical patterns of legumes (Leguminosae) indigenous to southern Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/9147/ PhytoKeys 70: 53-96

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.70.9147

Authors: Marike Trytsman, Robert H. Westfall, Philippus J.J. Breytenbach, Frikkie J. Calitz, Abraham E. van Wyk

Abstract: The principal aim of this study was to establish biogeographical patterns in the legume flora of southern Africa so as to facilitate the selection of species with agricultural potential. Plant collection data from the National Herbarium, South Africa, were analysed to establish the diversity and areas covered by legumes (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. A total of 27,322 records from 1,619 quarter degree grid cells, representing 1,580 species, 122 genera and 24 tribes were included in the analyses. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied to the presence or absence of legume species in quarter degree grid cells, the resultant natural biogeographical regions (choria) being referred to as leguminochoria. The description of the 16 uniquely formed leguminochoria focuses on defining the associated bioregions and biomes, as well as on the key climate and soil properties. Legume species with a high occurrence in a leguminochorion are listed as key species. The dominant growth form of key species, species richness and range within each leguminochorion is discussed. Floristic links between the leguminochoria are established, by examining and comparing key species common to clusters, using a vegetation classification program. Soil pH and mean annual minimum temperature were found to be the main drivers for distinguishing among legume assemblages. This is the first time that distribution data for legumes has been used to identify biogeographical areas covered by leguminochoria on the subcontinent. One potential application of the results of this study is to assist in the selection of legumes for pasture breeding and soil conservation programs, especially in arid and semi-arid environments.

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Research Article Tue, 4 Oct 2016 12:29:12 +0300
A nonet of novel species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) from around Africa https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/9292/ PhytoKeys 69: 71-103

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.69.9292

Authors: Paul H. Hoekstra, Jan J. Wieringa, Lars W. Chatrou

Abstract: As part of an ongoing revision of the genus Monanthotaxis Baill. (Annonaceae), nine new species are described and one variety is reinstated to species rank. Two new species from West Africa (Monanthotaxis aquila P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov. and Monanthotaxis atewensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), four new species from Central Africa (Monanthotaxis couvreurii P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov., Monanthotaxis latistamina P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov., Monanthotaxis tripetala P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov. and Monanthotaxis zenkeri P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from Tanzania (Monanthotaxis filipes P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from the area around Maputo (Monanthotaxis maputensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from the Comoro Islands (Monanthotaxis komorensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.) and Monanthotaxis klainei (Engl.) Verdc. var. angustifolia (Boutique) Verdc. is raised to species level leading to the replacement name Monanthotaxis atopostema P.H.Hoekstra, nom. nov. (not Monanthotaxis angustifolia (Exell) Verdc.). Complete descriptions, comparisons with related species, ecological information and IUCN conservation assessments are given for the new species. Five species were classified as critical endangered, two species as endangered, one as vulnerable and one as least concern, warranting the need of further collecting and studying those species.

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Research Article Tue, 30 Aug 2016 14:17:32 +0300
New species of Uvariopsis (Annonaceae) and Laccosperma (Arecaceae/Palmae) from Monts de Cristal, Gabon https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/9576/ PhytoKeys 68: 1-8

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.68.9576

Authors: Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Raoul Niangadouma

Abstract: Monts de Cristal National Park in northwest Gabon is one of the most species rich places in Central Africa. Here, we describe two new species, one in Annonaceae and one in palms. Uvariopsis citrata Couvreur & Niangadouma, sp. nov. is unique in the genus by emitting a strong lemon scent from the crushed leaves and young branches. Laccosperma cristalensis Couvreur & Niangadouma, sp. nov. is a rattan that lacks acanthophylls on the cirrus and has few pinnae. Complete descriptions, photographic illustrations, ecological information and preliminary IUCN conservation status are provided. For both species a data deficient (DD) status is proposed. These new species underline once again that the Monts de Cristal National Park is yet incompletely known botanically.

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Research Article Tue, 2 Aug 2016 14:17:37 +0300
A revision of the “African Non-Spiny” Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/8457/ PhytoKeys 66: 1-142

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457

Authors: Sandra Knapp, Maria S. Vorontsova

Abstract: The African Non-Spiny (ANS) clade contains 14 species of mostly large canopy lianas or scandent shrubs confined to Madagascar (10) and continental Africa (4, with with one species reaching the southern Arabian peninsula). Members of the clade were previously classified in sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter and Quadrangulare Bitter, and were throught to be related to a variety of New World groups. The group is an early-branching lineage of non-spiny solanums and characters shared with other vining New World solanums are homoplastic. The 14 species of the group occupy a wide range of habitats, from wet forests in western Africa to savanna and dry forests of southern Madagascar and dune habitats in South Africa. Many members of the group are highly variable morphologically, and habit can vary between shrub and canopy vine in a single locality. We here review the taxonomic history, morphology, potential relationships and ecology of these species; we provide keys for their identification, descriptions, full synonymy (including designations of lectotypes and neotypes) and nomenclatural notes. Illustrations, distribution maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.

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Research Article Wed, 13 Jul 2016 12:14:00 +0300
A brief botanical survey into Kumbira forest, an isolated patch of Guineo-Congolian biome https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/8679/ PhytoKeys 65: 1-14

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.65.8679

Authors: Francisco Maiato Pedro Gonçalves, David John Goyder

Abstract: Kumbira forest is a discrete patch of moist forest of Guineo-Congolian biome in Western Angola central scarp and runs through Cuanza Norte and Cuanza Sul province. The project aimed to document the floristic diversity of the Angolan escarpment, a combination of general walk-over survey, plant specimen collection and sight observation was used to aid the characterization of the vegetation. Over 100 plant specimens in flower or fruit were collected within four identified vegetation types. The list of species includes two new records of Guineo-Congolian species in Angola, one new record for the country and one potential new species.

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Checklist Wed, 15 Jun 2016 12:08:53 +0300
A new species in the tree genus Polyceratocarpus (Annonaceae) from the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/6262/ PhytoKeys 63: 63-76

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.63.6262

Authors: Andrew R. Marshall, Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Abigail L. Summers, Nicolas J. Deere, W.R. Quentin Luke, Henry J. Ndangalasi, Sue Sparrow, David M. Johnson

Abstract: Polyceratocarpus askhambryan-iringae, an endemic tree species of Annonaceae from the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, is described and illustrated. The new species is identified as a member of the genus Polyceratocarpus by the combination of staminate and bisexual flowers, axillary inflorescences, subequal outer and inner petals, and multi-seeded monocarps with pitted seeds. From P. scheffleri, with which it has previously been confused, it differs in the longer pedicels, smaller and thinner petals, shorter bracts, and by generally smaller, less curved monocarps that have a clear stipe and usually have fewer seeds. Because P. askhambryan-iringae has a restricted extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and ongoing degradation of its forest habitat, we recommend classification of it as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List.

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Research Article Wed, 1 Jun 2016 14:33:40 +0300
The rediscovery of the Great Winterberg endemic Lotononis harveyi B.–E.van Wyk after 147 years, and notes on the poorly known Amathole endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/8348/ PhytoKeys 62: 113-124

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348

Authors: Vincent Ralph Clark, Joanne Bentley, Anthony P. Dold, Vathiswa Zikishe, Nigel P. Barker

Abstract: South Africa’s 800 km-long southern Great Escarpment hosts numerous endemic plant species only known from their type specimens or from very few records. This is a legacy of a 100–150 year lag between the pioneer work of 19th century botanists and repeat fieldwork in the 21st century. As a result, population and ecological data are lacking for many local endemic species. Here we report on the rediscovery of Lotononis harveyi B.–E.van Wyk 147 years after its original description, and provide the first detailed ecological notes on the poorly known shrub Macowania revoluta Oliv. Both species are locally endemic to the Great Winterberg–Amatholes (Eastern Cape Province). With only six known individuals, L. harveyi is recommended the conservation status of Critically Endangered, with fire (and potentially grazing) being the main population constraints. Macowania revoluta is locally abundant, and it is surprising that it has been so poorly collected in recent decades. It occupies an important local niche as a keystone montane wetland species, and its narrow distribution range – combined with pressure from woody alien invasive species – suggests that its conservation status should be Rare. The research further highlights the need for continued biodiversity field research along South Africa’s poorly explored Great Escarpment.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Apr 2016 16:26:27 +0300
Taxonomy of Atlantic Central African orchids 5. A new species of Angraecum sect. Conchoglossum (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) from Gabon and Cameroon https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/7017/ PhytoKeys 61: 61-71

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.61.7017

Authors: Vladimir Ječmenica, Vincent Droissart, Nausicaa Noret, Tariq Stévart

Abstract: Recent field inventories and taxonomic research in Central Africa have resulted in the discovery of many new orchid species. Five specimens of an apparently new Angraecum species were collected in Gabon and Cameroon. They stand out for their hanging habit and short zig-zag stem. Morphology of leaves and habit is somewhat comparable to A. cultriforme and A. stolzii, two species from East Africa. Flowers of the novelty share the general morphology of A. pyriforme from which the new species is distinguished by being smaller and with a different lip-spur ratio. Here we show that these five specimens represent a new species, described here as Angraecum lanceolatum. The distinguishing traits include thin lanceolate leaves, convolute distally, with a rhombic lip shape. Dichotomous key to four Central African species of sect. Conchoglossum and a table of the diagnostic characters of the seven related Continental African Angraecum taxa are included here. A preliminary assessment of the conservation status of A. lanceolatum is provided, using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

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Research Article Thu, 25 Feb 2016 13:32:26 +0200
Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/6734/ PhytoKeys 60: 49-126

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734

Authors: Harold Robinson, John J. Skvarla, Vicki A. Funk

Abstract: Current and previously included members of the Tribe Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa are listed in their presently recognized genera with complete synonymies and keys to genera and species. The genus Vernonia, as presently delimited, does not occur in Africa. Genera of the Vernonieae presently recognized from southern Africa are Baccharoides, Bothriocline, Cyanthillium, Distephanus, Erlangea, Ethulia, Gymnanthemum, Hilliardiella, Oocephala, Orbivestus, Parapolydora, Polydora, Vernonella, Vernoniastrum, plus two genera that are named as new: Namibithamnus and Pseudopegolettia. Twelve new combinations are provided and two species, V. potamiphila and V. collinii Klatt., hom. illeg., remain unplaced because of a lack of material. Pollen types are illustrated including previously recognized types: non-lophate, sublophate, tricolporate lophate, and non-colpate triporate lophate. A type previously unknown in the Asteraceae is described here and in a separate paper for Oocephala and Polydora; a non-colpate pantoporate lophate type with pores not strictly equatorial.

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Research Article Thu, 11 Feb 2016 09:09:18 +0200
Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/5797/ PhytoKeys 54: 1-166

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285

Authors: Norbert Holstein

Abstract: This monograph deals with all 95 names described in the Cucurbitaceae genus Coccinia and recognizes 25 species. Taxonomic novelties are Coccinia adoensis var. aurantiaca (C.Jeffrey) Holstein, stat. nov., C. sessilifolia var. variifolia (A.Meeuse) Holstein, stat. nov., and C. adoensis var. jeffreyana Holstein, var. nov. For the 25 species 3157 collections were examined, of which 2024 were georeferenced to produce distribution maps. All species are distributed in sub-Saharan Africa with one species, C. grandis, extending from Senegal in West Africa east to Indonesia and being naturalized on Pacific Islands, in Australia, the Caribbean, and South America. Coccinia species are dioecious creepers or climbers with simple or bifid tendrils that occupy a range of habitats from arid scrubland, woodlands to lowland rainforest and mist forest. The corolla of Coccinia species is sympetalous, usually pale yellow to orange, and 1 to 4.5 cm long. Pollination is by bees foraging for pollen or nectar. After pollination, the developing ovary often exhibits longitudinal mottling, which usually disappears during maturation. All species produce berries with a pericarp in reddish colors (orange-red through to scarlet red), hence the generic name. The globose to cylindrical fruits contain numerous grayish-beige flat to lenticular seeds. Chromosome numbers are 2n = 20, 24, and 22 + XX/XY. Many Coccinia species are used for food, either as roasted tubers, greens as spinach, or the fruits as vegetables. Medicinal value is established in C. grandis, of which leaves and sap are used against diabetes.

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Monograph Mon, 3 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0300
Revision of the fern genus Orthiopteris (Saccolomataceae) in Malesia and adjacent regions https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/4955/ PhytoKeys 53: 39-71

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.53.4955

Authors: Thien Tam Luong, Peter H. Hovenkamp, Marc S.M. Sosef

Abstract: A taxonomic revision of the Old-World representatives of the fern genus Orthiopteris is presented. We recognize eight species, one of which is newly described (Orthiopteris samoensis), and five varieties, of which two are newly described (O. campylura var. insularis and O. campylura var. laxa). Orthiopteris acuminata, O. caudata, O. minor and O. kingii are all reduced to varieties of O. campylura.

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Research Article Tue, 21 Jul 2015 09:37:28 +0300