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Research Article
Silene ophioglossa (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae), a new species from southwest China
expand article infoFeng Yang‡, Ting-Ting Wang‡, Yue-Hua Wang‡, Huan-Chong Wang‡
‡ Yunnan University, Kunming, China

Corresponding author: Yue-Hua Wang ( wangyh58212@126.com )

Corresponding author: Huan-Chong Wang ( hchwang@ynu.edu.cn )

Academic editor: Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo
© 2023 Feng Yang, Ting-Ting Wang, Yue-Hua Wang, Huan-Chong Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Yang F, Wang T-T, Wang Y-H, Wang H-C (2023) Silene ophioglossa (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae), a new species from southwest China. PhytoKeys 225: 99-113. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247
Open Access

Abstract

Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang & Feng Yang, a new species of Caryophyllaceae, is here described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species was found in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, southwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed this new species belongs to section Cucubaloides. Morphologically, it resembles S. phoenicodonta and S. viscidula, which were also found in the southwest China, but clearly differs from the latter two species by having 5–7 mm long calyces with sparsely hirtellous and short glandular hairs, white petals, linear limbs and lobes, and absent or oblong-linear coronal scales. A distribution map and a table with morphological diagnostic characters of new species and its closest relatives are provided, as well as a preliminary conservation assessment of S. ophioglossa under the IUCN criteria.

Keywords

Conservation assessment, endemism, ITS sequence, Silene phoenicodonta, Silene sect. Cucubaloides

Introduction

The genus Silene L. (Sileneae DC., Caryophyllaceae Juss.), with 700 to 870 species (Mabberley 2017; Jafari et al. 2020) is mainly distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Greuter 1995; Oxelman and Lidén 1995; Zhou et al. 2001). The center of its diversity is considered to be in western Asia and the Mediterranean area, but areas of central Asia are also highly diverse (Jafari et al. 2020). There has been considerable controversy regarding delimitation of the genus Silene. Recent molecular studies have clearly demonstrated that Silene (in the traditional sense), is paraphyletic since Lychnis L., Atocion Adans. and Viscaria Bernh. are nested within it (Jafari et al. 2020). Some authors suggested lumping most members of Sileneae into the genus (e.g. Greuter 1995; Desfeux and Lejeune 1996; Jafari et al. 2020). Conversely, other authors (e.g. Oxelman and Lidén 1995; Oxelman et al. 1997, 2001; Popp and Oxelman 2004; Frajman et al. 2009a, b; Greenberg and Donoghue 2011) preferred to separate Agrostemma L., Eudianthe (Rchb.) Rchb., Heliosperma Rchb., Petrocoptis A. Braun, Atocion and Viscaria.

The first comprehensive revision of the genus Silene in China was made by Tang (1996) who recognized 112 species, 2 subspecies and 17 varieties. In the most recent treatment by Zhou et al. (2001), 110 species were accepted, 67 of which are endemic to China (endemism ratio of Silene in China is about 61%). More recently, three additional species of Silene were described or recorded from southwest China by Lin et al. (2019) and Yang et al. (2022 a, b); these findings highlight the need for continued field exploration and taxonomical research in the region.

During our field surveys and the herbarium studies for a taxonomic revision of Silene in the Sino-Himalayan region, an interesting plant was repeatedly encountered, but one that does not fit with any previously described species. Comparison with related species demonstrates that this plant actually represents a distinct species hitherto not described. Therefore, it is described as a new species herein and named as Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang & Feng Yang.

Material and methods

Morphological analyses

The study followed the normal practice of plant taxonomic survey and herbarium taxonomy. Morphological studies of the new species were based on observation of living plants and specimens from Yunnan and Sichuan, southwest China. Digital images available at the JSTOR Global Plants (http://plants.jstor.org/) and at the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (http://www.cvh.ac.cn/), as well the collections housed at CDBI, KUN, PE, PYU, XTBG and YUKU were examined and compared with the new species. Pertinent taxonomic literature (e.g. Wu 1993; Zhuang 1995; Tang 1996; Zhou et al. 2001) was consulted. Morphological studies were carried out on dried material under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX2, Tokyo, Japan) and measurements were made using a ruler and a metric vernier caliper.

Seed micromorphology

Mature seed samples were directly adhered to carbon adhesive tape. Then they were coated with gold palladium using a BAL-TEC SCD 005 cool sputter coater (BAL-TEC AG., Liechtenstein) at Yunnan University, Kunming, China. Observations were conducted using a QUANTA 200 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FEI Co., U. S. A.) at 20.0 KV.

Phylogenetic study

To determine the phylogenetic position of the putative new species, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA was used as the molecular marker. Total genomic DNA of this new species and S. phoenicodonta were extracted from silica-gel dried leaves using the DNA secure plant kit (TIANGEN, Beijing, China). The PCR protocols followed Lin et al. (2019). The ITS primers used were ITS1 and ITS4, as described by White et al. (1990) and Urbatsch et al. (2000). The PCR products were bidirectionally sequenced with the same primers used for PCR amplifications in an ABI 3730xL DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) at Kunming Branch of Beijing Qingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Yunnan, China).

We used a total of 70 taxa of Silene as ingroups, being representatives of most sections of Silene, Heliosperma oliverae Niketić et Stevan., Atocion armeria (Fedor.) Fedor. and Petrocoptis pyrenaica A. Braun as outgroups following the previous phylogenetic analyses (Jafari et al. 2020). A total of 73-taxon data sets, including six newly published sequences, were obtained. Voucher specimen and GenBank accession information for taxa are listed in Appendix 1.

All sequences were aligned with MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013) using ‘auto’ strategy and normal alignment mode. Gap sites were removed with trimAl (Capella‐Gutiérrez et al. 2009) using “-automated1” command. The best-fitting substitution models SYM+I+G model for Bayesian inference were selected using ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017) in BIC criterion. MrBayes 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012) was used to conduct Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Runs were performed for 5 million generations with sampling of trees every 500 generations. The initial 25% of sampled data were discarded as burn-in.

Results and taxonomic treatment

Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang & Feng Yang, sp. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77318297-1
Figs 1, 2

Type

China. Yunnan Province: Binchuan County, Pingchuan Town, Maojiaoshan Mountain, alt. 2198 m, 25°58'13.6"N, 100°42'8.28"E, under a walnut forest by a ravine stream, 17 June 2022, F. Yang et al. BC17342 (holotype YUKU-02074705!; isotypes YUKU-02074706!, PE!, HITBC!).

Figure 1. 

Silene ophioglossa sp. nov. (Drawn by Tingting Wang) A habit B flower (front view) C adaxial surface of leaf D petal E pistil and androgynophore F seed.

Figure 2. 

Silene ophioglossa sp. nov. (Photographed by F. Yang) A habit B abaxial surface of leaf C adaxial surface of leaf D roots E dichasial cymes F flower (side view, showing the calyx) G flower (front view) H dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws) I pistil and androgynophore J petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales) K immature capsule L seeds.

Diagnosis

Silene ophioglossa is morphologically similar to S. phoenicodonta (Fig. 3), but clearly differs from the latter in having 5–7 mm (vs. 6–8 mm) long calyces sparsely hirtellous and short glandular hairs (vs. densely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs), white (vs. dark violet) petals, linear (vs. obovate) limbs and linear (vs. ovate or nearly band-shaped) lobes, absent or oblong-linear (vs. orbicular-linear) coronal scales.

Figure 3. 

Silene phoenicodonta (Photographed by F. Yang and H. C. Wang) A habit B adaxial surface of leaf C abaxial surface of leaf D dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws) E roots F flower (side view, showing the calyx and pedicel) G flower (front view) H petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales) I styles and immature capsule J calyx after anthesis K seeds.

Etymology

The specific epithet “ophioglossa” is derived from the Greek words “ophis” (meaning snake) and “glossa” (meaning tongue), which refer to the petal lobes of this new species which resemble the tongue of a snake.

Description

Herbs perennial. Roots numerous, clustered, cylindric, fleshy. Stems sparsely caespitose, ascending to sprawling, 30–80 cm long, slender, multibranched, with sparsely pubescent. Leaves ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 3–9 (–15) cm long, 1–4 cm wide, base cuneate or attenuate into petiole, apex acute, both surfaces puberulent to subglabrous, margin entire, minutely ciliate, lateral veins 2 pairs, midrib and lateral veins prominent abaxially. Dichasial cymes terminal, diffuse; peduncle 1–15 cm long, densely glandular-pilose. Pedicels densely glandular-pilose and sparsely eglandular villous, subequaling or longer than calyx; bracts ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5–7 mm long, 2–3 mm in diameter, longitudinal veins green or violet, cohering at apex, sparsely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs, inflated after anthesis, 6–7 mm long, 4–5 mm in diameter in fruit stage; calyx teeth ovate-triangular, green or violet, ca. 1 mm long, apex acute, margin ciliate. Androgynophore ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Petals white, 1.0–1.2 cm long; claws equaling to calyx, oblanceolate, glabrous, inflated above, margin erose; limbs linear, deeply bifid to middle, lobes linear, apex usually curly, without side lobe; coronal scales absent or oblong-linear, small, entire or emarginated at apex. Stamens 10, included in calyx tube; filaments glabrous, 5–7 mm long. Styles 3, included or slightly exserted beyond calyx. Capsule broadly ovoid, 7–9 mm long, 4–5 mm in diameter, slightly longer than calyx. Seeds dark brown, globose-reniform, ca. 1 mm long, tuberculate.

Molecular phylogenetics

The ITS sequence region of Silene ophioglossa comprises 687 and 821 base pairs with a GC content of 53.3% and 54.4%. The alignment of 73 ITS sequences resulted in a matrix of 582 total characters, 350 of which are constant, 58 of the variable characters are singleton sites and 174 characters are parsimony-informative sites.

Phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences uncovered that the new species, S. ophioglossa, belongs to a clade A representing S. sect. Cucubaloides Edgeworth & Hook. f. which was recircumscribed by Jafari et al. (2020) in their recent studies (Fig. 4). This placement is also supported by its morphological characters, such as the ascending to sprawling, multibranched stems, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic leaves, lax dichasial cymes and tubular-campanulate calyces. In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4), two sequences from S. ophioglossa constituted a monophyletic lineage with maximum support, and it is sister to a small subclade B that includes S. phoenicodonta and S. viscidula. This close relationship is also supported by their morphological similarity.

Figure 4. 

Bayesian inference tree of Silene based on ITS sequences showing phylogenetic placements of S. ophioglossa. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown near the nodes. Silene ophioglossa, S. viscidula and S. phoenicodonta are marked in bold type, and S. ophioglossa is highlighted by using red colored text.

Seed micromorphology

Seeds of Silene ophioglossa are dark brown when mature, globose-reniform in shape, 0.94–1.12 mm long, 0.79–0.94 mm wide. The lateral surface of seed is concave. The dorsal surface is flat, ca. 0.57 mm wide. Its seed coat is formed by elongate epidermis cells with S-undulate and V-undulate anticlinal walls. The periclinal walls are convex and have granulate-papillate ornamentation (Fig. 5A–C).

Figure 5. 

SEM micrographs of seed morphology in Silene ophioglossa (voucher specimen: Q. P. Wang et al. XY7908, A–C) and S. phoenicodonta (voucher specimen: D. Qiao DC2575, D–F). A, D lateral surface B, E dorsal surface C, F ventral surface.

Phenology

Flowering and fruiting from June to September.

Distribution and habitat

Silene ophioglossa is endemic to southwest China, where it has been collected from western Sichuan and north Yunnan (Fig. 6). Currently, it seems to be restricted to the Jinsha River basin. Silene ophioglossa usually occurs at elevations ranging from 2000–3000 meters and grows in thickets or at forest margins, and its association includes Lepisorus palmatopedatus (Baker) C. F. Zhao, R. Wei et X. C. Zhang, Lysimachia christiniae Hance, Corydalis triternatifolia C. Y. Wu, Indigofera pendula Franch., Lysimachia stenosepala Hemsl. var. flavescens Chen et C. M. Hu, Circaea cordata Royle, Quercus acutissima Carr. and Campylotropis teretiracemosa P. C. Li et C. J. Chen.

Figure 6. 

Distribution of Silene ophioglossa and S. phoenicodonta in southwest China.

Conservation status

Silene ophioglossa is known from five localities and has been found in thickets or at forest margins. However, we actually only investigated two points, and didn’t have enough information about its distribution, abundance, or threats to this species. More information is needed for assignment of its conservation status. Therefore, we choose to assign this new species to the category data deficient (DD) following the IUCN guidelines (IUCN 2012, 2022).

Taxonomic notes

Morphologically and seed micromorphologically, Silene ophioglossa is most similar to S. phoenicodonta (Fig. 3), a species also distributed in southwest China (Fig. 6). They share ascending to sprawling, multibranched stems, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic leaves, dichasial cymes, 3 styles and globose-reniform seeds (Fig. 5), but the new species is distinguishable from the latter by its calyces 5–7 mm (vs. 6–8 mm) long, sparsely (vs. densely) hirtellous and with short glandular hairs, petals white (vs. dark violet), limbs linear (vs. obovate), lobes linear (vs. ovate or nearly band-shaped) and coronal scales absent or oblong-linear (vs. orbicular-linear).

Silene ophioglossa is somewhat close to S. viscidula, an endemic species found from southwestern China. Nevertheless, S. ophioglossa differs from S. viscidula in having ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic (vs. elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate) leaves, diffuse (vs. compact, 3–7 (–15)-flowered) dichasia, 5–7 mm long (vs. 7–10 mm long) calyces, sparsely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs (vs. densely glandular hairs), white (vs. pale pink or white) petals, linear (vs. broadly obovate) limbs, linear (vs. ovate or square) lobes, absent or oblong-linear (vs. flabellate) coronal scales. A detailed morphological comparison between these three species is summarized in Table 1.

Table 1.
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Morphological comparison of Silene ophioglossa, S. phoenicodonta and S. viscidula.

Characters Species
S. ophioglossa S. phoenicodonta S. viscidula
Roots clustered, cylindric clustered, cylindric clustered, fusiform
Leaves ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate
Inflorescence dichasial cymes, diffuse dichasia diffuse, few flowered dichasial cymes, 3–7 (–15)-flowered, compact
Calyces 5–7 mm long, outside sparsely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs 6–8 mm long, outside densely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs 7–10 mm long, outside with dense glandular hairs
Petals white dark violet pale pink or white
Limbs linear, deeply bifid to middle obovate, deeply bifid to middle broadly obovate, shallowly 2-lobed
Lobes of petals linear, apex usually curly, without side lobe ovate or nearly band-shaped, sometimes with one inconspicuous tooth on each lateral side ovate or square, entire, sometimes with one inconspicuous tooth on each lateral side
Coronal scales absent or oblong-linear, entire or emarginated at apex Present, orbicular-linear, laciniate at apex Present, flabellate, laciniate at apex

Additional specimens examined (Paratypes)

China. Sichaun: Muli County, Qiaowa Town, Chutouwan village, under the shady and moist thickets by the river, alt. 2600 m, 28 June 1978, Y. B. Yang 7097 (CDBI-0020627, CDBI-0020628); Muli County, Ninglang village, under Tsuga forest on the mountain slope, alt. 3000 m, 25 September 1983, Qinghai-Tibet Expedition 14350 (KUN-0514408, KUN-0514409). Yunnan: Luquan County, Sayingpan Town, Sayongshan Mountain, at evergreen broad-leaved forest margins, alt. 2400 m, 21 June 1965, W. M. Zhu & Y. M. Feng 00584 (YUKU-02006723); Xiangyun County, Midian Town, Yemaoshan Mountain, alt. 2300 m, 25°41'52.12"N, 100°49'26.69"E, 24 July 2018, Xiangyun Medicinal Plant Investigation Team 5329230617 (YUKU-02074711, YUKU-02074712, YUKU-02074713) and F. Yang et al. XY8075 (YUKU-02074710); same location, 26 August 2019, Q. P. Wang et al. XY7908 (YUKU-02074714, YUKU-02074715).

Silene phoenicodonta. China. Sichaun: Zhaojue County, Sikai Town, thickets, alt. 2400 m, 30 June 1976, Sichuan Vegetation Team 12763 (PE-00580695, CDBI-0020501). Yunnan: Huizhe County, Dahai village, Dahaicaoshan, ca. 2 km from Xiaoxiniu, Dabaping, alpine meadows, 103°16'10.50"E, 26°12'6.19"N, alt. 3433 m, 24 July 2018, H. Tang TH2018046 (KUN-1481546); Dongchuan District, Xueling Scenic Area, 29 August 2017, D. Qiao DC2575 (YUKU-02074716); Heqing County, Songgui Town, Maershan Mountain, on the path from Chamujing to Zhulinkou, under forest, roadsides, 100°7'53.68"E, 26°23'2.58"N, alt. 2578 m, 5 August 2018, H. Tang TH2018087 (KUN-1481543); Jianchuan County, Shizhongshan Mountain, July 1987, S. Y. Bao 401 (KUN-0531671); Zhengkang County, Snow Range, in grassy slope, alt. 2600 m, 22 July 1938, T. T. Yu 16881 (PE-00558309, KUN-0514405).

Silene viscidula. China. Sichaun: Yanbian County, Dapingzi District, Baoshishan, limestone mountainous region, at 2700 m, 29 June 1983, Qinghai-Tibet Team 11677 (KUN-0514407). Guizhou: Weining County, Mazha Town, Gali village, Mabaidashan, 12 July 1959, Bijie Team 191 (PE-00581476). Yunnan: Luquan County, Kedu Town, Dianwei village, grassy slope, at 2500 m, 25 October 1940, Y. B Chang 347 (IBSC-0149532); Dongchuan District, November 1906, E. E. Maire 87 (E-00109656); Mengzi, Yangliuhe village, sparse forest, at 1720 m, 30 July 1958, Y. Y. Hu & S. K. Wen 580546 (KUN-0514415).

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Alexander Sukhorukov and Daniel Montesinos Tubée for their valuable comments and suggestions. We express our gratitude to Zengyan Dang for the distribution map. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no: 31960040) and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) programme (2019QZKK0502).

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Appendix 1

Table A1.
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Voucher information and GenBank accession of species used in our study.

GenBank Species Voucher information Herbarium
AJ299829 Silene aegaea Oxelman Christodoulakis 2826 UPA
AJ831784 Silene uralensis (Rupr.) Bocquet Inger Skrede SUP02-38-08 UPS
EF060201 Silene muscipula L. Bengt Oxelman 1780 GB
EF060217 Silene nana Kar. Et Kir. Kereverzova and Mekeda 1976.V.5 LECB
EF118064 Heliosperma oliverae Niketić et Stevan. LJU 137738
EF602380 Silene abyssinica (Hochst.) H.Neumayer P. Tuley 2091 K
EF602400 Silene kiwuensis (Fr.) F. Jafari, Oxelman et Rabeler A. Gizaw AFR561 ETH
FJ384018 Petrocoptis pyrenaica A. Braun Schneeweiss et al. 6549 WU
FJ384020 Silene hoefftiana Fisch. ex C. A. Mey. Menitskiy and Portenier 1987.VIII4 LE
FJ384027 Atocion armeria (Fedor.) Fedor. B. Frajman and M. Turjak 136972 LJU
FN821100 Silene conica L. Erixon 70 UPS
FN821109 Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. H. C. Prentice D130-2 GB
FN821123 Silene latifolia Poir. H. C. Prentice L80-12 GB
FN821135 Silene macrodonta Boiss. Bengt Oxelman 2441 GB
FN821141 Silene noctiflora L. H. C. Prentice N2-2
JF978554 Silene baccifera (L.) Roth Z387
JX560220 Silene germana J. Gay ex Coss.
KJ918497 Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Clairv S-99
KT695188 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke BIOUG24049-D08
KX450217 Silene phrygia Boiss. MUFE12337
KX757272 Silene waltoni F. N. Williams G. and S. Miehe 03-048-12 Miehe
KX757273 Silene kumaonensis F. N. Williams G. and S. Miehe 01-109-08 Miehe
KX757281 Silene otodonta Franch. Miehe/Huang/Otsu/Tunsu 97-070-18 Miehe
KX757293 Silene joerstadii Wendelbo Hedge and Wendelbo W 8992 GB
KX757295 Silene menziesii Hook. A.R. Kruckeberg 2830 WTU
KX757298 Silene williamsii Britton C. Brochmann and H. H Grundt
KX757313 Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Till s.n. 17.7.2004 WU
KX757314 Silene cordifolia All. Lippert and Merxmueller 17265
KX757317 Silene acutifolia All. Rothmaler 13691 S
KX757323 Silene cryptoneura Stapf Bengt Oxelman 2524 GB
KX757328 Silene ertekinii Aydin et Oxelman Zeynep Aydin 31
KX757332 Silene undulata Aiton Bayliss, Roy Douglas Abbot BS7700 M
KX757416 Silene delicatula Boiss. Bengt Oxelman 2456 GB
KX757421 Silene atocioides Boiss. Bengt Oxelman 1627 GB
KX757424 Silene almolae J. Gay ex Coss. Merxmueller, H. and Lippert, W. 25372 M
KX757445 Silene moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. Ewald and Zetterllund 6278 GB
KX757446 Silene microphylla Boiss. Abbas Gholipour 2
KX757477 Silene pendula L. Bengt Oxelman 2291 GB
KX757528 Silene esquamata W. W. Sm. Podlech, D. 54568 M
KX757542 Silene jeniseensis Willd. H. Solstad and R. Elven 04/1573 O
KX757545 Silene graminifolia Otth Anja Rautenberg 241 UPS
KX757570 Silene alexandri Hillebr. Wood 6036 US
KX757572 Silene hawaiiensis Sherff MW Chase 2013 K
KX757577 Silene lanceolata A.Gray S. Weller 4
KX757579 Silene oreades Boiss. et Heldr. Anja Rautenberg 167 UPS
KX757584 Silene inaperta L. Silva 1688 LD
KX757616 Silene longipetala Vent. Grey-Wilson and Hewer 899 GB
KX757634 Silene pinetorum Boiss. et Heldr. Bengt Oxelman et al 2183 GB
KX757636 Silene echinospermoides Hub.-Mor. Bengt Oxelman 2202 GB
KX757637 Silene reinwardtii Roth T. Engel, Frey and H. Kuerschner 90-223 BSB
KX757644 Silene mentagensis Coss. Jahandiez 329 LD
KX757645 Silene portensis L. Podlech 46825 G
KX757651 Silene banksia (Meerb.) Mabb. S.J. Enander S
KX757657 Silene stockenii Chater Holmdahl 1595 GB
KX757658 Silene littorea Brot. Bengt Oxelman 2589 GB
KX852624 Silene linearifolia Otth IB-13681
LC424050 Silene gallica L. 27286 TUH
LC424056 Silene simsii F. Jafari, Rabeler et Oxelman 39821 TUH
X86827 Silene foetida Link ex Spreng. Bengt Oxelman s.n GB
X86833 Silene odontopetala Fenzl
X86844 Silene corinthiaca Boiss. et Heldr. Bengt Oxelman 1951 GB
X86846 Silene linicola C. C. Gmel. Bengt Oxelman ITS-20605 GB
X86856 Silene scopulorum Franch. KGB 810 GB
X86868 Silene burchellii Otth Bengt Oxelman 2280 GB
HQ585922 Silene viscidula Franch. SV6
X87422 Silene integripetala Bory et Chaub. Jagel 48 B
OQ376973 Silene phoenicodonta Franch. H. C. Wang et al. LQ12915 YUKU
OQ376974 Silene phoenicodonta Franch. F. Yang et al. LP4339 YUKU
OQ376975 Silene phoenicodonta Franch. J. L. Liu et al. LQ14001 YUKU
OQ376976 Silene phoenicodonta Franch. H. C. Wang et al. JC4486 YUKU
OQ376977 Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang et Feng Yang Xiangyun Med. Pl. Exp. 5329230617 YUKU
OQ376978 Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang et Feng Yang Q. P. Wang et al. XY7908 YUKU
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