Research Article |
Corresponding author: İsmail Eker ( tuliphunter@hotmail.com ) Academic editor: Lorenzo Peruzzi
© 2016 İsmail Eker, Hasan Yıldırım, Yusuf Altıoğlu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Eker İ, Yıldırım H, Altıoğlu Y (2016) Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakii (Liliaceae), a new subspecies from southwestern Anatolia. PhytoKeys 69: 65-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.9302
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A new subpecies, Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakiisubsp. nov. (Liliaceae) from Turkey is described. Diagnostic characters, descriptions, detailed illustrations, geographical distribution, conservation status and ecological observations on the new taxon are provided. It is also compared with the closely related Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. cinnabarina.
New taxon, taxonomy, Tulipa , Turkey
In Turkey,
Ayhan Toprak, who is a biologist and “expert of plant conservation areas”, collected an interesting specimen of Tulipa from near Milas district in Muğla province. He sent some interesting pictures of this specimen to us for identification in 2015. In April 2016, we gathered flowering material from the natural population of this plant. As a result of our detailed morphological studies, it was concluded that the collected Tulipa specimens differ from all of the other Tulipa species by their morphological characters except of T. cinnabarina. Although it is close to T. cinnabarina, it is morphologically separated as subspecific rank from T. cinnabarina.
The specimens of the new taxon were collected from their natural habitats in Turkey, and dried according to standard herbarium protocols. Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbaria;
Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakii differs from similar T. cinnabarina subsp. cinnabarina by its smaller anthers, narrower outer perianth segments, outer segments with mostly blackish base or buff colored on all of outer surfaces, and smaller capsul sizes, weakly stoloniferous structure, and 2–4 leaves.
Turkey. Muğla: Milas, on the road of Milas to Akgedik Dam, near Yusufça Village, open slopes and in olive orchard, 457 m, 37°20'7"N; 27°52'6"E, 02 April 2016, H.Yıldırım 3750 & Y. Altıoğlu (holotype
Plant 18.0–39.0 cm. Stem glabrous, stem width 1–2.5 mm, subterranean stem length 7.0–14.0 cm, aerial stem length 7.0–20.0 cm. Weakly stoloniferous or not. Bulb ovoid, 1.5–2.2 × 1.8–2.4 cm. Bulb neck 2.5–7.0 cm. Tunics coriaceous, dark brown, innermost tunics with a ring of short hairs around basal plate and, adpressed, pilose, bristly with longer hairs at neck, middle part glabrous. Leaves 2–4, falcate to erect-patent, lanceolate, canaliculate, glaucous, alternate or ± crowded, leaf margin membranous, glabrous or ciliate, and entire; lowest leaf 13.0–21.0 × 0.7–1.3 cm, subacute; second lowest leaf 10.0–17.0 × 0.4–0.9 cm, acute to subacute. Flower solitary, infundibular, bright dark red to orange red inside and paler red to orange red outside with mostly blackish base or buff colored on all of outer surfaces, mostly no blotch inside, rarely with a very short yellow blotch; outer tepals elliptic, narrowed at base, suacute to acute, glabrous and pubescent only at tip, 27–41 × 6–8 mm; inner tepals elliptic-obovate, narrowed at base, obtuse or obtuse-apiculate, pubescent at tip and distinctly pubescent at base, 29–44 × 10–16 mm. If it is present, outer and inner blotchs 6–10 mm in length; blotch 1/5–1/6 length of segments. Filaments blurred shades of red, orange, yellow or brown, lanceolate and pubescent at base; outer filaments 7.0–11.5 mm, inner ones 8.0–12.5 mm. Anthers 2.5–6.0 × 1.0–1.5 mm when dry, oblong, bluish-black when fresh, apiculate or not. Pollen yellow or orange. Ovary oblong, fusiform or subfusiform, pale green, yellowish-green or reddish-green when fresh, glabrous, 9.0–11.0 × 3.0–5.0 mm. Style short or obscure, 0.5–1.5 × 1.0–2 mm. Stigma pubescent, whitish-yellow or yellow when fresh, 0.5–0.6 × 1.0–1.5 mm. Capsule 1.5–2.0 × 1.0–1.3 cm, elliptic-obovoid to obovoid, glabrous; neck 0.5–1.0 mm, rib 14.0–16.0 mm, beak 2.0–4.0, apicula 0.5–1.0 mm; tepal scar 0.5–1.0 mm. Seeds numerous, flattened with rugose surface, triangular with two rounded angles to orbicular, light brown, 4.0–5.0 × 3.0–4.0 mm, winged.
Habit of T. cinnabarina subsp. toprakii (A) and T. cinnabarina subsp. cinnabarina (B), T. cinnabarina subsp. toprakii (C from Yıldırım 3750 & Altıoğlu), T. cinnabarina subsp. cinnabarina (D from Eker 2030 & 2186), The flower from the exterior (l), The flower from the interior (2), The matured fruit (3).
This new subspecies is named in honour of Ayhan Toprak, who first collected the new species. The Turkish name of this species is given as “Milas Lâlesi”, according to the guidelines of
The occupancy area (AOO) of Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakii was calculated as 0.012 km2 in which about 600−750 individuals were estimated to occur. The individual of new subspecies found in Olea europaea L. orchard. On the other hand, overgrazing by sheep and goat herds and development of new road for mines were observed to be producing negative effects on the surroundings of the known populations, which are seriously threatened habitats of it. These strong anthropic pressures on this new subspecies are responsible for rapid habitat destruction, and they could cause a dramatic decrease of the number of reproductive individuals in the near future. Therefore, in accordance with the criteria of the
Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakii is endemic to west Anatolia (Fig.
We are grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for allowing us access to their Tulipa material for study: