Research Article |
Corresponding author: Song-Dong Zhou ( zsd@scu.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Xing-Jin He ( xjhe@scu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev
© 2022 Jiao-Jiao Deng, Chang-Kun Liu, Song-Dong Zhou, Xing-Jin He.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Deng J-J, Liu C-K, Zhou S-D, He X-J (2022) Morphological and molecular evidence gives insight into the taxonomic position of Peucedanum pubescens (Apiaceae, Selineae). PhytoKeys 213: 19-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.89784
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In this study, morphological and molecular evidences were combined to determine the taxonomic position of Peucedanum pubescens Hand.-Mazz. Morphologically, Peucedanum pubescens is similar to the species of the genus Ligusticopsis in having fibrous remnant sheaths at the stem base, pinnate and linear coexisted bracts, strongly compressed dorsally mericarps, filiform median and lateral ribs, winged marginal ribs, numerous vittae in each furrow and commissure, but can also be easily distinguished from members of Ligusticopsis by its hispid fruit and linear-lanceolate bracteoles. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the single-copy protein-coding sequences (CDS) of plastomes and internal transcribed space (ITS) region showed that Peucedanum pubescens nested in the genus Ligusticopsis. As both morphological and molecular data supported the inclusion of Peucedanum pubescens within Ligusticopsis, the species is here transferred and the new combination, Ligusticopsis pubescens (Hand.-Mazz.) J.J.Deng, C.K.Liu & X.J.He, made.
Apiaceae, Ligusticopsis pubescens, new combination, Peucedanum pubescens
Peucedanum sensu lato was previously characterized by dorsally compressed mericarps with slightly prominent dorsal ribs, narrowly winged lateral ribs, as well as a broad commissure (
Ligusticopsis Leute was described by Leute in 1969 with Ligusticopsis rechingeriana Leute as its type species. The taxonomy of genus has been controversial since its establishment, due to its close morphology to Ligusticum (
Peucedanum pubescens Hand.-Mazz. (1933: 728) was described based on a collection (E00002620) from Yunnan, China, and was an endemic species to China (
The morphological features of Peucedanum pubescens were observed in field. Then, mericarp of this species was observed and photographed using a stereomicroscope, Nikon SMZ 25 (Japan). Furthermore, morphological diagnoses of nine “true species of Ligusticopsis” were obtained from type specimens from K, P, E, WU, BM, GH, KUN, and HNWP, Flora of China (
Total genomic DNA was extracted from silica-dried leaves with plant genomic DNA kit (Cwbio Biosciences, Beijing, China). The universal primers ITS4 (5’-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3’) and ITS5 (5’-GGA AGT AAA AGT CGT AAC AAG G-3’,
The extracted total DNA was fragmented into 400 bp to construct the pair-end library, following the manufacturer’s protocol (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). The DNA libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq platform at Personalbio (Shanghai, China). Quality control of the raw reads was performed using fastP v0.15.0 (-n 10 and -q 15) (
To confirm the phylogenetic position of Peucedanum pubescens, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on single-copy protein-coding sequences (CDS) of 34 plastomes and 36 ITS sequences (Table
Voucher details and GenBank accession numbers of taxa used in this study. A n-dash (–) indicates unavailable information.
Species | Voucher information | Locality | GenBank accession number | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Plastome | ITS | |||
Angelica cartilaginomarginata | 13E-39-3, SZ2006071804 | USA, NIH; China, Yunnan | NC029393 | EU647210 |
Angelic decursiva | 13Q-02-1; v20060825 (SZ) | Korea, Cheongju-si; China, Sichuan | KT781591 | EU418375 |
Angelica gigas | 13E-39-3; SZ744110 | USA, NIH; China, Sichuan | NC029393 | GU395156 |
Angelica laxifoliata | –; 2006071804 (SZ) | China, Sichuan; China, Yunnan | NC040122 | EU647210 |
Angelica nitida | –; 2006080501 (SZ) | China, Qinghai; China, Sichuan | MF594405 | EU418378 |
Bupleurum chinense | –; C.Q. Feng | China, Sichuan | MN893666 | EU001334 |
Bupleurum commelynoideum | –; 2008082002 (SZ) | China, Sichuan | MN893666 | GU269874 |
Chamaesium mallaeanum | –; Strain NLM | China, Sichuan; China, Xizang | MT162552 | KY74426 |
Chamaesium viridiflorum | –; Strain HB | China, Yunnan | MN119373 | KY744260 |
Glehnia littoralis | –; SZ666775 | China, Sichuan | KU921430 | GU395183 |
Hansenia forbesii | –; SZ666939 | China, Sichuan; China, Yunnan | NC034645 | GU390407 |
Hansenia oviformis | –; F22 | China, Sichuan | MT843761 | MT337430 |
Hansenia weberbaueriana | –; J18091701 | China, Sichuan | MN049520 | MN049520 |
Ligusticopsis brachyloba | L081401 (SZ); L0814 (SZ) | China, Chongqing | MZ491174 | MZ497218 |
Ligusticopsis capillacea | RT2019100601 (SZ); XB | China, Yunnan | NC049051 | MT974023 |
Ligusticopsis hispida | RT2019100301 (SZ); L08110501 (SZ) | China, Yunnan | NC049052 | OL600824 |
Ligusticopsis integrifolia | RT2019100202 (SZ); L081003 (SZ) | China, Yunnan | NC049055 | MZ497219 |
Ligusticopsis involucrata | PC2018101905 (SZ); DB14 | China, Yunnan | NC049054 | MT974014 |
Ligusticopsis modesta | L081903 (SZ); L08190301 (SZ) | China, Yunnan | OL547615 | OL600822 |
Ligusticopsis pubescens1 | LCK2020817001 | China, Yunnan | ON872189 | ON870396 |
Ligusticopsis pubescens2 | LCK2020817002 | China, Yunnan | – | ON870397 |
Ligusticopsis pubescens3 | LCK2020817003 | China, Yunnan | – | ON870398 |
Ligusticopsis rechingeriana | L081103 (SZ); L081103 (SZ) | China, Yunnan | MZ491175 | MZ497220 |
Ligusticopsis scapiformis | RT2019082001 (SZ); CT9 | China, Sichuan | NC049057 | MT974012 |
Ligusticopsis wallichiana | LD081506 (SZ); LD08150601 (SZ) | China, Xizang | OL547616 | OL600823 |
Ligusticum delavayi | RT2019100301 (SZ); L08110501 (SZ) | China, Yunnan | NC049052 | OL600824 |
Ligusticum jeholense | –; LGB1 | China, Liaoning; China, Beijing | MT561037 | KJ999437 |
Ligusticum sinense | –; Ge131139 | China, Sichuan; China, Guangdong | NC038088 | MH712648 |
Ligusticum tenuissimum | 13I-08; JKTM-1-000065 | Korea, Cheongju-si; Korea, Anyang-myeon | NC029394 | KP058314 |
Ligusticum thomsonii | RT2019082301 (SZ); CJ (SZ) | China, Sichuan | MT409619 | MT974009 |
Meeboldia yunnanensis | –; G18071908 | China, Yunnan | MK993275 | MN688997 |
Peucedanum ampliatum | JQP19082505 (SZ); NASLQX022 | China, Shanxi; – | OK336475 | JF977799 |
Peucedanum delavayi | SZ YY 062105; YY062105 (SZ) | – | EU418386 | MT843765 |
Peucedanum japonicum | LCK2020001 (SZ); sb1 | China, Sichuan; – | OK336477 | EU224273 |
Peucedanum medicum | LCK2020004 (SZ); SZ66876 | China, Guangxi; – | OK336473 | HQ256686 |
Peucedanum praeruptorum | –; SZ ZXM 001 | – | MN016968 | EU418383 |
Peucedanum pubescens is similar to the species of Ligusticopsis in having fibrous remnant sheaths at the stem base (Fig.
Comparison of morphological characteristics between Peucedanum pubescens and the species of Ligusticopsis.
Characteristics | P. pubescens | L. rechingeriana | L. involucrata | L. hispida | L. integrifolia | L. brachyloba | L. modesta | L. capillacea | L. scapiformis | L. wallichiana |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stem (base) | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant | Fibrous remnant |
Leaves | Pinnate, triangular-ovate | Pinnate, oblong-ovate | Pinnate, oblong-ovate | Pinnate, lanceolate | Pinnate, oblong-ovate | Pinnate, triangular-ovate | Pinnate, oblong-ovate | Pinnate, oblong-ovate | Pinnate, oblong-lanceolate | Pinnate, broadly ovate |
Ultimate segments of leaves | Obovate | Ovate | Linear | Linear | Oblong-ovate or lanceolate | Oblong-ovate or lanceolate | Linear or lanceolate | Obovate | Ovate | Linear |
Bracts | Pinnate and linear coexist | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate and linear coexist | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate |
Bracteoles | linear-lanceolate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate and linear coexist | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate | Pinnate and linear coexist |
Mericarp surface | Hispid | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth | Smooth |
Mericarp shape | ovate or obovate to orbicular | Elliptic to ovate | Elliptic | Elliptic | Elliptic to ovate | Elliptic | Elliptic to oblong | Ovate | Elliptic to ovate | Elliptic |
Calyx teeth | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous | Conspicuous |
Dorsal compression | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Median rib shape | Filiform | Filiform | Filiform | Filiform | Filiform | Keeled | Filiform | Filiform | Filiform | Keeled |
Vittae each furrow | 2–3 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 2–3 | 3–4 | 1–3 | 1–4 | 1–3 |
Commissural vittae | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 4–6 | 6 |
The plastome of Peucedanum pubescens is a typically quadripartite structure, including a large single copy region (LSC), a small single copy region (SSC), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR) (Fig.
The phylogenetic trees based on plastome CDs and ITS were given in Fig.
Peucedanum sensu stricto and Ligusticopsis both belong to the Selineae tribe of Apiaceae, and members of these two genera are similar in the dorsally compressed fruits with filiform dorsal ribs, and winged marginal ribs (
Peucedanum pubescens Hand.-Mazz. (1933: 728).
China. Yunnan centralis: In regionis calide temperatae ad orientem fluminis Dsolin-ho, declivibus siccis inter vicos Mabou schan et Bölu, ad elevationem 1900–2000 m, 9 November 1916, Handel-Mazzetti 13043 (lectotype: WU! (WU0029560); isolectotypes: E (E00002620), W!).
Perennials. Plants 30–70 cm, densely pubescent throughout. Stem solitary, hollow, prominent striated protrusions, branches few, short and stout, base densely clothed with fibrous leaf remains. Basal leaves few; petioles with broadly scarious-margined sheaths; leaf blade triangular-ovate in outline, 8–10 × 8–10 cm, 1–2-pinnate, pinnae sessile or subsessile; ultimate segments obovate, 1–4.5 × 0.8–2 cm, rather thick, both surfaces tomentose, more densely so on abaxial nerves, coarsely serrate or crenate, base cuneate or truncate. Leaves reduced upwards, uppermost very small, 3-lobed or toothed, petioles wholly sheathing. Synflorescence subcorymbosely branched; umbels 2.5–4 cm across; peduncles angled; bracts 6 to 8, pinnate and linear coexist, hispid throughout; rays 10 to 15, subequal, 1–2 cm; bracteoles 5 to 7, linear-lanceolate, longer than flowers; umbellules ca. 10-flowered. Calyx teeth conspicuous, subulate. Petals white, stylopodium conical, styles long, ca. 2 mm. Fruit ovate or obovate to orbicular, ca. 4 × 3 mm, hispid; strong dorsal compression, vittae large, 2–3 in each furrow, 6 on commissure. Seed face plane.
Flowering and fruiting: August to October.
Máo qián hú (Chinese pronunciation), 毛前胡 (Chinese name).
This species is endemic to China and distributed in Yunnan (Lufeng, Luquan, Wuding) and Sichuan (Huili, Miyi) provinces. It grows in alpine meadows, elevation 1900–3000 m.
Ligusticopsis pubescens significantly differs from other Ligusticopsis species by linear-lanceolate bracteoles and hispid fruit.
China. Sichuan: Huili, Hongge, 2200 m, 12 October 1958, Z. He, S.G. Tang & B.Q. Li 11593 (NAS); Panzhihua, Baishapo, 26°35'17"N, 101°59'1"E, 1854 m, 17 August 2021, C.K. Liu LCK2020817001 (SZ).
1 | Fruit hispid | L. pubescens |
– | Fruit smooth | 2 |
2 | Bracteoles pinnate and linear coexist | 3 |
– | Bracteoles pinnate | 4 |
3 | Blade shape broadly ovate; calyx teeth linear | L. wallichiana |
– | Blade shape triangular-ovate; calyx teeth lanceolate | L. brachyloba |
4 | Bracts pinnate and linear coexist; petals white obcordate | L. integrifolia |
– | Bracts pinnate; petals white purplish obcordate | 5 |
5 | Commissural vittae 8 | L. modesta |
– | Commissural vittae 4 to 6 or 6 | 6 |
6 | Plants hispid throughout | 7 |
– | Plants sparsely pilose or glabrous | 8 |
7 | Rays extremely elongated, elongate up to 24 cm; calyx teeth linear | L. hispida |
– | Rays subequal, (1–)3 cm; calyx teeth lanceolate | L. capillacea |
8 | Stem unbranched; vittae per furrow 1 to 4, commissural vittae 4 to 6 | L. scapiformis |
– | Stem usually branched; vittae per furrow1 to 3, commissural vittae 6 | 9 |
9 | Ultimate leaf segments oblong-ovate; mericarp elliptic | L. involucrata |
– | Ultimate leaf segments ovate; mericarp elliptic to ovate | L. rechingeriana |
We are grateful to Ziyoviddin Yusupov for his assistance in revising the English. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32170209, 32070221, 31872647), National Herbarium of China, National Herbarium resources teaching specimen database (Grant No. 2020BBFK01).