Research Article |
Corresponding author: Sandro Bogdanović ( sbogdanovic@agr.hr ) Academic editor: Pieter Pelser
© 2022 Sandro Bogdanović, Igor Boršić, Ivica Ljubičić, Salvatore Brullo, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Bogdanović S, Boršić I, Ljubičić I, Brullo S, Giusso del Galdo G (2022) Centaurea lovricii, a new species of C. sect. Centaurea (Asteraceae) from Croatia. PhytoKeys 214: 97-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.214.89404
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A new species, Centaurea lovricii, is described and illustrated from the island of Vis (Dalmatia, Croatia). It occurs on northwest-facing calcareous cliffs near the sea, where it grows with several other rare endemic species. Centaurea lovricii is morphologically similar to C. glaberrima and C. divergens of C. sect. Centaurea, from which it differs in having more succulent leaves with larger and less incised leaflets, bigger capitula, larger phyllaries with more developed appendages and denser and undulate fimbriae, larger florets, bigger achenes, and longer pappus. Its morphological features, distribution, ecology, conservation status and taxonomic affinities are examined. In addition, a new iconography and lectotypification for C. glaberrima and C. divergens is provided.
Adriatic region, Balkan flora, Centaurea, Croatia, morphology, new species, taxonomy
The genus Centaurea L. is one of the largest genera in the family Asteraceae. In its current circumscription as a natural group, it includes about 250 species (
According to the literature (
During field investigations focused on the flora of the Dalmatian islands (Croatia) a peculiar chasmophilous population of Centaurea growing on the cliffs of the island of Vis was found. Previously, it was examined by
For this morphological study, we examined 90 herbarium specimens and scanned images of specimens from several, also virtual, herbaria (BEO, BEOU, BP, BUNS, CAT, CNHM, K, MW, P, PAD, PI, PRC, SARA, U, W, WU, ZA, ZAGR and ZAHO). The herbarium acronyms follow
Centaurea glaberrima var. issaea Lovrić, Taxon 31(4): 763, 1982 (nom. nud.).
Centaurea issaea Lovrić, Pos. izd. Muz. grada Šibenika 10: 191, 1983 (nom. nud.).
Perennial herb, with several stems, sterile leaf-rosettes and woody rootstock. Stems erect, glabrous, striate, shiny green, 25–50 cm long, not winged, laxly branched. Basal leaves fleshy, shiny green, glabrous, 1–2 pinnatisect, 7–20 cm × 5–40 mm; leaflets 5–15 per side, lanceolate, linear-lanceolate to linear, or oblong lanceolate, 5–30 × 0.8–5(–10) mm, often the terminal ones lanceolate and up to 10 mm wide; young leaves oblong lanceolate with entire margin or with few lateral teeth; petioles 5–55 mm long. Median and upper cauline leaves similar to basal ones, sessile or subsessile, 1(-2) pinnatisect, 1.5–12 × 0.5–3 cm; leaflets 1–12 per side, linear-lanceolate to linear, margins entire. Synflorescence laxly paniculate, with 7–30 solitary capitula. Peduncles 1–20 cm long, apex clavate, bracts 1–8, entire. Involucre ovoid, 13–15 × 8–12 mm. Phyllaries straw-coloured, glabrous, coriaceous, dorsally with 3–7 nerves; the outer ones ovate, 6.5–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm; the median ones ovate-oblong, 10–15 × 3.5–4.5 mm; the innermost linear, 12.5–15 × 2–2.8 mm; phyllary appendages well-developed, triangular to orbicular, dark brown, appressed, densely fimbriate with 7–10 pairs of undulate fimbriae, 0.3–1.7 mm long, ending with a terminal acute tooth. Florets pink-purplish. Outermost florets sterile; corolla tube glabrous, 7.5–9 mm long; corolla lobes linear, irregular, 7.5–11.5 mm long. Disc florets fertile; corolla tube 10–11.5 mm long; corolla lobes linear, equal, 5 mm long. Stamens 12.5–13.5 mm long; filaments 4.5–5 mm long; anthers 8–8.5 mm long, dark violet. Style 16–16.5 mm long, ciliate at apex; stigmas 1.5 mm long. Achenes oblong, 2.6–3 × 1.4–1.5 mm, glabrous, dark brown up to the apex, with several irregular straw-coloured longitudinal ridges. Pappus obscurely biseriate, whitish, with bristles 0.6–2.3 mm long.
This species is dedicated to the Croatian botanist Andrija–Željko Lovrić (1943–2018), who was the first to collect it and consider it as a new species.
Centaurea lovricii flowers from May to late June, and fruits from late June to July.
This new species grows along the northern coast between Dragodid Bay and Oključina Bay of the island of Vis in Dalmatia, Croatia (Fig.
The single population of C. lovricii is composed of fewer than 1000 scattered mature individuals, so it can be considered Vulnerable (VU D1) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
According to
Within Centaurea subsect. Centaurea, C. lovricii is most similar to C. glaberrima, particularly in the morphology of its capitula and phyllaries. Centaurea glaberrima is a species occurring in several localities in the north-western Balkans (
Main diagnostic features of Centaurea lovricii, C. glaberrima and C. divergens.
C. lovricii | C. glaberrima | C. divergens | |
---|---|---|---|
Stem | glabrous, shiny, 25–50 cm long, | glabrous, dull, 25–80 cm long, | hispid, dull, 25–100 cm long, |
Basal leaves | fleshy, robust, glabrous, 1–2 pinnatisect, 7–20 cm long, with leaflets lanceolate to linear, 5–30 × 0.8–5 mm, the terminal one up to 10 mm wide | thin, rigid, glabrous, 1–3 pinnatisect, 8–15 cm long, with leaflets linear-filiform, 2–15 × 0.5–0.8(–2) mm | thin, rigid, hispid, 1–3 pinnatisect, 8–20 cm long, with leaflets linear-filiform, 2–15 × 0.5–0.8(–2) mm |
Cauline leaves | 1.5–12 cm long, 1–12 leaflets per side, linear lanceolate to linear | 0.5–5 cm long, 1–15 leaflets per side, linear-filiform | 0.5–7 cm long, 1–10 leaflets per side, linear-filiform |
Synflorescence | laxly branched, with 7–30 capitula | laxly paniculate, very branched, with (15)50–80 capitula | densely paniculate, very branched, with 15–80 capitula |
Capitula | solitary, involucre 13–15 × 8–12 mm, with peduncle 1–20 cm long | solitary to grouped, involucre 6–8.5(–10) × 4.5–5.5 mm, with peduncle 0.3–6 cm long | solitary to grouped, involucre 6–10 × 4–6.5 mm, with peduncle 0.2–7 cm long |
Phyllaries | 6.5–15 × 2–4.5 mm, with appendages triangular to orbicular, dark-brown, densely fimbriate with 7–10 pairs of undulate fimbriae 0.3–1.7 mm long | 2.5–8 × 1.2–2.6 mm, with appendages triangular to orbicular, straw-coloured often tinged with pale-brown, 4–8 pairs of lax and more or less straight fimbriae, which are 0.3–1(–1.5) mm long | 3–8 × 1.4–2.2 mm, with appendages triangular, straw-coloured, tinged with pale-brown, 3–6 pairs of lax and more or less straight fimbriae, which are 0.2–2 mm long |
Corolla of outermost sterile florets | tube 7.5–9 mm long, lobes 7.5–11.5 mm long | tube 6–6.5 mm long, lobes 2–4.1 mm long | tube 5.5–6 mm long, lobes 3–6 mm long |
Corolla of disc florets | tube 10–11.5 mm long, lobes 5 mm long | tube 5–6 mm long, lobes 2–2.5 mm long | tube 6.5–7.5 mm long, lobes 3–3.3 mm long |
Stamens | 12.5–13.5 mm long, with filament 4.5–5 mm long and anthers 8–8.5 mm long | 7.5–9.8 mm long, with filaments 5.3–5.8 mm long and anthers 2.2–4 mm long | 10–10.5 mm long, with filaments 5–5.5 mm long and anthers 5 mm long |
Style | 16–16.5 mm long | 7.5–8.3 mm long | 10 mm long |
Stigma | 1.5 mm long | 1.25 mm long | 1.2 mm long |
Achenes | 2.6–3 × 1.4–1.5 mm, glabrous, dark-brown up to the apex | 2.5–2.7 × 1–1.2 mm, glabrous, dark-brown with straw-coloured strip above | 2.3–2.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, sparsely hairy, dark-brown with straw-coloured strip above |
Pappus | obscurely 2-seriate, with bristles 0.6–2.3 mm long | 2-seriate, with bristles 0.2–0.8 mm long | 2-seriate, with bristles 0.2–1.1 mm long |
Another morphologically similar species is C. divergens (Fig.
A nomenclatural overview and lectotype designation for C. glaberrima and C. divergens, species closely related to C. lovricii, are here provided:
Centaurea punctata Vis., Flora 12: 23, 1829. Type: Croatia. In agris sterilibus Dalm. [Dalmatia] montanae (prope Duare), Visiani s.n. (lectotype, designated here: PAD – HD02644).
Croatia. e Dalmat. [Dalmatia], s.d., Sieber s.n. (lectotype, central specimen designated here: PRC).
Figs
According to
Acosta divergens (Vis.) Soják, Čas. Nár. Muz. Odd. Přir. Prague 140: 134, 1972. Type. Based on Centaurea divergens Vis.
Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 260, 1931. Type. Based on Centaurea divergens Vis.
Centaurea glaberrima var. divergens (Vis.) Malý, Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine Sarajevu. Prir. Nauke 40(1): 122, 1928 Type. Based on Centaurea divergens Vis.
Centaurea petteri Rchb.f., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 15: 36, 1852. Type. Croatia. Auf dem Monte Mossor Dalm., June, Reichenbach fil. s.n. (W1889-0292916).
Croatia. In apricis montium Lesina, s.d., Stalio 448 (lectotype, designated here: PAD – HD02637).
Centaurea divergens was described from the island of Hvar in central Dalmatia by
Fig.
According to
Centaurea lovricii (paratypes): Croatia. Split-Dalmatia County, island of Vis, Kraljičina špilja, vertical rocks, 26 April 2010, S. Bogdanović & Z. Liber s.n. (ZAGR); Dalmazia, Isola di Vis, Oključina, pereti rocciosi sopra il mare, 25 May 2011, S. Bogdanović, S. Brullo & G. Giusso s.n. (CAT, ZAGR); Island of Vis, Oključina, vertical cliffs, 12 June 2010, S. Bogdanović & I. Boršić s.n. (ZAGR); Island of Vis, Oključina, vertical cliffs, 23 May 2010, S. Bogdanović s.n. (ZAGR). Centaurea glaberrima: Albania. District of Shkodër, Rera e Hedhur E of village Baks-Rrjoll, on the slope of Mts Mali i Rencit, on limestone rocks, 41.83324°N, 19.53921°E, 76 m a.s.l., 5 August 2011, Z. Barina & G. Somogyi 19743 (BP761381); District of Shkodër, in mountain Maja e Zezë above village Baks-Rrjoll, in dry grassland, on limestone, 41.85733°N, 19.50846°E, 248 m a.s.l.; 4 May 2014, Z. Barina, D. Pifkó & G. Puskás 23227 (BP767834). Croatia. Flora Dalmatica, In rupibus promontorii Punta Spezerea pr. 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1 | Stem with 7–30 capitula; basal leaves fleshy, shiny, leaflets lanceolate to linear (0.8–10 mm wide); involucre 13–15 mm long, 8–12 mm wide; phyllaries up to 15 mm long, appendages dark-brown, fimbriae dense; outermost florets with lobes 7.5–11.5 mm long; pappus bristles up to 2.3 mm long | C. lovricii |
– | Stems with up to 80 capitula; basal leaves rigid, dull, leaflets linear-filiform (0.5–2 mm wide); involucre 6–10 mm long, 4–6.5 mm wide; phyllaries up to 8 mm long, appendages straw-coloured tinged with pale brown, fimbriae sparse; outermost florets with lobes 2–6 mm long; pappus up to 1.1 mm long | 2 |
2 | Leaves glabrous; fimbriae on phyllaries up to 1(–1.5) mm long; disc floret tube 5–6 mm long and lobes 2–2.5 mm long; pappus bristles up to 0.8 mm long | C. glaberrima |
– | Leaves hispid; fimbriae on phyllaries up to 2 mm long; disc floret tube 6.5–7.5 mm long and lobes 3–3.3 mm long; pappus bristles up to 1.1 mm long | C. divergens |
We thank the curators of BEO, BEOU, BP, BUNS, CAT, CNHM, K, MW, P, PAD, PI, PRC, SARA, U, W, WU, ZA, ZAGR and ZAHO for enabling the examination of their herbarium specimens. We especially would like to thank Patrik Mráz (PRC) and Rossella Marcucci (PAD) for searching type specimens in their collections. Prof. Sandro Bogdanović would like to thank the University of Zagreb, Programme of Academic Mobility for partial funding of this research and the Erasmus+ programme for facilitating the collaboration with Prof. Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo from the University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences.