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Corresponding author: Renata Piwowarczyk ( renata.piwowarczyk@ujk.edu.pl ) Academic editor: Eberhard Fischer
© 2021 Ümit Subaşı, Óscar Sánchez Pedraja, Renata Piwowarczyk.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Subaşı Ü, Sánchez Pedraja Ó, Piwowarczyk R (2021) Phelypaea boissieri f. lutea (Orobanchaceae), a peculiar new form from Turkey and typification of the name of this species. PhytoKeys 186: 159-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.186.77575
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The genus Phelypaea includes three holoparasite species with one of the most intense red flowers among all plants worldwide. So far, there are few references to other colour taxa of this genus. We describe a new yellow-coloured form, Phelypaea boissieri f. lutea, from Hakkari province in the Cilo Mountains of SE Turkey, found at an altitude of 2,470 m. In typical P. boissieri, here typified by us, the flowers are deeply red, and stems, calyx and scales are red to brown, or rarely pale-brown, whereas in the entire population of f. lutea the corolla, calyx, and scales are yellow to orange with black folds in the corolla, while only the stem is brownish.
Forma nova, lectotype, Orobanchaceae, Phelypaea, SE Turkey, synonyms, typification
The genus Phelypaea L. (≡ Diphelypaea Nicolson, nom. illeg.) (Orobanchaceae) includes three holoparasite species: P. coccinea (M. Bieb.) Poir., P. boissieri (Reut.) Stapf, and P. tournefortii Desf., whose parasitise Asteraceae hosts. P. coccinea occurs in the Caucasus and Crimea, and is a parasite of Psephellus Cass. and Centaurea L., rarely Klasea Cass., while P. tournefortii occurs in the Caucasus and Turkey, and is a parasite of Tanacetum L. (
Species from the genus Phelypaea are achlorophyllous and possess one of the most intense red flowers among all plants worldwide. A recent study on P. tournefortii showed that anthocyanins were found in unprecedented large quantities in the flowers, as well as large amounts of polyphenols, especially eukovoside (
So far, there have been few references to colour forms other than red in the genus Phelypaea in the literature. One of them is P. coccinea f. aurantiaca Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 261 (1930), which was described from Karabakh in the Caucasus based on material collected by Radde as having an orange corolla (“aurantiaco”). Another non-red colour form is P. helenae Popl., described from Alushta in Crimea (“corolla orange-yellow”) and, according to
In this paper, we typify P. boissieri and indicate its synonyms, and besides, describe a new yellowish-coloured form from Turkey.
Phelypaea boissieri (Reut.) Stapf in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915, 6: 291 (1915 [17 Aug 1915]).
Basionym: Anoplanthus biebersteinii var. boissieri Reut. in DC., Prodr. 11: 42 (1847 [25 Nov 1847]).
Type: lectotype (here designated): 1. “Orobanche / Cadmus [Mount Cadmus / Topçambaba Dağı / Baba Dağı / Baba Dagh, Aydın Province? or, more likely, mont Honaz / mont Cadmus / Honaz Dağı, Denizli Province?] ad or. Denisleh [to the east Denizli] Jun” [m. Boissier]. – 2. “A. coccineus”. – 3. “Syntypes / Anoplanthus biebersteinii var. boissieri Reut.” (G-Boiss G00150150 [Fig.
Isolectotypes: idem (G-Boiss G00150150 [Fig.
Isosyntypes: 1. “Caria [Karia], C. Pinard, 1843”. – 2. “Syntypes / Anoplanthus biebersteinii var. boissieri Reut.” (G-Boiss G00150149 [two specimens of a single gathering, which are attached to its host-plant]); 1. “Caria [Karia], C. Pinard, 1843”. – 2. “A. biebersteinii”. – 3. “Anoplanthus biebersteinii Reut. / in DC. prod. 11 p. 42 / Phelipaea biebersteinii Fisch. / Anoplon –– C.A. Mey. / Orobanche coccinea Pers. / Lathraea phelipaea β Linn. / –– β. Boissieri Reut. in DC. prod.”. – 4. “Syntypes / Anoplanthus biebersteinii var. boissieri Reut.” (G00096074 - hb. Reuter-Barbey [Fig.
Homotypic synonyms: Diphelypaea boissieri (Reut.) Nicolson in Taxon, 24 (5–6): 654 (1975), nom. illeg.
Phelypaea coccinea var. boissieri (Reut.) Beck in Engl., Pflanzenr. 96: 43 (1930)
Diphelypaea coccinea var. boissieri (Reut.) Uhlich in Kochia 9: 83 (2015), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic synonyms: Anoplanthus coccineus var. nigrovittatus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4(2): 494 (1879 [Apr-May 1879]) [“A. coccineus γ nigrovittatus”] (
Phelypaea coccinea var. boissieri f. septemfida Gilli in Feddes Repert. 46: 47 (1939) [“Calyx irregulariter septemfidus”]. Ind. loc.: “Nord-Iran [Iran / Persia]: Nördlich vom Kendewan-Paß [Kendavan Pass / Gardaneh-ye Kandovān, 36°9'0"N, 51°18'0"E, Māzandarān, Alborz / Alburz / Elburz / Elborz Mountains] an einem Abhang unweit des Tunnelbaues, 1800 m; 8.VII.1936.”
The species typified here was described by Reuter, with the rank of var., on the basis of collections made in western Anatolia (Turkey): Mount Cadmus by Boissier and Caria by Pinard (
This new taxon is very similar to typical Phelypaea boissieri, and is compliant with morphometric characteristics in the description of the plant after
Turkey. C10 Hakkâri: Merkez district, Kırıkdağ village, Gümüşlü location (Kurdish: Spixane). Cilo Mountains, subalpine grasslands and meadows, ca. 2,470 m alt., 10 June 2021, Ü. Subaşı s.n. (holotype and isotypes ANK!).
This taxon is known exclusively from the type locality. The Cilo (Glacial) Mountains (Cilo (Buzul) Dağı) are part of the Hakkâri Dağları range and include the third highest peak of Turkey with an altitude of 4,135 meters. Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region, the easternmost extension of the Southeast Taurus Mountains, is located within the borders of Hakkari province. The locality of P. boissieri f. lutea is located in Hakkari province, Kırıkdağ village, Gümüşlü location (Kurdish: Spixane). This area is located around Mt Uludoruk (Reşko 4,135 m), at an altitude of approximately 2,470 meters. In this area dominated by high mountain steppe plants, the bedrock consists mainly of tectonic deposits and limestone. It is approximately 20 km from any settlements. Parasitising Centaurea, probably C. persica Boiss. (new host-plant). Phenology - flowering end of June to July, fruiting July to August. The population size is small, over a dozen individuals. The number of individuals counted in the area is fewer than 100. The entire population in this locality is formed by higher plants than the type with yellow corolla. In the future, research into the cause, phytochemical composition, ecological importance and adaptation, and also into pollinators of typical red Phelypaea individuals and yellow-orange ones could shed new light on this topic.
The form name originated from the yellow to orange colouring of plants.
There are also photos of a yellow flower belonging to P. boissieri in Internet sources [https://www.flickr.com/photos/camerar/2887571252/ and http://www.agaclar.net/forum/1296397-post1573.htm]. The photos, respectively, were taken in SE Turkey by Karen Nichols in 26 June 2008, possibly in the same Hakkari province, but no more detailed location data is available, and Hakkari-Mergan-Yaylası (Mergan Plateau) by Güngör Salman in 16 June 2014 [http://www.agaclar.net/forum/1296397-post1573.htm], as well as from Yüksekova/Hakkari by Leoš Smutný in 13 May 2014 [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/71616618]. We are also aware of a near mention (“Yüksekova [Gever / Gawar], 1950 m, 23 v 1966, Eiselt!”) (
The authors thank the curators of herbaria (ANK, JE, P and very especially to G) and other individuals who kindly made their data on the species available. This work was partially financed by the Research Projects of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce no. SUPB. RN.21.244 (2020–2021) for Renata Piwowarczyk.