Research Article |
Corresponding author: Truong Van Do ( dovantruong_bttn@yahoo.com ) Academic editor: Alan Paton
© 2022 Khuong Duy Le, Thanh Trung Nguyen, Phuong Thanh Nguyen, Thao Thi Hoang, Fang Wen, Truong Van Do.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Le Duy K, Trung Thanh N, Thanh Phuong N, Thi Thao H, Wen F, Do TV (2022) Oreocharis phuongii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from central Vietnam. PhytoKeys 193: 43-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.77083
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Oreocharis phuongii, a new species of Gesneriaceae from central Vietnam, is described and illustrated here. The new species is most similar to O. longifolia by sharing peduncles up to 22 cm long, bracts 2, zygomorphic, yellow flowers with tubular corolla, stamens 4 with two pairs of coherent anthers and capsules up to 6 cm long. It mainly differs from the latter by the combination of some morphological characters of leaves (shape, base, apex and margin), size of calyx lobes, indumentum of corolla tube and inner surface of three lower corolla lobes. Detailed morphological description together with colour illustration, information on phenology, distribution, ecology, preliminarily conservation status of the new species and comparison with its similar species are also presented.
Annamite Range, Didymocarpoideae, endemic to Vietnam, Flora of Vietnam, limestone flora, new taxon
The genus Oreocharis Bentham (Gesneriaceae DC), prior to recent phylogenetic work, comprised ca. 28 species, mainly distributed in southern China (
Prior to this work, eight species of Oreocharis were known from Vietnam, of which seven new species were described from the country since 2017, i.e. O. caobangensis T.V.Do, Y.G.Wei & F.Wen (
While revising the taxonomy of Gesneriaceae for the Flora of Vietnam, we have conducted numerous field investigations throughout the country and collected some interesting Gesneriaceae specimens from two populations in some protected forest areas within the Annamite Range in central Vietnam. These specimens are characterised by leaves in a basal rosette, 2-paired stamens, ring-like disc and loculicidal capsules. Due to the above characteristics, we determined that these specimens belong to Oreocharis s.l. Detailed morphological comparisons with the protologues and type specimens of all previously-described species of Oreocharis s.l. (
Vietnam. Thua Thien Hue Province, Nam Dong District, Thuong Lo Commune, Bach Ma National Park, on moist rocks under evergreen broad-leaved forests, 16°07'56.5"N 107°45'03.2"E, ca. 545 m alt., 21 Nov 2019, Do Van Truong ĐVT 368 (holotype: VNMN!; isotypes: IBK!, VNMN!).
The new species is morphologically similar to O. longifolia W.H.Chen in having peduncles up to 22 cm long, bracts 2, zygomorphic, yellow flowers with tubular corolla, stamens 4 and capsules up to 6 cm long; but it differs from the latter in its elliptic to ovate lamina (vs. narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate), cuneate to nearly rounded leaf base (vs. attenuate), obtuse to almost rounded leaf apex (vs. acute), crenulate margin (vs. serrulate), 3–4.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm calyx lobe size (vs. 5–7 × 2–3 mm), glabrous inner surface of corolla tube (vs. sparsely glandular puberulent with dark-purple striations) and exclusively yellow inner surface of three lower lobes without dots and striations (vs. brown to brownish-yellow with purple dots and striations).
Perennial acaulescent herbs, with conspicuous 12–14 cm long stolons, densely brown woolly, with (6–)8–14 leaves in a basal rosette. Petioles 1–3 cm long, densely brown villous. Leaf-blade elliptic to ovate, 4–7 × 2–2.8 cm, base cuneate to nearly rounded, apex obtuse to almost rounded, margin crenulate, adaxially dark-green, densely grey puberulous, abaxially pale-green, densely grey puberulous and browner appressed villous on main veins, secondary veins pinnate, 4–5 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate, lightly sunken on adaxial surface and conspicuously prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescences cymose, subumbel-like, axillary, 2–3 cymes, each 1–3-flowered; peduncles 12–19(–22) cm long, erect, brown, sparsely villous to pubescent; bracts 2, linear-lanceolate to elliptic, 2–5 × 1.5–2 mm, outside with sparse, brown hairs, inside glabrescent, margin entire; pedicels 2–3 cm long, with sparse, brown hairs, sometimes bearing additional bracts at 1/2 to upper 1/3 of pedicel length, similar in size and morphology with bracts at branching points. Calyx equally 5-lobed, free to base, lobes triangular to lanceolate, 3–4.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, both surfaces with a dense covering of long gland-tipped and eglandular hairs, margin entire. Corolla, zygomorphic, yellow, bilabiate, outside sparsely pubescent, inside glabrous; tube tubular, 28–30 × 12–13 mm, abrubtly constricted at base, 8–9 × 2.5–3 mm; upper lip slightly 2-lobed; lobes ovate, 5–7 × 4.5–5 mm, incurved backwards, apex obtuse to acute; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes elliptic, broadly ovate to semi-orbicular; lateral lobes 8–9 × 5–6 mm; middle lobe broader than lateral lobes, 8–10 × 6–7.5 mm, apex obtuse to acute or rounded. Stamens 4, anthers coherent in two pairs, filaments linear, glabrous; filaments of upper pair 15–17 mm long, adnate at 7–8 mm from the base of corolla tube; filaments of lower pair 1.1–1.3 cm long, adnate at 9–10 mm from the base of corolla tube; anthers reniform, 1–1.5 mm long, basifixed, glabrous; staminode absent. Disc ca. 1.3 mm in height, margin orbicular, glabrous. Pistil 21–26 mm long; ovary ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diam., glabrescent; style 17–22 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diam., pubescent, longer than upper pair of filaments when mature; stigma bilobed, V-shaped, 1–1.5 mm long, glabrous. Capsules linear-oblong, straight, 5–6(–8) × ca. 0.3 cm, glabrous to glabrescent, loculicidal.
Oreocharis phuongii sp. nov. (A–J) A habitat B habit showing cymose inflorescence C adaxial leaf surface D abaxial leaf surface E–F structure of floral parts (two pairs of anther and filament indicated by a white arrow; shape of pistil indicated by a green arrow) G frontal view of opened flower showing backwards incurved upper lobes, glabrous inner surface of three lower lobes and a bilobed matured stigma longer than stamens (indicated by a blue arrow) H lateral view of opened flower I close-up of opened flower (in frontal view) J close-up of 2-paired stamens; O. longifolia (K–M) K habit L frontal view of opened flower showing brown to brownish-yellow inner surface of three lower lobes with dark-purple striations M lateral view of an opened flower. A–J photos by Do Van Truong K–M photos by Nicholas Turland.
The specific epithet honours Prof. Dr. Vu Xuan Phuong who has contributed significantly to our understanding of Gesneriaceae in Vietnam.
Flowering was observed from October to November. Fruiting may occur from November to December.
The new species is currently known from some protected forest areas (viz. Dakrong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province and Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Province) within the Annamite Range, central Vietnam (Fig.
Two large-sized populations of Oreocharis phuongii were found in the core-zones of Dakrong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province and Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Province, central Vietnam, which are almost entirely covered by primary forest and are well protected. Furthermore, our field observations of these populations indicated that there are many healthy individuals and seedlings that regenerate in well-protected habitats and there is no immediate threat to the populations from human activities. Thus, the new species is probably not at risk in the near future. This species is preliminarily assessed as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Categories and Criteria (
In the size and shape of the corolla and the structure of inflorescences, O. phuongii is similar to some species with the acaulescent and rosette-forming stems of the formerly circumscribed Briggsia, which previously comprised ca. 30 species and four varieties and was mainly distributed in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar and Vietnam (
Detailed morphological comparisons of Oreocharis phuongii with O. longifolia.
Characters | O. phuongii sp.nov. | O. longifolia* |
---|---|---|
Stems | with conspicuous stolons | without stolons |
Leaves | ||
lamina | elliptic to ovate | narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate |
base | cuneate to nearly rounded | attenuate |
apex | obtuse to almost rounded | acute |
margin | crenulate | serrulate |
Cymes | 1–3-flowered | 1–10-flowered |
Peduncle length (cm) | 12–19(–22) | 5.5–22 |
Calyx | ||
shape | equally 5-lobed, lobes triangular to lanceolate | subequally 5-lobed, lobes ovate |
size (mm) | 3–4.5 × 1.5–1.8 | 5–7 × 2–3 |
Corolla | ||
tube size (cm) | 2.8–3 × 1.2–1.3 | (1–)1.8–2.3 × 0.8–1.6 |
outer surface of tube | sparsely pubescent | densely trichomes |
inner surface of tube | glabrous without striations | sparsely glandular puberulent with purple striations |
inner surface of three lower lobes | exclusively yellow without dots and striations | brown to brownish-yellow with purple dots and striations |
Distribution | Central Vietnam | South-western China and northern Myanmar |
This new species is the first record of the genus Oreocharis occurring in central Vietnam, which raised the species number of Oreocharis in Vietnam to nine. Amongst the nine known Oreocharis species from Vietnam, the new species shares the yellow to orange corolla with five other species: O. aurea, O. argyrophylla, O. grandiflora, O. longituba and O. tribracteata (
Vietnam. Quang Tri Province, Dakrong District, Dakrong Nature Reserve, on moist shady cliffs on the humus-rich limestone hills, 16°29'50.97"N, 107°00'09.25"E, 650 m alt., 18 Oct 2019, Do Van Truong ĐVT 362 (VNMN).
1 | Corolla tube urceolate, corolla less than 2.5 cm long; anthers free | Oreocharis aurea |
– | Corolla tube funnel-shaped to tubular, corolla more than 2.5 cm long; anthers coherent in pairs | 2 |
2 | Corolla tube tubular, abruptly constricted near base | Oreocharis phuongii |
– | Corolla tube funnel-shaped to narrowly funnel-shaped | 3 |
3 | Calyx lobes divided to about 2/3 of their length; bracts 3 | Oreocharis tribracteata |
– | Calyx lobes free to base or almost so; bracts 2 | 4 |
4 | Leaf base cordate | Oreocharis longituba |
– | Leaf base cuneate to nearly rounded | 5 |
5 | Petiole less than 3 cm long; leaf margin crenate; corolla 3.3–3.6 cm long, deep orange | Oreocharis grandiflora |
– | Petiole 4–9 cm long; leaf margin serrulate towards apex; corolla 2.5–3.1 cm long, yellow | Oreocharis argyrophylla |
We would like to thank the staff at Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Province and Dakrong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam, for their assistance during our fieldwork. We are also grateful to the curators of the following herbaria: HN, HNU, IBK, IBSC, K, KUN, L, LE, MO, NY, P, PE, SYS, VN and VNMN for their permission to work on their Oreocharis collections. We are also grateful to Stephen Maciejewski, The Gesneriad Society and Michael LoFurno, Adjunct Professor, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA, for their editorial assistance and Nicholas Turland for sharing photos of Oreocharis longifolia. This study was financially supported by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) (106.03-2019.308).