Research Article |
Corresponding author: Pablo Moroni ( pmoroni@darwin.edu.ar ) Academic editor: James Cohen
© 2021 Pablo Moroni, Agustina Martínez, Michael G. Simpson.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Moroni P, Martínez A, Simpson MG (2021) Nomenclatural revision of Cryptantha (Boraginaceae s. str.) names linked to South American taxa. PhytoKeys 181: 29-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.69740
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During the preparation of the treatment of the genus Cryptantha Lehmann ex G. Don for South America, numerous names were identified as needing typification to stabilize their nomenclature. As a result, lectotypes are designated for 11 names and second-step lectotypes for 20 names. Furthermore, supporting information about the type material of the basionyms of four Cryptantha names already typified by Johnston (Eritrichium talquinum Phil., Eritrichium dimorphum Phil., Eritrichium carrizalense Phil., and Eritrichium subamplexicaule Phil.) is provided.
Boraginaceae, Johnston, nomenclature, Philippi, typification
Boraginaceae (sensu
As in the case of several other South American genera (e.g.,
Almost all of the currently accepted South American taxa of Cryptantha were treated by
Despite the taxonomic effort of the works mentioned above, the treatments proposed lack clarifications on nomenclatural subjects concerning the taxa studied, all of which constitute a non-trivial prerequisite to any comprehensive revisionary work. In light of this, the nomenclature of “one of the largest and most perplexing genera of the Boraginaceae” (
In order to resolve typifications, the protologues of the treated taxa were studied and key literature (e.g.,
Concerning the names described by the Prussian botanist R. A. Philippi, who greatly contributed to the taxonomic knowledge of Cryptantha in South America (
Lectotypes are here selected for 11 names, whereas 20 names already typified by
Type designations are organized into a single treatment arranged by accepted species, with a full accounting of homotypic synonyms, followed by the heterotypic synonyms (and their homotypic synonyms) in need of typification, and a discussion of the typification/s involved. Concerning numerous specimens currently found at GH, they mainly consist of fragments removed by Johnston from sheets at P and SGO; Amsinckia patagonica Speg. and Cryptantha argentea I.M. Johnst. constitute the only exception in which the material lodged at GH consist of whole specimens.
≡ Eritrichium alfalfalis Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 525. 1895. Type: Chile. [Región Metropolitana de Santiago:] Río Colorado, Jan. 1888, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium rigidum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 529. 1895. Cryptantha rigida (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile 5: 224. 1907. Type: Chile. [Región Metropolitana de Santiago:] Río Colorado, Jan. 1888, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
Rudolph A.
The protologue of Eritrichium rigidum (Philippi, 1895) includes a direct reference to a collection made by R. A. Philippi in the valley of the Colorado River in Chile.
≡ Eritrichium alyssoides A. DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 10: 131. 1846. Krynitzkia alyssoides (A. DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 280. 1885. Type: Chile. Región del Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins: Talcaregué, 1833, C. Gay s.n. (holotype: G [G00204936 digital image!]).
= Eritrichium gilliesii Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 43: 517. 1873. Cryptantha gilliesii (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile 5: 229. 1907. Type: Chile. Región Metropolitana de Santiago: Valle del Yeso, Jan. 1866, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium talquinum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 517. 1895. Cryptantha talquina (Phil.) Brand, Pflanzenr. (Engler) [Heft 97] 4, Fam. 252: 32. 1931. Type: Chile. Región del Maule: Talca, Feb. 1879, F. Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated by
In describing Eritrichium gilliesii,
The original material of Eritrichium talquinum, as referred to by
≡ Eritrichium apricum Phil., Linnaea 33: 190. 1864. Type: Chile. Región de Valparaíso: Catemu, Sep. 1860, R.A. Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated here: SGO [SGO000004035 digital image!]).
= Eritrichium bridgesii Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 515. 1895. Cryptantha bridgesii (Phil.) Brand, Pflanzenr. (Engler) [Heft 97] 4, Fam. 252: 30. 1931. Type: Chile. Región Metropolitana de Santiago: Lampa, Nov. 1864, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
The protologue of Eritrichium apricum (
In describing Eritrichium bridgesii,
Chile. Región de Antofagasta: Antofagasta, about head of high fog-bathed sea-cliffs near Aguada Grande, 16–18 Dec. 1925, I.M. Johnston 5814 (lectotype, designated here: GH [GH00011520 digital image!]; isolectotypes: E [E00026029 digital image!], GH [GH00011519 digital image!], K [K000573751 digital image!], US [US00111035 digital image!]).
In the protologue of Cryptantha argentea,
≡ Eritrichium capituliflorum Clos, Fl. Chil. 4(4): 467. 1849. Cynoglossospermum capituliflorum (Clos) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3[3]: 204. 1898. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: “Sur les collines des environs de Los Patos”, s.d., C. Gay 533 (lectotype, designated here: P [P00606749 digital image!]; isolectotypes: GH [GH00096371 digital image!], P [P00606750 digital image!]).
≡ Eritrichium chaetocalyx Phil., Fl. Atacam. 39. 1860. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Caldera, Pan de Azúcar, Dec. 1853, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium divaricatum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 534. 1895. Cryptantha divaricata (Phil.) Reiche, Anales Univ. Nac. Tec. Altiplano 121: 827. 1907. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Caldera, Sep. 1885, F. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium pustulosum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 537. 1895. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Caldera, Sep. 1879, R.. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
In describing Eritrichium chaetocalyx,
In the protologue of Eritrichium divaricatum,
≡ Eritrichium cynoglossoides Phil., Linnaea 29: 16. 1858. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: Arqueros, Oct. 1836, C. Gay s.n. (holotype: SGO [SGO000004057 digital image!]).
= Eritrichium uspallatense Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 521. 1895. Type: Argentina. Mendoza: Baños del Inca, Jan. 1886, A. Borchers s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
In the protologue of Eritrichium uspallatense,
≡ Eritrichium dichita Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 516. 1895. Type: Chile. [Unknown region:] Desierto de Atacama, 1877, A. Villanueva s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
In describing Eritrichium dichita,
Cryptantha
diffusa
≡ Eritrichium diffusum Phil., Linnaea 33: 191. 1864. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: “Huanta, Baños del Toro”, 1860–1861, H. Volckmann s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium micranthum Phil., Fl. Atac. 38. 1860. Type: Chile. [Región de Antofagasta:] Sandón, Feb. 1854, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Cryptantha famatinae Brand, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 317. 1924. Type: Argentina. La Rioja: La Incrucijada [sic], Sierra Famatina, 1879, G.H.E.W. Hieronymus & G. Niederlein 466 (lectotype, designated here: CORD [CORD00003765 digital image!]; isolectotype: GH [GH00096383 digital image!]).
The protologue of Eritrichium diffusum (
In the protologue of Cryptantha famatinae,
≡ Eritrichium dimorphum Phil., Linnaea 29: 16. 1857. Type: Chile. Región Metropolitana de Santiago: Cordillera de Santiago, Feb. 1857, R.A. Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated by
≡ Eritrichium filagineum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 536. 1895. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Monte Amargo, Sep. 1885, F. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
The protologue of Eritrichium filagineum (Philippi, 1895) includes a direct reference to a collection made by F. Philippi between Caldera and Copiapó, Chile. Two duplicates of a collection in agreement with the protologue and annotated, in R. A. Philippi’s hand, as “Eritrichium filagineum” were found at SGO. According to
≡ Eritrichium globuliferum Clos, Fl. Chil. 4(4): 464. 1849. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: Coquimbo, 1836, C. Gay 47 (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium glareosum Phil., Linnaea 33: 189. 1864. Cryptantha glareosa Greene, Pittonia 1(3): 111. 1887. Type: Chile. Región de Valparaíso: “In alveo fluminis Aconcagua prope San Felipe”, Sep. 1860, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium carrizalense Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 526. 1895. Cryptantha carrizalensis (Phil.) Reiche, Fl. Chile 5: 224. 1907. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Yerba Buena, 1885, R. Godoy de Collao s.n. (lectotype, designated by
= Eritrichium sphaerophorum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 539. 1895. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Caldera, Sep. 1879, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
In describing Eritrichium glareosum,
The protologue of Eritrichium sphaerophorum (
≡ Eritrichium glomeruliferum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 521. 1895. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: Las Mollacas, Cordillera de Illapel, 1888, F. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
The protologue of Eritrichium glomeruliferum (
≡ Myosotis granulosa Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 5. 1799. Type: Peru. Lima: “In Chancay collibus”, s.d., H. Ruiz & J.A. Pavón s.n. (lectotype, designated here: MA [MA814804 digital image!]).
According to the protologue of Myosotis granulosa, Ruiz López & Pavón (1799) based the description of this species on two syntypes they had collected during their stay in the Americas. The first collection was made in Lima, Peru, while the other one consists of a collection from Chancay, Peru. Two specimens linked to this name were located at MA in full agreement with the diagnosis and localities cited in the protologue. From among the material available for typification purposes, the specimen MA814804 from Chancay is preferred over the material from Lima (MA814805 ) since it bears an original label annotated, in Pavón’s hand, as “Myosotis granulosa”. Therefore, it is here selected as the lectotype of the name.
≡ Eritrichium kingii Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 516. 1895. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: “Prope Carrizal Bajo”, s.d., G. King s.n. (Type not found).
= Eritrichium virens Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 519. 1895. Cryptantha virens (Phil.) Reiche, Anales Univ. Chile 121: 826. 1907. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Bandurrias, 1885, G. Geisse s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
≡ Eritrichium longifolium Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 522. 1895. Type: Chile. Región del Biobío: La Polcura, Jan. 1888, R.A. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
≡ Amsinckia patagonica Speg., Nov. Add. Fl. Patag. 39. 1902. Type: Argentina. [Unknown province:] “Hab. in aridis secus Río S. Cruz”, Feb. 1882, C. Spegazzini s.n. (lectotype, designated here: GH [GH00096569 digital image!]).
= Eritrichium parvulum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 535. 1895. Cryptantha parvula (Phil.) Brand, Pflanzenr. (Engler) [Heft 97] 4, Fam. 252: 50. 1931. Type: Chile. Región de Atacama: Caldera, Sep. 1885, F. Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated here: SGO [SGO000004116 digital image!]; isolectotypes: CORD [CORD00003777 digital image!], GH [GH00096568 digital image!], SGO [SGO000004115 digital image!]).
In describing Amsinckia patagonica,
≡ Eritrichium spathulatum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 90: 517. 1895. Type: Chile. [Región del Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins:] Colchagua de Popeta, 1881, F. Philippi s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
In describing Eritrichium spathulatum,
≡ Eritrichium subamplexicaule Phil., Fl. Atacam. 39. 1860. Type: Chile. Región de Antofagasta: Paposo, Dec. 1853, R.A. Philippi s.n. (lectotype, designated by
In the protologue of Eritrichium subamplexicule,
≡ Eritrichium volckmannii Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 18: 54. 1861. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: Huanta, 1860, H. Volckmann s.n. (holotype: SGO [SGO000004151 digital image!]).
= Eritrichium chrysanthum Phil., Linnaea 33: 191. 1864. Cryptantha chrysantha (Phil.) Reiche, Anales Univ. Chile 121: 815. 1907. Type: Chile. Región de Coquimbo: Cordillera de Illapel, Aug. 1861, H. Volckmann s.n. (first-step lectotype, designated by
Rudolph A. Philippi’s description of Eritrichium chrysanthum (
The authors would like to thank Aaron McArdle (MEL) and Robert Vogt (B) for their assistance in the search for type material. We are grateful to James Cohen for significant editorial work and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve the manuscript. Support for this work to P. M. by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET PIP 00537/13) is gratefully acknowledged.