Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jhon A. Sánchez-Taborda ( jastbotanico@gmail.com ) Corresponding author: Alejandro Zuluaga-Tróchez ( zuluaga.alejandro@correounivalle.edu.co ) Academic editor: Peter Boyce
© 2020 Jhon A. Sánchez-Taborda, Martin Llano-Almario, Alejandro Zuluaga-Tróchez.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Sánchez-Taborda JA, Llano-Almario M, Zuluaga-Tróchez A (2020) New species of Anthurium Schott (Araceae) from the Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve of the Pacific coast, Cauca Department, Colombia. PhytoKeys 156: 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.53303
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The Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve was created in 2019 to protect the golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis Myers, Daly & Malkin, 1978) in the Cauca Department of Colombia. As part of the biodiversity inventory of the reserve a new species of Anthurium with scandent habit was discovered. The new species is endemic to Colombia and it is more similar to A. caldodsonii Croat, A. boekei Croat, and A. scandens (Aubl.) Engl., but differs by having widely lanceolate leaves with acuminate apex, cuneate base, and acrodromous venation with three pairs of basal veins.
La reserva natural tradicional Kõkõi Eujã fue creada en 2019 en el departamento de Cauca, Colombia, para proteger la rana dardo dorado (Phyllobates terribilis Myers, Daly & Malkin, 1978). Durante el proceso de realizar el inventario de la biodiversidad de la reserva se descubrió una especie nueva del género Anthurium. La especie nueva es endémica de Colombia, y es similar a A. caldodsonii Croat, A. boekei Croat y A. scandens (Aubl.) Engl., de las cuales se diferencia por tener hojas lanceoladas con ápice acuminado y base cuneada, y venación acródroma con tres pares de venas basales.
Eperãra Siapidaarã, Phyllobates terribilis, section Digitinervium, section Tetraspermium
Eperãra Siapidaarã, Phyllobates terribilis, sección Digitinervium, sección Tetraspermium
The genus Anthurium Schott has more than 1000 described species (
By initiative of four communities of the Eperãra Siapidaarã people belonging to the indigenous Calle Santa Rosa Reservation of the municipality of Timbiquí, in the Cauca Department, a new protected area was declared in order to protect the habitat of the golden poison frog. The new reserve was named the Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve and was included in the National Protected Areas System of Colombia (
During 2018 the first author carried out field work off the Pacific coast in Timbiquí and López de Micay, in the Cauca Department of Colombia, to generate a baseline for the creation of the Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve. A new species of the genus Anthurium was found, and is described and illustrated here following
Colombia. Cauca: municipio de Lopez de Micay, resguardo indígena Calle Santa Rosa, camino entre la orilla de la quebrada Bibango, afluente del río Saija, 02°57.467'N, 77°32.967'W y el bosque primario en la parte alta de la colina 02°58.056'N, 77°32.878'W, 16–65 m de altura, 10 September 2018, Jhon Alexander Sánchez-Taborda, Luis Alfonso Ortega, Carlos Robinson Quiro, José Tovar & Jainer Mejía 3141 (Holotype CUVC!).
A. siapidaarae differs from A. caldodsonii Croat, A. boekei Croat and A. scandens (Aubl.) Engl. by having widely lanceolate leaves with acuminate apex, cuneate base, and acrodromous venation with three pairs of basal veins, one of them 0.3–1 mm from the margin (versus leaves acuminate apex, cuneate base, and acrodromous venation with two pairs of basal veins).
Epiphytic climbing herb; roots loose and spreading, slender, brown; stems cylindrical, green, drying green-brown; internodes 3–4.5 cm long, (2.7–) 3.7–4.4 mm diam when dry, weakly glossy, green, drying grayish-green; cataphylls 4–5.6 cm long, acuminate at apex, brown and glossy, drying light brown mate, persistent as fibers at the upper nodes, with only a few fibers remaining at basal nodes. Leaves scattered along stem; petioles ribbed canaliculate adaxially, (3.2-) 4.2–5.6 cm long, 0.2–0.3 mm diam, olive green, drying grayish-green; sheath 3–4 mm long, 2–4 mm width at midpoint, occupying less than ¼ the length of the petiole; geniculum 3–6 mm long, 3 mm diam, green, darker than the petiole and drying dark-brown; blades coriaceous, 4.6–7 cm long, 2.8–4.4 cm wide, 1.2–1.4 times longer than wide, widely lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, adaxial surface glossy dark-green, abaxial surface glossy light-green, black punctations present on both sides, margins slightly revolute; midrib impress and slightly paler above, prominent and dark green below; basal veins 2 per side when the plant is young, 3 per side when adult, one of them, the marginal collective vein, 0.3–1 mm from the margin; primary lateral veins 8–9 per side when the plant is young, 13 when adult, arising at an angle of 35–40° degree, concolorous and impress above, prominent and discolorous below. Inflorescence pendant; peduncle curved, cylindrical, slightly striate longitudinally, 8.5 cm long, 0.3 cm diam, 1.7 times longer than the petiole, reddish, weakly glossy, drying brown; spathe reddish and glossy, coming out at a 70° angle to the spadix, 1.7 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, lanceolate, with acuminate apex and decurrent base; stipe cylindrical ca. 2 mm long, 3 mm diam, green yellow, drying grayish-green; spadix light yellow, erect, cylindrical, 2.4 cm long, 0.4–0.5 cm diam, 1.4 times longer than spathe; flowers 5–6 in the principal spiral, 9–10 in the secondary spiral, outline rhombic in frontal view, ca 1.5 mm diam; tepals yellow to reddish, weakly glossy, drying dark-brown, 0.4 mm long, 0.7 mm wide when dry; pistil ca 1.3 mm diam, stigma capitate ca 0.4 mm diam with trichomes; stamens slightly exserted, filament short, anthers 0.3 mm wide; fruits not seen.
Anthurium siapidaarae is endemic to Colombia, only known from the type locality in the municipality of López de Micay, Cauca. This species inhabits the Tropical Rain Forest between 30 and 100 m above sea level. A. siapidaarae is locally scarce, growing as an epiphyte inside dense forest with a closed canopy that exceeds 35 m in height, dominated by species of the genera Protium Burm. f., Pouteria Aubl., Ficus L., Otoba (A. DC.) H. Karst., Ocotea Aubl. and Inga Mill.
Anthurium siapidaarae was found flowering in September.
Anthurium siapidaarae is named after the indigenous community inhabiting the Calle Santa Rosa Indigenous Reservation. They belong to the Eperãra Siapidaarã people who live in the departments of Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariño in southwest Colombia. The word Siapidaara makes reference to the language Sia Pedeé spoken by these indigenous people.
Anthurium siapidaarae is only known from one locality, where it is not abundant. Its populations are under protection thanks to the Kõkõi Eujã Natural Traditional Reserve, which has an area of 11641 ha (ca 115 km2). Despite being under protection, there are several pressures affecting the conservation of these forests, especially the increase of illegal crops surrounding the reservation and deforestation, which had a rate of 7.8 ha per year between 2001–2018 within the protected area (
Anthurium siapidaarae could belong to sections Tetraspermium (Schott) Engl. Or Digitinervium . The main character of section Tetraspermium is the presence of four seeds per fruit, so we cannot be completely sure of this placement due to the absence of fruits in the samples. There are also some similarities with species from section Digitinervium, mainly the thick leaves with glandular punctations, and three pairs of acrodromous veins. It is most similar to A. caldodsonii, A. boekei, endemic from Ecuador and A. scandens, a widespread species. All four species share the characters of section Tetraspermium, having scandent habit, long internodes, persistent fibrous cataphylls at least in the terminal nodes, and small leaves with a glandular-punctate lower surface. A. siapidaarae differs from the other species by having acrodromous venation with three pairs of basal veins, one of which, the collective marginal vein, is 0.3–1 mm from the margin (vs acrodromous venation with two pairs of basal veins in all other three species). It also differs from A. caldodsonii and A. boekei, only know from Ecuador, by having lanceolate leaves less than 1.4 times longer than wide, with acuminate apex and cuneate base (versus ovate to ovate-elliptical leaves, with truncate base and apex), and from A. scandens, by having a peduncle 8.5 cm long (vs. 1.5–6.5 cm long).
Colombia. Cauca: municipio de López de Micay, resguardo indígena Calle Santa Rosa, camino entre la orilla de la quebrada Bibango, afluente del río Saija, 02°57.467'N, 77°32.967'W y el bosque primario en la parte alta de la colina 02°58.056'N, 77°32.878'W, 16–65 m de altura. 11 September 2018, Jhon Alexander Sánchez-Taborda, José Tovar & Jainer Mejía 3245 (CUVC).
We thank the Ecohabitats Foundation, especially the Directors, Liliana Patricia Paz and Luis Alfonso Ortega, for coordinating the expeditions to Timbiquí and López de Micay, and for leading the process of declaring the new natural reserve. We thank the Rainforest Trust for the financial support to carry out this study, and the Corporación Autónoma Regional del Cauca, especially Julio César Rodriguez, for accompanying the declaration. We are also thankful to the Calle Santa Rosa Indigenous Guard, especially to Carlos Robinson Quiró (son), for being the interlocutor of the community and promoting conservation among his community; to the inhabitants of the Sierpe community, especially Carlos Arturo Quiró (father), for his important work motivating the community to agree with the allocation of a large part of the territory to this natural reserve; to Angélico Mejía (traditional doctor), José Tovar (governor of the preservation), and Jainer Mejía for giving us assistance during the extensive field days, and for sharing with us their invaluable ancestral knowledge of the forest and plants used by their community.