Research Article |
Christopher B. Callaghan‡, Siak K. Png‡
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Corresponding author: Christopher B. Callaghan ( callaghanaba@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Thomas L.P. Couvreur
© 2020 Christopher B. Callaghan, Siak K. Png.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Callaghan CB, Png SK (2020) Twenty-six additional new combinations in the Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) of China and Vietnam. PhytoKeys 146: 1-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.146.52114
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Abstract
In accordance with the previous reduction of the remaining genera of subfamily Magnolioideae (Magnoliaceae) into the genus Magnolia, twenty-six new nomenclatural combinations are formally made by transferring to Magnolia some additional Chinese and Vietnamese taxa from the segregate genera of Manglietia, Michelia and Yulania. The following nine new combinations are created from Manglietia, namely Magnolia admirabilis, M. albistaminea, M. guangnanica, M. jinggangshanensis, M. maguanica, M. pubipedunculata, M. pubipetala, M. rufisyncarpa and M. sinoconifera. Also, twelve new combinations are created from Michelia, namely Magnolia caloptila, M. caudata, M. fallax, M. gelida, M. hunanensis, M. maudiae var. rubicunda, M. multitepala, M. platypetala, M. rubriflora, M. septipetala, M. sonlaensis, M. xinningia. Finally, five new combinations are created from Yulania, namely Magnolia baotaina, M. pendula, M. pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia, M. puberula and M. urceolata.
Keywords
Magnolioideae, Manglietia, Michelia, morphological features, synonyms, Yulania
Magnolia maguanica (formerly Manglietia maguanica (photo taken by SK Png at South China BG on 21.04.2017).
Introduction
Richard B.
Revisions were to follow Dandy’s death in late 1976, including the classification of the leading Chinese Magnoliaceae researcher, Liu Yu-hu (aka Law Yuh-wu). His proposed Taxonomic System of Magnoliaceae (
H.P. Nooteboom, who was to succeed Dandy at the forefront of Magnoliaceae research in Europe, realised that his predecessor had been mistaken in his interpretation of certain morphological characters and thus commenced his reduction of Magnolioideae (
This system was not followed in the Flora of China treatment of Magnoliaceae (
However,
In a one genus system only Manglietia, Michelia and 3 minor genera require new names in Magnolia. In a 13 genera system, it would be necessary to dismantle the largest and most well-known genus, Magnolia, and rename the constituents into 10 new genera. That would be enormously destructive to the long-established Magnolia-centric nomenclature and literature, causing unnecessary and undesirable consequences to science, conservation and horticulture.
With this in mind, 26 new combinations are created here, representing nine species of Manglietia, eleven species and one variety of Michelia, plus four species and one variety of Yulania. Most of these taxa were named and described over the past decade, but include some older previously synonymised, now reinstated taxa, that are herein transferred to Magnolia, as will be numerous other taxa in a sequel to this paper (
Materials and methods
The new combinations proposed in this paper are made in compliance with the rules and recommendations of the 2018 International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN), known as The Shenzhen Code (
Where available, digital images of type specimens of newly named taxa posted to the internet at the websites of various herbaria have been sighted and these are indicated in the text by ‘online image!’ appearing after the herbarium acronyms whose representative names are listed in the appendix following the references. Additional sighted specimens are indicated by ‘!’ after the herbarium acronym.
Consultation of the relevant literature was made to determine whether a number of taxa previously determined as synonyms of earlier named taxa were, in fact, genuine independent species or varieties as they had been originally described. Differences in numerous morphological features, natural distributions and/or elevations and where appropriate, the incompatible phenology of flowering and/or fruiting periods, are tabulated and referred to in the notes under the relevant taxa to fully substantiate their independent status.
Floras and other literature dealing with the Magnoliaceae of China that have been consulted during this study are cited in the text, with some of the more important sources of information including a number of papers by Dandy (1928 a–c, 1930), The Magnoliaceae of China (
The Biodiversity Heritage Library website (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org) proved indispensable in accessing a number of articles on earlier-named Magnoliaceae dating back to the early nineteenth century and beyond. A good proportion of the numerous relevant scientific and mainstream literature consulted during this research is internet accessible via the links included with the references. The links included in the 2019 unpublished version of this paper were rechecked to confirm their current accessibility.
Results
In accordance with the previous reduction of the remaining genera of subfamily Magnolioideae (Magnoliaceae) into the genus Magnolia, twenty-six new nomenclatural combinations are formally made by transferring to Magnolia some additional Chinese and Vietnamese taxa from the segregate genera of Manglietia, Michelia and Yulania that were described during the past decade and occasionally earlier, plus a few formerly synonymised, now reinstated taxa.
The following nine new combinations are created from Manglietia, namely Magnolia admirabilis (Y.H. Law & R.Z. Zhou ex L. Fu, Q.W. Zeng & X.M. Hu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. albistaminea (Y.W. Law, R.Z. Zhou & S.X. Qin) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. guangnanica (D.X. Li & R.Z. Zhou ex X.M. Hu, Q.W. Zeng & L. Fu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. jinggangshanensis (R.L. Liu & Z.X. Zhang) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. maguanica (H.T. Chang & B.L.Chen) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. pubipedunculata (Q.W. Zeng & X.M. Hu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. pubipetala (Q.W. Zeng) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. rufisyncarpa (Y.W. Law, R.Z. Zhou & F.G. Wang) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png and M. sinoconifera (F.N. Wei) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png.
Also, twelve new combinations are created from Michelia, namely Magnolia caloptila (Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. caudata (M.X. Wu, X.H. Wu & G.Y. Li) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. fallax (Dandy) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. gelida (T.B. Zhao, Z.X. Chen & D.L. Fu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. hunanensis (C.L. Peng & L.H. Yan) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. maudiae var. rubicunda (T.P. Yi & J.C. Fan) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. multitepala (R.Z. Zhou & S.G. Jian) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. platypetala (Hand-Mazz.) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. rubriflora (Y.W. Law & R.Z. Zhou ex F.G. Wang, Q.W. Zeng, R.Z. Zhou & F.W. Xing) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. septipetala (Z.L. Nong) C.B. Callaghan & S.K.Png, M. sonlaensis (Q.N. Vu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png and M. xinningia (Y.W. Law & R.Z. Zhou ex Q.X. Ma, Q.W. Zeng, R.Z. Zhou & F.W. Xing) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png.
Finally, five new combinations are created from Yulania, namely Magnolia baotaina (D.L. Fu, Q. Zhang & M. Xu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. pendula (D.L. Fu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia (Z.Z. Zhao & Z.W. Xie) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png, M. puberula (D.L. Fu) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png and M. urceolata (D.L. Fu, B.H. Xiong & X. Chen) C.B. Callaghan & S.K. Png.
Discussion
The transfer of the above twenty-six taxa to Magnolia is necessary following the present near universal acceptance by the scientific community and horticultural industry that the Magnolioideae is one of two monogeneric subfamilies within Magnoliaceae and the fact that the majority of resulting new combinations and names arising from the relegation of Manglietia and Michelia into Magnolia have previously been made by various authors such as
Conclusions
To maintain these twenty-six predominantly recently described taxa in limbo in segregate genera will contribute to further instability and inevitable confusion in the scientific and popular literature, as well as within the botanical world and the horticultural industry, which has resulted from having two diverse systems operating simultaneously.
The authors would like to take this opportunity to suggest that to further substantiate their now reaffirmed species or varietal status, comparative DNA barcoding (
Taxonomic section
Magnolia admirabilis , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia admirabilis Y.H. Law & R.Z. Zhou ex L. Fu, Q.W. Zeng & X.M. Hu, Novon 23(1): 37, fig. 1 (2014).
Chinese name
奇异木莲 meaning “distinctive Manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Maguan County, Gulinqing, Chuntianping, ca. 1300 m, limestone montane evergreen broad-leaved forests, 12 May 1986, Zhou Ren-zhang 98 (holotype:
Note
There is no data or images held at
Magnolia albistaminea , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia albistaminea Y.W. Law, R.Z. Zhou & X.S. Qin. In: X.S. Qin et al., Novon 16: 260, fig. 1 (2006).
Chinese name
白蕊木莲 meaning “white-stamened manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Guangdong Province: South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou (collected from plant introduced in 1982 from Mt. Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan), 10 May 2001, R.Z. Zhou 130 (holotype:
Manglietia fordiana var. hainanensis (Dandy) N.H. Xia. In:
Manglietia fordiana Oliv. In:
Note
There are no data or images held at
Magnolia baotaina , comb. nov.
Basionym
Yulania baotaina D.L. Fu, Q. Zhang & M. Xu. In: D.L. Fu et al., Amer. J. Agric. and Forest. 7(5): 231–232, fig. 1 (2019c).
Chinese name
宝台山玉兰 meaning “Mount Baotai yulania”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Yongping County, Mount Baotai, 2600 m, 12 March 2017, D.L. Fu 2017031201 (holotype:
Note
The type specimens of Yulania baotaina cannot be located at the Beijing herbarium of
Magnolia caloptila , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia caloptila Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu. In: Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(2): 152, 154: fig. s.n. (1984).
Chinese name
美毛含笑 meaning “beautiful-haired michelia”
Type
CHINA. Jiangxi Province: Zixi County, Nangang, Matoushan, 450 m, in woods, 17 September 1980, Jiangxi gong-da linxue-xi (
Digital images of type specimens below accessed 19 March 2019:
holotype [
isotype [
isotype [
Michelia fujianensis Q.F. Zheng. In:
Michelia caloptila Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu. In:
Note 1
Michelia caloptila Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu was listed as a dubious species in
Differentiating features of the species Michelia caloptila and Michelia fujianensis.
| Plant feature | Michelia caloptila Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu | Michelia fujianensis Q.F. Zheng |
| maximum dimensions | to 15 m × 30 cm dbh† | to 16 m × 100 cm dbh¶ |
| bark colour | grey | greyish-brown (greyish-white¶) |
| indumentum of branchlets | brown tomentose | densely cinnamon tomentose |
| indumentum of buds | brown tomentose | densely cinnamon tomentose |
| leaf shape | narrowly elliptic or elliptic | oblong or narrowly obovate-elliptic |
| leaf dimensions | 9–16 × 2.5–5 cm | 6–11 × 2.5–4 cm |
| leaf apex | acuminate or caudate-acuminate | acute |
| leaf indumentum adaxially | entirely glabrous | densely short-tomentose at midrib |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | minutely brown tomentose | densely ferrugineus or brownish-yellow appressed sericeous |
| secondary lateral leaf veins | 7–12 pairs | 8–9 pairs (not 9–15§,¶) |
| petiole length and indumentum | 5–10 mm, brown tomentose | 10–15 mm, densely cinnamon tomentose |
| tepal number | 6–9‡ | 15–16 (12–17¶) |
| gynophore in fruit | ca. 20 mm long | 2–2.5 mm long |
| fruit aggregate length | 4–10 cm | 2–3 cm |
| mature carpels | broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1–1.8 cm long with 1–4 seeds | obovoid, 1.5–2 cm × ca. 1.2 cm with 1 seed |
| fruiting period | September† | October–November¶ |
Note 2
As a consequence of the above substantiation of the species status of Michelia caloptila, plus the past reduction to Magnolia of the remaining genera of subfamily Magnolioideae, Michelia caloptila is here transferred to Magnolia.
Magnolia caudata , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia caudata M.X. Wu, X.H. Wu & G.Y. Li. In: X.H. Wu et al., Acta Bot. Bor-Occid. Sin. 35(5): 1058, fig. 1 (2015).
Chinese name
尾叶含笑 meaning “caudate-lobed michelia”, referring to shape of leaf apex.
Type
CHINA. Zhejiang Province: Qingyuan County, Songyuan town, Jiaokeng village, Guanmenao Conservation Area, in evergreen broad-leaved forests, ravines, 460 m, 12 April 2010, Ye Qing-jiao & Wu Xia-hua 1096 (holotype:
Magnolia fallax , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia fallax Dandy. In: Notes, Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16(77): 130 (1928c).
Chinese names: 灰绒含笑 meaning “grey-velvet michelia”, referring to the grey indumentum covering branchlets, buds, etc. Also: 大叶含笑 meaning “large-leaved michelia”
Type
CHINA. Hunan Province: near Wukang-chow (=Wugang), Yunshan, ca. 950 m, in lofty shady forests, 12 July 1918, Handel-Mazzetti 12281 p.p. quoad fruiting specimen (holotype:
Digital images of holotype and isotype specimens below accessed 19 March 2019:
holotype [
isotype [A: 00039058]: https://s3.amazonaws.com/huhwebimages/6C9726D2157D489/type/full/39058.jpg
isotype [K: K000681458]: http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000681458
Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. In:
Michelia cavaleriei var. cavaleriei. In:
Note 1
James E.
Note 2
An undated identification label in the name of J.E. Dandy, affixed to the Kew Herbarium isotype specimen of M. fallax, indicates his subsequent determination of it as M. cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. This specimen and the other above seen type specimens are all ca. 20 cm in length and 6 cm wide, roughly only about two-thirds of Dandy’s original description of the leaves of M. fallax being “usque ad ca. 30 cm longa et 8.5 cm lata” (up to about 30 cm long and 8.5 cm wide). Dandy’s dimensions are not a misprint, since there are a number of M. fallax specimens of different provenances (and provinces) posted to the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH) website with leaves approaching this size, which is alluded to in one of this species two Chinese names translating as “large-leaved michelia”. The above noted dimensions must be presumed to be those of the other specimen noted in Dandy’s description, the undated specimen Dalziel s.n., collected at about 900 m near Thai-yong, 97 km west of Swatow (Shantou) on Guangdong’s northeastern coast, sometime between 1895 and 1902 (this specimen was not located for the current research).
Note 3
Subsequent to Dandy, M. fallax has been listed as a synonym of M. cavaleriei and of M. cavaleriei var. cavaleriei by the authors cited in the section preceding Note 1. However, the present authors consider that while these two species are superficially similar in the shape of their leaves, that the known comparative features recorded in Table
Differentiating features of the species Michelia fallax and Michelia cavaleriei.
| Plant feature | Michelia fallax Dandy | Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. |
| indumentum of branchlets | appressed grey tomentose, becoming tawny near apex | silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose§ |
| indumentum of buds | appressed shiny grey tomentose | silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose§ |
| leaf shape | elliptic-oblong, oblong or narrowly oblong | narrowly oblanceolate-oblong or narrowly oblong§ |
| leaf apex | acuminate or subacuminate | acuminate or short-acute§ |
| leaf base | obtuse or sub-rounded | cuneate or broadly cuneate§ |
| leaf dimensions | up to ca. 30 × 8.5 cm (ca. 29 × 9 cm†) | 10–20 × 3.5–6.5 cm§ |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | short appressed grey pubescent | glaucous, silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose when young§ |
| secondary lateral leaf veins | ca. 14–16 pairs | 11–15 pairs‡ |
| petiole length and indumentum | ca. 2.5 cm, initially appressed grey or yellow-brown tomentose, later glabrescent | 2 cm, puberulus (0.7–1.5 cm# silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose§) |
| gynoecium indumentum | appressed grey tomentellous | glabrous except for few bristly hairs towards apex of carpels†† |
| number of ovules | ca. 10 | 2 |
| fruiting peduncle indumentum | appressed glossy grey or yellowish-brown tomentose | silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose§ |
| fruit aggregate length | 10–12 cm | 5–10 cm§ |
| mature carpels length | up to ca. 2.5 cm | 1.5–2 cm‡ |
| fruiting period | July | September–October‡,§ |
Magnolia gelida , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia gelida T.B. Zhao, Z.X. Chen & D.L. Fu. In: Y.F. Hu et al., Advances Orn. Hort. China 2013: 39–40, fig. 1 (2013).
Chinese name
耐冬含笑 meaning “winter resisting michelia”
Type
CHINA. Henan Province: Jinling County, Changge city, cultivated (native to Zhejiang Province: Fuyang County), 24 March 2010, Zhao Tian-bang, Fu Da-li et al. 201003245 (holotype:
Magnolia guangnanica , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia guangnanica D.X. Li & R.Z. Zhou ex X.M. Hu, Q.W. Zeng & L. Fu, Novon 23(2): 172, figs. 1, 2 (2014).
Chinese name
广南木莲 meaning “Guangnan manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Guangnan County, Heizhiguo town and village, Mt. Gulu, in limestone montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, 1710 m, 17 October 1993, Zhou Ren-zhang & Zeng Qing-wen 93049 (holotype and isotype:
Note
The holotype and isotype specimens of Manglietia guangnanica could not be found by herbarium staff at
Magnolia hunanensis , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia hunanensis C.L. Peng & L.H. Yan. In: C.L. Peng et al., J. Hunan Forest. Tech. Coll. 1995(1): 15 (1995).
Chinese name
湖南含笑 meaning “Hunan michelia”
Type
CHINA. Hunan Province: Xinning County, without elevation or collection date, L.H. Yan & C.L. Peng 93018 (holotype:
Magnolia maudiae var. hunanensis (C.L. Peng & L.H. Yan)
Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. In: Xia & Deng (2002: 132) and
Michelia cavaleriei var. cavaleriei. In:
Note 1
The holotype specimen was irretrievably damaged during repeated relocations of the
Note 2. The numerous known differentiating features compiled in Table
Differentiating features of Michelia hunanensis, M. maudiae and M. cavaleriei.
| Plant feature | Michelia hunanensis C.L. Peng & L.H. Yan | Michelia maudiae Dunn | Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. |
| maximum height | 20 m | 31 m§ | 10 m¶¶ |
| indumentum of buds | greyish-pilose | glabrous (covered with white powder††) | silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose¶¶ |
| leaf shape | oblong or broadly oblong | oblong-elliptic or occasionally ovate-elliptic†† | narrowly oblanceolate-oblong or narrowly oblong¶¶ |
| leaf dimensions | 13–33 × 6–9 cm | 7–18 × 3.5–8.5 cm†† | 10–20 × 3.5–6.5 cm¶¶ |
| leaf apex | cuspidate | obtuse acuminate (occasionally long-acuminate†) | acuminate or short-acute¶¶ |
| leaf base | rounded or obtuse | acute or cuneate | cuneate or broadly cuneate¶¶ |
| undersides of leaves | greyish pubescent | glabrous, as is the entire plant††, except for the silky grey pubescent stamens# | glaucous and silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose when young¶¶) |
| lateral leaf veins | 8–14 pairs | 8–12 pairs | 11–15 pairs§§ |
| petiole length and indumentum | 2–3.5 cm, pilose | 2.5–3 cm, glabrous (1–3 cm‡‡) | 2 cm, puberulus (0.7–1.5 cm)##, silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose¶¶ |
| tepal number | 9 | 9–11‡‡ | 10–12## |
| tepal shape and size (outer 3) | obovate, 6–7 cm long (width not specified) |
obovate, 5–7 × 3.5–4 cm†† |
obovate-elliptic (2.5–4 cm long¶¶) |
| tepal shape and size (inner 3) | obovate-lanceolate, 4–4.8 × 1.2–1.4 cm | obovate, elliptic to broadly spathulate, 4.5–5 × 1.8–2.5 cm† | obovate-elliptic, 2.5 × 1.5 cm |
| length of stamens | ca. 1cm | 1.5–2.2 cm¶ | 1.2–1.4 cm§§ |
| gynoecium length, shape and indumentum | 1 cm, cylindric, pubescent | 1.5–1.8 cm (1.0–1.3 cm, subcylindric†), glabrous | 1 cm, narrowly ovate, with a few hairs only near the carpel apex |
| gynophore length | 5–8 mm | ca. 10 mm | ca. 4 mm§§ |
| fruit aggregate length | 8–17 cm | 10–12(–14) cm† | 5–10 cm¶¶ |
| flowering period | March–April | January–March†† | March§§, ¶¶ |
| fruiting period | August–September | October–November†† | September–October§§,¶¶ |
Magnolia jinggangshanensis , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia jinggangshanensis R.L. Liu & Z.X. Zhang. In: Fedd. Repert. 130(3): 289, 290 fig. 1, 291 fig. 2 (2019)
Chinese name
井冈山木莲 meaning “Jinggangshan manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Jiangxi Province: Jinggangshan, in evergreen forest, 980 m, 8 May 2001 (fl.), R.L. Liu 20010012 (holotype:
Note
The isotypes at
Magnolia maguanica , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia maguanica Chang & B.L. Chen. In: B.L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1988(1): 109 (1988).
Chinese name
马关木莲 meaning “Maguan manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Maguan County, Bazhai, near Xiaoshan, in woods, ca. 1800 m, 7 October 1986, B.L. Chen & Y.H. Su 86s-053 (holotype:
Digital image of specimens below accessed 19 March 2019:
holotype (
isotype [L: L0204985]: http://medialib.naturalis.nl/file/id/L0204985_MLN/format/large?fpi=1
Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume. In:
Magnolia insignis Wall. In:
Note
Manglietia maguanica is listed as a synonym of M. insignis in Chen & Nooteboom (1993) and subsequently by the authors noted above. However, both are recognised as independent species in the majority of the more recent Chinese publications, including
Magnolia maudiae , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia maudiae var. rubricunda T.P. Yi & J.C. Fan. In: J.C. Fan et al., J. Sichuan Forest. Sci. Tech. 30(4): 68, plate 1 (2009).
Chinese name
红花深山含笑 meaning “red-flowered deep mountains michelia”
Type
CHINA. Sichuan Province: Dujiangyan, cultivated at the Arboretum of Sichuan Agricultural University, 22 February 2009, T.P. Yi 09001 (holotype: SAUT=SIFS, fl. n.v.). Other specimens recorded: same locality, 13 September 2008, T.P. Yi 08005 (SAUT=SIFS, fr. n.v.). Sichuan Province: Dujiangyan Juyuan Nursery, 20 August 2008, T.P. Yi 08004 (SAUT=SIFS, fr. n.v.). [Introduced from Tongdao County, Hunan Province].
Magnolia multitepala , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia multitepala R.Z. Zhou & S.G. Jian. In: S.G. Jian et al., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 65, fig. 1 (2007).
Chinese name
多瓣含笑 meaning “multi-tepalled michelia”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Xichou County, Fadou Mountain, in moist evergreen broad-leaved forest, 1300–1500 m, March 2003, R.Z. Zhou 0401 (holotype:
Michelia macclurei Dandy. In:
Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. In:
Note 1
There is no data or images held at
Note 2
The authors of Michelia multitepala noted that it closely resembles M. ingrata B.L. Chen & S.C.Yang and M. macclurei Dandy, but recorded in their comparative diagnosis sufficient morphological differences with these species to substantiate and name Michelia multitepala as a distinct new species. M. multitepala is recorded as a synonym of M. doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. by the above noted authors. However, in Liu’s classification system of Magnoliaceae (
Note 3
Michelia multitepala is sufficiently distinct from M. doltsopa (
Differentiating features of the species Michelia multitepala and M. doltsopa.
| Plant feature | Michelia multitepala R.Z. Zhou & S.G. Jian | Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC |
| tree dimensions | 15 m tall, 30 cm diameter | 30 m tall†,§, 1 m diameter |
| indumentum of leaf buds | rufous appressed-tomentellous | rufous or greyish-white appressed pubescent§, orange-rusty hairs on pale green scales¶ |
| leaf texture | leathery | thinly leathery§ |
| leaf shape and dimensions | elliptic, 14–18 × 5–6.5 cm | elliptic-oblong, 10–22 × 5–7 cm§ (10–18(–22) × 3.5–8 cm††) |
| leaf apex | acuminate or short acuminate | short acute or long acute§ |
| leaf base | broadly cuneate | obtuse or broadly cuneate§ |
| leaf beneath | pale green | pale green and somewhat glaucous beneath#, glaucous with orange pubescent veins¶ |
| lateral leaf veins | 13–15 pairs | 10–14 pairs† |
| petiole length and indumentum | 1.5–3 cm, rufous appressed tomentellous | 1–2 cm‡‡, slightly silky grey pubescent‡, later glabrescent |
| stipular scars | none | to ca. 1/5 of petiole length§ |
| peduncle indumentum | rufous appressed-tomentellous | densely appressed-villose§ |
| tepal number, shape and size | 11–12, oblong-lanceolate, 4–6.5 × 0.8–1.7 cm | (8–)12–16, narrowly obovate spoon-shaped 3.6–7.5 × 1.4–3 cm†† |
| stamen length | 14–16 mm | 8–15 mm†† |
| gynoecium length | 2–2.5 cm | 1.5–2 cm† |
| fruit aggregate length | 8–15 cm | 4–7 cm§ (6–10 cm‡‡) |
| shape of carpels | ellipsoid | globose‡ |
| flowering period | February–March | March–April§ |
Magnolia pendula
Basionym
Yulania pendula D.L. Fu. In: D.L. Fu et al., Amer. J. Agric. and Forest. 7(5): 220–221, figs. 5 & 6 (2019c).
Type
CHINA. Sichuan Province: Beichuan County, Guixi town, Linfeng village, Yaowang Valley, secondary forest, 1200 m, 2 April 2012, D. L. Fu 2012040201 (holotype:
Chinese name
垂枝玉兰 meaning “weeping yulan”
Note
The type specimens of Yulania pendula cannot be located at the Beijing herbarium of
Magnolia pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia , comb. nov.
Basionym
Yulania pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia D.L. Fu, T.B. Zhao & J. Zhao. In: D.L. Fu et al., Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 27(5): 526; figs. 1C–D (2007).
Chinese name
椭圆叶罗田玉兰 meaning “elliptical-leaved Luotian yulan”
Type
CHINA. Henan Province: Xinzheng City, 23 March 2002, T.B. Zhao et al. 200203231 (holotype:
Yulania pilocarpa (Z.Z. Zhao & Z.W. Xie) D.L. Fu. In:
Yulania denudata var. pilocarpa (Z.Z. Zhou & Z.W. Xie) Sima & S.G. Lu. In:
Note 1
The genus Yulania Spach (
Note 2
Yulania pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia is sufficiently distinguished from Y. pilocarpa to maintain its varietal status by the following features: indumentum of the branchlets (densely pubescent, later glabrous vs. glabrous [Law et al. 2004: 93]); the leaf shape (elliptical, rarely inverted-triangular vs. obovate to broadly obovate [Law et al. 2004]) and the shape and size of the inner 6 tepals (petaloid, 5–7 × 2–3.2 cm vs. nearly spathulate, 7–10 × 3–5 cm [Law et al. 2004]). Additionally, the two taxa are geographically isolated (central Henan Province vs. SE Hubei Province). The illustration of the leaves accompanying the original description of Yulania pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia (
Magnolia platypetala , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia platypetala Hand.-Mazz. In: Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 58(12): 89 (1921).
Chinese name
阔瓣含笑 meaning “broad-petalled (tepalled) michelia”
Type
CHINA. Hunan Province: Yunshan, near Wukang-chow (= Wugang), ca. 950 m, lofty shady forests, April 1919, Wang Te-Hui (De-Hui Wang) 12281 (p.p. quoad flowering material only, in Handel-Mazzetti, 1921) (holotype: W (possibly destroyed in WWII); isotypes: A online image!, K online image!,
Digital images of isotype specimens below accessed 19 March 2019:
isotype [A: 00039059]: http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/image.php?id=304833
isotype [K: K000681459]: http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000681459
isotype [
Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. In:
Magnolia maudiae var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.)
Magnolia cavaleriei var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.) Noot. In:
Michelia cavaleriei var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.) N. H. Xia. In:
Note 1
Note 2
As recorded in the synonymy section preceding Note 1, Michelia platypetala is noted as a synonym of M. cavaleriei and has been made a variety of both Magnolia maudiae and Michelia cavaleriei, the 2001 and 2008 publications with a noted elevational range of 1200–1500 m despite Handel-Mazzetti’s type collection being made at ca. 950 metres. However, M. platypetala retains its species status in
Note 3
Differentiating features of the species Michelia platypetala and M. cavaleriei.
| Plant feature | Michelia platypetala Hand-Mazz. | Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. |
| life form | medium-sized tree to 20 m | small-sized tree 7–10 metres |
| indumentum of branchlets | rufous sericeous | silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose¶ |
| indumentum of buds | rufous sericeous | silver-grey or rufous appressed pilose¶ |
| leaf shape | oblong or elliptic-oblong | narrowly oblong or narrowly oblanceolate-oblong¶ |
| leaf dimensions | 11–18(–20) × 4–6(–7) cm (12–17 × 4.5–6.5 cm†) | 10–20 × 3.5–6.5 cm¶ (8–21 × 2.5–5 cm#) |
| leaf apex | acuminate or abruptly narrowed short-acuminate | acuminate or short-acute¶ |
| leaf base | broadly cuneate or obtuse | cuneate or broadly cuneate¶ |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | greyish-white appressed puberulent or rufous appressed hairs | silver-grey or rufous pilose, appressed when young¶ |
| lateral leaf veins | 8–14 pairs | 11–15 pairs§ |
| petiole length | 2–3 cm† | 2 cm (0.7–1.5 cm#) |
| pedicel (peduncle) length | 0.5–2 cm | 1.5–2.5 cm§ |
| bract scar number | 2 | 2–3 |
| tepal number and shape | 9 (9–11†), obovate-elliptic or elliptic | ca. 12 (10–12#): obovate-elliptic¶ |
| tepal length (outer 3) | 5–7 cm | 2.5 cm (2.5–4 cm¶) |
| stamen / anther length | ca. 1 cm / ca. 6 mm | 1.2–1.4 cm / ca. 8 mm§ |
| gynoecium shape, length and indumentum | cylindric, 6–8 mm, grey or golden puberulent | narrowly ovoid, ca.10 mm, glabrous except for few bristly hairs towards apex of the carpels‡ |
| gynophore length | ca. 5 mm | ca. 4 mm§ |
| number of ovules | ca. 8 in each immature carpel | 2 in each immature carpel |
| fruit aggregate length | 5–15 cm | 5–10 cm¶ |
| mature carpels shape and size | ellipsoid, rarely globose or ovoid, 1.5–2(–2.5) × 1–1.5 cm | obovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5–2 cm long§ |
| flowering period | March–April | March§ |
Magnolia puberula , comb. nov.
Basionym
Yulania puberula D.L. Fu. In: D.L. Fu et al., Amer. J. Agric. and Forest. 7(5): 208–209, fig. 3 (2019a).
Chinese name
短毛玉兰 meaning “short-haired yulan”
Type
CHINA. Hubei Province, Wudang Mountain, ca. 970 m, 26 March 2018, D.L. Fu 2018032601 (holotype:
Note
The type specimens of Yulania puberula cannot be located at the Beijing herbarium of
Magnolia pubipedunculata , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia pubipedunculata Q.W. Zeng & X.M. Hu. In: X.M. Hu et al., PloS ONE l4 (3): 4–5, fig. 1 (e0210254: 2019). [13 March 2019 – epublished]
Chinese name
柔毛花梗木莲 meaning “pubescent-peduncled manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Wenshan Prefecture, Maguan County, Miechang Town, Daxinzhai Village, Donggualin, Huashikeng, evergreen broad-leaved forests, 1453 m, 104°05'21"E; 22°54'50"N, 14 May 2004, Q.W. Zeng 89 (holotype:
Note
There are no data or images held at
Magnolia pubipetala , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia pubipetala Q.W. Zeng. In: Q.W. Zeng et al., Pakistan J. Bot.(6): 1917, 1919 + 1918, fig. 1 (2007).
Chinese name
毛瓣木莲 meaning “hairy-tepals manglietia” (this Chinese name is often erroneously applied to Manglietia rufibarbata which has glabrous tepals)
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Maguan County, Bazhai, evergreen broad-leaved forests, ca. 1500 m, 14 May 2002, Ren-zhang Zhou 0256 (holotype:
holotype (
Manglietia rufibarbata Dandy. In:
Note
Manglietia pubipetala Q.W. Zeng is considered as conspecific with M. rufibarbata Dandy by the above authors. However, M. pubipetala can be sufficiently differentiated from M. rufibarbata Dandy to justify its species status, as shown by the comparative morphological features included in Table
Differentiating features of species Manglietia pubipetala and M. rufibarbata.
| Plant feature | Manglietia pubipetala Q.W. Zeng | Manglietia rufibarbata Dandy |
| indumentum of branchlets | brown villose | densely rufous villose |
| leaf shape | narrowly obovate-elliptic | oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong or obovate-oblong |
| leaf apex | caudate-acuminate | acuminate or subacuminate |
| leaf base | cuneate | cuneate or obtuse or occasionally rounded |
| leaf dimensions | 13–17.5 × 4.5–6 cm | 10–25 × 4–9 cm† |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | glaucous, densely brown villose | rufous pubescent, especially near midrib |
| leaf texture | papery | thinly leathery |
| secondary lateral leaf veins | ca. 10–12 pairs | ca. 12–18 pairs |
| petiole length / indumentum | 1.2–1.5 cm, brown villose | up to 3 cm, rufous villose or tomentose |
| stipules | brown villose, adnate to petiole | stipules externally densely rufous villose, adnate to petiole only lower 1/3 |
| tepal number | 9 | 11 (9–12†) |
| tepal size (outer 3) and indumentum | 3.8–4.0 × 2.5–2.7 cm, pale brown pubescent | ca. 3 × 2 cm† , glabrous‡ |
| stamen scars length | 6–7 mm | ca. 10–12 mm |
| gynoecium shape | narrowly obovoid-ellipsoid | ovoid-oblong |
Magnolia rubriflora , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia rubriflora Y.W. Law & R.Z. Zhou ex F.G. Wang et al., Pakistan J. Bot. 37(3): 559, fig. 1 (2005).
Chinese name
红花含笑 meaning “red-flowered michelia”
Type
CHINA. Hainan: Mount Jianfengling, 500–600 m, 31 October 2001, Zhou Ren-zhang 0265 (holotype:
Digital image of paratype specimen below accessed 19 March 2019:
paratype [P: P00852399]: http://mediaphoto.mnhn.fr/media/1445779250360OrFutLDauT0PI7UU
Michelia mediocris Dandy. In:
Note
While Michelia rubriflora is noted as a synonym of M. mediocris in Flora of China (
Differentiating features of the species Michelia rubriflora and M. mediocris.
| Plant feature | Michelia rubriflora Y.W. Law & R.Z. Zhou | Michelia mediocris Dandy |
| tree dimensions | to 15 m × 25 cm dbh | 35 m x 90 cm dbh† (30 m x 190 cm dbh)‡ |
| indumentum of buds | greyish-white or pale brown appressed pilose | rufous appressed puberulent¶ |
| indumentum of branchlets | greyish-white or pale brown appressed pilose | appressed grey or yellowish-brown tomentose |
| leaf shape | ovate-elliptic | elliptic or elliptic-oblong |
| leaf dimensions | 5–9 × 2.5–3.5 cm | 6–13 × 3–5 cm§ |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | greyish-white or pale brown appressed pilose | initially appressed greyish pubescent (greyish-white appressed puberulent)¶ |
| leaf texture | leathery | thinly leathery¶ |
| lateral leaf veins | 9–11 either side of midrib | 12–15 either side of midrib |
| stipular scars | 1–2 mm long | none¶ |
| petiole length and indumentum | 1–2.5 cm, greyish-white or pale brown appressed pilose | 1.5–3 cm§, initially appressed grey tomentellous, then glabrescent |
| tepal number /colour | 9, red | 9–10#, white¶ |
| tepal size and shape | 2.5–3.5 × 1.0–1.2 cm, lanceolate | 1.8–2.2 × 0.5–0.8 cm, spathulate§ |
| stamen length /colour | 1.5–1.7 cm, red | 1.0–1.5 cm§, yellowish-green |
| gynophore | not exserted above androecium | extended well above androecium (illustration)¶ |
| flowering period | October–November | December–January¶ [China] February–March # [Vietnam] |
| fruiting period | October–November of the next year | August–September ¶ [China] September–October# [Vietnam] of the same year |
Magnolia rufisyncarpa , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia rufisyncarpa Y.W. Law, R.Z. Zhou & F.G. Wang. In: F.G. Wang et al., Nordic J. Bot. 24(5): 519, fig. 1 (2004).
Chinese name
红雌蕊木莲 meaning “red gynoecium manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Yunnan Province: Wenshan, Mount Laojun, 1600 m, 12 May 2001, Zhou Ren-zhang 008 (holotype
paratype [P: P00634914]: http://mediaphoto.mnhn.fr/media/1443127138308WwtO3rNrsfBvSzZP
Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume. In:
Magnolia insignis Wall. In:
Note
Manglietia rufisyncarpa is listed as a synonym of M. insignis in Flora of China (
Magnolia septipetala , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia septipetala Z.L. Nong. In: Guihaia 13(3): 220–221, fig. 1 (1993).
Chinese name
七瓣含笑 meaning “seven-petals (tepals) michelia” (the tepals in fact are recorded as 7–9)
Type
CHINA. Jiangxi Province: Xinfeng County, Jinpen Shan, in woods, 21 May 1986, Nong Zhi-lin 086067 (holotype:
[
[
[
Michelia fujianensis Q.F. Zheng. In:
Michelia caloptila Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu. In:
Note
The holotype specimen of Michelia septipetala cannot be found at
Differentiating features of Michelia septipetala, M. fujianensis and M. caloptila.
| Plant feature | Michelia septipetala Z.L. Nong | Michelia fujianensis Q.F. Zheng | Michelia caloptila Y.W. Law & Y.F. Wu |
| maximum height | 28 m (30 m†) | to 16 m§ | ca. 15 m¶ |
| bark colour | greyish-white | greyish-brown | grey |
| indumentum of buds | densely ferrugineus-tomentose | densely cinnamon-coloured tomentose | brown tomentose |
| indumentum of branchlets | densely ferrugineus-tomentose | densely cinnamon-coloured tomentose | brown tomentose |
| leaf shape | oblong-elliptic | oblong or narrowly obovate-elliptic | narrowly elliptic or elliptic |
| leaf dimensions | 8–16 × 2.8–5.5 cm | 6–11 × 2.5–4 cm | 9–16 × 2.5–5 cm |
| leaf apex / base | short acuminate / broadly cuneate |
acute / rounded | acuminate or caudate-acuminate / cuneate |
| leaf indumentum adaxially | almost glabrous | densely short-tomentose at midrib | glabrous |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | ferrugineus-pubescent, denser at midrib | densely ferrugineus or brownish-yellow appressed sericeous | minutely brown tomentose |
| lateral leaf veins | 11–13 pairs | 8–9 pairs | 7–12 pairs |
| petiole length / indumentum | 5–7 mm, densely ferrugineus pubescent | 10–15 mm, densely cinnamon tomentose | 5–10 mm, brown tomentose |
| peduncle indumentum | densely ferrugineus-tomentose | densely cinnamon-coloured tomentose | not known |
| tepal number and shape | 7–9: external 3 tepals obovate, internal tepals narrowly obovate | 15–16: spathulate-oblong (12–17, outer 3 tepals narrowly obovate, inner tepals obovate, or narrowly ovate§) | 6–9: obovate-oblong# |
| stamen number and length | ca. 20, 10–15 mm | number not known, 4–5.5 mm |
ca. 35 (photo#), length not known |
| filament length | 4–5 mm | 1–1.5 mm | not known |
| gynoecium length | narrowly cylindric, ca. 20 mm | cylindric, ca. 5 mm | not known |
| gynophore length | ca. 8 mm | ca. 1 mm | not known |
| immature carpels | ca. 20, densely yellow-brown sericeous, with 2–3 ovules each carpel | pubescent, most aborted | not known |
| gynophore in fruit | yellow-brown tomentose, 18–25 mm long | pilose, 2–2.5 mm long | ca. 20 mm long |
| fruit aggregates | 7–13 cm long | 2–3 cm | 4–10 cm long |
| mature carpels | sessile, oblong or rounded, 1–1.8 × 0.9–1.3 cm with 1–3 seeds | obovoid, 1.5–2 cm × ca. 1.2 cm with 1 seed | broadly ovate or suborbicular, 1–1.8 cm long with 1–4 seeds. |
| flowering period | May (–June?) | January–February‡ December–January§ | not known |
| fruiting period | November | October–November§ | September¶ |
Magnolia sinoconifera , comb. nov.
Basionym
Manglietia sinoconifera F.N. Wei. In: Guihaia 13(1): 5, fig. s.n. (1993).
Chinese name
那坡木莲 meaning “Napo manglietia”
Type
CHINA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Guilin Botanical Garden (cultivated; introduced from Napo County, W Guangxi), 3 June 1991, Wei Fa-nan 1910 (holotype:
Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy. In:
Note 1
The holotype specimen of Manglietia sinoconifera cannot be found at
Note 2
Some of the features distinguishing Manglietia sinoconifera from M. dandyi, under which it is questionably placed as conspecific in Flora of China due to uncertainty over its status (because the holotype could not be sighted), are listed in Table
Differentiating features of the species Manglietia sinoconifera and M. dandyi.
| Plant feature | Manglietia sinoconifera F.N. Wei | Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy |
| life form | ca. 10 m | to 15 m‡ |
| indumentum of branchlets | densely light reddish-brown | initially soft red pilose, finally ash-grey and almost glabrous |
| leaf shape | oblanceolate | ovate or broadly lanceolate |
| leaf dimensions | 15–24 × 5.5–8 cm | 16–17 × 7–8 cm (16–24 × 5–8.5 cm‡) |
| leaf apex | cuspidate | short acuminate |
| leaf base | cuneate | obtuse |
| leaf indumentum abaxially | appressed brown pubescent | red pilose |
| petiole length and indumentum | 2.2–3 cm, appressed brown pubescent | 3 cm (1.2–2.3 cm‡), red pilose |
| lateral leaf vein pairs | 14–19 | 8–13‡ |
| tepal number and shape | 11: outer 3 oblong, inner 8 generally obovate and spathulate | 9–11: outer 3 obovate-oblong‡, intermediate obovate, innermost oblanceolate |
| tepal dimensions and indumentum (outer 3) | 6.5 × 3.5 cm, glabrous | 2–2.2 × 1.5–1.7 cm, pubescent externally at base‡ |
| stamen length | 10–13 mm | 5.5–7 mm‡ |
| gynoecium length | ca. 25 mm | 10–13 mm‡ |
| ovules in each carpel | 12 | 2–10‡ |
| flowering period | May† | April‡ |
Magnolia sonlaensis , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia sonlaensis Q.N. Vu. In: Q.N. Vu et al., Nordic J. Bot. 37(9): 2–3, figs. 1,2 (2019).
Vietnamese name: Giổi sơn la, meaning “Son La michelia”
Type
VIETNAM. Son La Province: Yen Chau District, Muong Lum Municipality, Lum village, degraded secondary vegetation, 2270 m, 104°28'44.25"E, 21°00'56.53"N, 1 May 2018, Nam 152018.2 (holotype:
Magnolia urceolata , comb. nov.
Basionym
Yulania urceolata D.L. Fu, B.H. Xiong & X. Chen. In: D.L. Fu et al., Amer. J. Agric. and Forest. 7(5): 219–220, fig. 4 (2019b).
Chinese name
宽瓣玉兰 meaning “wide-capsuled yulan”
Type
CHINA. Lectotype: Liu Yuhu in Zheng W.J. (Ed) Flora of Trees of China 1: 459; fig. 139 (1983). Guizhou Province: Weining County, 2300 m, 30 September 2017, D.L. Fu 2017093001 (paratype:
Note
The type specimens of Yulania urceolata cannot be located at the Beijing herbarium of
Magnolia xinningia , comb. nov.
Basionym
Michelia xinningia Y.W. Law & R.Z. Zhou ex Q.X. Ma et al., Pakistan J. Bot. 37(1): 37, fig. 1 (2005).
Chinese name
新宁含笑 meaning “Xinning michelia”
Type
CHINA. Hunan Province: Xinning County, Ziyunshan, in evergreen broad-leaved forests, 1500 m, 20 September 1992, R.Z. Zhou 197 (holotype:
Michelia cavaleriei var. cavaleriei. In:
Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy. In: Sima & Lu (2009: 55) and
Note 1
Digital images of R.Z. Zhou 197 and 0197 were received from
Note 2
In Flora of China (
Differentiating features of the species Michelia xinningia and M. foveolata.
| Plant feature | Michelia xinningia Y.W. Law & R.Z. Zhou | Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy |
| maximum height | 20 m | 30+ m |
| bark colour | greyish-brown | pale grey or dark grey# |
| indumentum of buds | golden villose | densely rufous tomentellous# |
| indumentum of branchlets | golden villose | densely rufous tomentellous# |
| leaf shape | narrowly elliptic | oblong-elliptic, elliptic ovate or broadly lanceolate# |
| leaf dimensions | 12–18 × 4.5–5.5 cm | 17–23 × 6–11 cm# |
| leaf texture | Leathery | thickly leathery# |
| lateral leaf veins | 8–9 pairs | 16–20 pairs (16–26 pairs§) |
| leaf abaxially | golden villose with brown pilose midrib | densely coppery-red tomentellous# |
| petiole length and indumentum | 1–1.5 cm (1.5–2 cm†), golden villose | 1.5–4 cm††, silky brown pubescent¶ |
| tepal number, colour, with shape and size of outer 3 | 9, white, obovate, 4–5 × ca. 2 cm (7–9 tepals in photo |
9–12, pale yellow with purplish base, broadly ovate, 6–7 cm long# |
| staminal complex length | ca. 15 mm | ca. 22–25 mm‡ |
| stamen number | 30–35 | ca. 50§ |
| filament colour | Red | dark purple# |
| anther length | ca. 0.8 cm | 1.5–2 cm§ |
| gynoecium length | ca. 1.6 cm | 2–3 cm§ |
| gynophore length | 15–20 mm | 12–15 mm‡ |
| flowering period | April–May | March–May# |
| elevation and distribution | 900–1500 m, Xinning, Hunan# | 500–1800 m, Guangdong, S Guangxi, SE Guizhou, W Hubei, S Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Yunnan# |
Note 3
Bearing in mind the above discussion and comparative features, Michelia xinningia is an obviously distinct species. Therefore it is here transferred to Magnolia due to the past reduction of the previous segregate genera of subfamily Magnolioideae to the genus Magnolia.
Note 4
A search of the literature has found that Michelia xinningia is in cultivation at 4 Chinese botanical gardens, each in which M. platypetala and M. foveolata are also cultivated (
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance received from Miguel Garcia, Research Librarian at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia. Also from William Hastie, Research Librarian at the CSIRO Black Mountain Library, Canberra, Australia and Dr Kang Wang at Beijing Botanical Gardens during our search for relevant literature.
Thanks are expressed to the following herbaria curators or research staff who sent the authors requested type specimens: Prof. Zhang Zhixiang and Dr Wang Ao at
Also our thanks to Dr Yan Lihong at
We would like to express our gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Priscilla Muriel (Ecuador) and an anonymous reviewer for their reviews of the final version of the manuscript. Also to the 2 anonymous reviewers of the original manuscript when submitted to another journal in 2019 and subsequently rejected by the editor because “ it does not fit within the scope or focus” of the journal.
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Appendix 1
List of the acronyms of institutional herbaria appearing in this paper.
A Arnold Arboretum Herbarium (of Harvard University Herbaria), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
HFTC Herbarium, Hunan Forestry Technical College, Hengyang, Hunan, China
HN Herbarium, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
K Royal Botanic Gardens Herbarium, Kew, Surrey, London, UK
L Leiden University Branch (Rijksherbarium), National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden, the Netherlands
P Herbarium National de Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
SIF Dendrological Herbarium, Forestry School of Sichuan, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
W Herbarium, Natural History Museum, Wien, Austria
Herbaria references
The above herbarium acronyms and their institutes were located in the following publications:
Chen SC, Li JL, Zhu XY, Zhang ZY (1990) Bibliography of Chinese Systematic Botany (1949–1990). Guangdong Science & Technology Press, Guangzhou. iv + 810 pp. [In Chinese and English] [Chinese Herbaria, pp. 667–684; Herbarium Abbreviations, pp. 685–698]
Fu LK, Zhang XC, Qin HN, Ma JS (Eds) (1993) Index Herbariorum Sinicorum. China Science and Technology Press, Beijing. vii + 458 pp. [In Chinese and English]
Holmgren PK, Holmgren NH, Barnett LC (Eds) (1990) Index Herbariorum. Part 1. The Herbaria of the World. Eighth Edition. Regnum Vegetabile Vol. 120, New York Botanical Garden (on behalf of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy), The Bronx, New York, x + 693 pp.
Herbaria acronyms may now be searched at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ [acc: 27.04.2020]
Jin SY, Chen YL (1994) A Catalogue of Type Specimens (Cormophyta) in the Herbaria of China. Science Press, Beijing. xi + 716 pp. [In Chinese] [Magnoliaceae: pp. 453–457; Herbaria acronyms: pp.696–708]