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Corresponding author: Guang-Wan Hu ( guangwanhu@wbgcas.cn ) Academic editor: Patrick Herendeen
© 2020 Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau, Quentin Luke, Mwadime Nyange, Vincent Okelo Wanga, Benjamin Muema Watuma, Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni, Jacinta Ndunge Munyao, Millicent Akinyi Oulo, Elijah Mbandi Mkala, Solomon Kipkoech, Malombe Itambo, Guang-Wan Hu, Qing-Feng Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Ngumbau VM, Luke Q, Nyange M, Wanga VO, Watuma BM, Mbuni YM, Munyao JN, Oulo MA, Mkala EM, Kipkoech S, Itambo M, Hu G-W, Wang Q-F (2020) An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa. PhytoKeys 147: 1-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602
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The inadequacy of information impedes society’s competence to find out the cause or degree of a problem or even to avoid further losses in an ecosystem. It becomes even harder to identify all the biological resources at risk because there is no exhaustive inventory of either fauna or flora of a particular region. Coastal forests of Kenya are located in the southeast part of Kenya and are distributed mainly in four counties: Kwale, Kilifi, Lamu, and Tana River County. They are a stretch of fragmented forests ca. 30−120 km away from the Indian Ocean, and they have existed for millions of years. Diversity of both fauna and flora is very high in these relicts and the coastal forests of Eastern Africa, extending along the coast from Somalia through Kenya and Tanzania to Mozambique, are ranked among the priority biodiversity hotspot in the world. In spite of the high plant species richness and their importance towards supporting the livelihoods of the communities that live around them, floristic studies in these forests have remained poorly investigated. Hence, based on numerous field investigations, plant lists from published monograph/literature, and data from BRAHMS (Botanical Records and Herbarium Management System) database at East African herbarium (EA), we present a detailed checklist of vascular plants recorded in this region. Our results show that Kenyan coastal forests play an essential role in the flora of Kenya and the plant diversity of the coastal forests of East Africa. The checklist represents 176 families, 981 genera, 2489 species, 100 infraspecific taxa, 90 endemic plants species, 72 exotic species, and 120 species that are included in the current IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as species of major concern. We also discovered three new species to the world from these relicts. Thus, Kenyan coastal forests present a remarkable and significant center of plant diversity.
Biodiversity, checklist, coastal forests, endemic, threatened species
Africa is among the world’s major centers of endemism and species-rich biodiversity regions (
Coastal forests of Eastern Africa are ranked among the 35 identified world’s biodiversity hotspots due to the concentration of many endemic species and habitat loss (
Loss of habitat due to human activities is the most severe threat to biodiversity and has become a major global environmental problem (
Floristic studies, however, provide a basic outline for plant conservation. Based on these studies, it is possible to determine the condition of an ecosystem, the primary relationships of species with each other or with the environment, and the identity of rare species or widespread species (
The study was carried out in the Kenyan coastal region located in the southeast part of Kenya (Fig.
Plant species data for the checklist of Kenya coastal forests were obtained from three primary sources. Firstly, collection records collected during floristic surveys carried out between 2015 and 2018. Different forest patches were visited and surveyed at different seasons to mainly cover the area where there had been few or no previous collections. The investigations included random walks while collecting fertile plant specimens. Details of collected specimens were recorded in a notebook. Information such as habit, habitat, location, and collector details were recorded as well. All collected materials were then processed (pressed and dried) and later deposited at the East Africa herbarium (
Further information about the species recorded at the coastal forests was checked on specimens found in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (www.gbif.org). Identification of collected specimens was made using taxonomic monographs/floras (FT
A total of 2489 vascular plant species and 100 infraspecific taxa (subspecies and varieties) belonging to 981 genera and 176 families are comprehensively listed and presented here. This represents 39.55%, 63.78%, and 78.67%, respectively, of the total number of taxa found in Kenya flora (FT
The top 5 most species-rich families for coastal forests of Kenya are Fabaceae (226 species), Poaceae (207 species), Rubiaceae (137 species), Malvaceae (117 species), and Cyperaceae (111 species). The top 5 most species-rich genera are Cyperus (48 species, Cyperaceae), Euphorbia (28 species, Euphorbiaceae), Justicia (27 species, Acanthaceae), Ipomoea (25 species, Convolvulaceae), and Crotalaria (23 species, Fabaceae) (Table
The 10 largest families and genera of the vascular plants of Kenya coastal region.
Family | Genus | Species | Genus | Species |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fabaceae | 80 | 226 | Cyperus | 48 |
Poaceae | 72 | 207 | Euphorbia | 28 |
Rubiaceae | 63 | 137 | Justicia | 27 |
Malvaceae | 30 | 117 | Ipomoea | 25 |
Cyperaceae | 18 | 111 | Indigofera | 24 |
Acanthaceae | 30 | 108 | Crotalaria | 23 |
Apocynaceae | 53 | 101 | Berlaria | 19 |
Euphorbiaceae | 26 | 87 | Ficus | 19 |
Asteraceae | 49 | 82 | Combretum | 19 |
Lamiaceae | 18 | 67 | Hibiscus | 18 |
Orchidaceae | 23 | 60 | Grewia | 17 |
The growth forms (trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs) have widely different mechanical architectures, which can also vary phenotypically with the environment (
The Red List and Red Data species system is an approach developed by the IUCN for evaluating the conservation status of species, and in particular for identifying and documenting species in need of conservation attention (
IUCN category | No. of Species | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Extinct in wild (EW) | 1 | 0.83% |
Critically endangered (CR) | 11 | 9.17% |
Endangered (EN) | 30 | 25% |
Vulnerable (VU) | 52 | 43.33% |
Near threatened (NT) | 26 | 21.67% |
Total | 120 | 100% |
Families with the largest to the smallest number of threatened and near threatened taxa and their percentage representatives.
Family | No. of species | Percentage (%) |
Acanthaceae | 21 | 17.5 |
Fabaceae | 17 | 14.17 |
Annonaceae | 14 | 11.67 |
Rubiaceae | 9 | 7.5 |
Moraceae | 5 | 4.17 |
Asphodelaceae | 4 | 3.33 |
Loranthaceae | 4 | 3.33 |
Araceae | 3 | 2.5 |
Asteraceae | 3 | 2.5 |
Malvaceae | 3 | 2.5 |
Orchidaceae | 3 | 2.5 |
Burseraceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Combretaceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Euphorbiaceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Melastomataceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Meliaceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Putranjivaceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Sapotaceae | 2 | 1.67 |
Anacardiaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Apocynaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Burmanniaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Buxaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Canellaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Connaraceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Crassulaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Ebenaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Gesneriaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Lamiaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Lythraceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Menispermaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Montiniaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Myristicaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Picrodendraceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Rhamnaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Rutaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Salicaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Sapindaceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Zosteraceae | 1 | 0.83 |
Totals | 120 | 100 |
List of threatened and near threatened plant taxa found in Kenya coastal region.
Family | Species | Life form | IUCN | Version |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crassulaceae | Kalanchoe fadeniorum Raadts | Herb | Extinct in the wild | 3.1 |
Acanthaceae | Justicia drummondii Vollesen | Herb | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Megalochlamys tanaensis Vollesen | Herb | Critically Endangered | 3.1 | |
Annonaceae | Uvaria puguensis D.M. Johnson | Liana | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Burmanniaceae | Afrothismia baerae Cheek | Herb | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Combretaceae | Combretum tenuipetiolatum Wickens | Tree | Critically Endangered | 2.3 |
Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia tanaensis P.R.O. Bally | Tree | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Gesneriaceae | Streptocarpus ionanthus subsp. rupicola (B. L. Burtt) Christenh. | Herb | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Lamiaceae | Karomia gigas (Faden) Verdc. | Tree | Critically Endangered | 2.3 |
Loranthaceae | Taxillus wiensii Polhill | Shrub | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Malvaceae | Cola porphyrantha Brenan | Tree | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Rubiaceae | Vangueriopsis shimbaensis A.P. Davis & Q. Luke | Tree | Critically Endangered | 3.1 |
Acanthaceae | Asystasia linearis S. Moore | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 |
Barleria lukei I. Darbysh. | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Barleria maculata S. Moore | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Blepharis kenyensis Vollesen | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Cephalophis lukei Vollesen | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Barleria whytei S. Moore | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Justicia faulknerae Vollesen | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Justicia breviracemosa Vollesen | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Monanthotaxis faulknerae Verdc. | Liana | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Toussaintia orientalis Verdc. | Tree | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Uvariodendron gorgonis Verdc. | Tree | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Uvaria faulknerae Verdc. | Liana | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Asteraceae | Aspilia macrorrhiza Chiov. | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 |
Asphodelaceae | Aloe kilifiensis Christian | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 |
Araceae | Stylochaeton bogneri Mayo | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 |
Ebenaceae | Diospyros shimbaensis F. White | Tree | Endangered | 2.3 |
Fabaceae | Newtonia erlangeri (Harms) Brenan | Tree | Endangered | 3.1 |
Crotalaria laburnoides var. nudicarpa Polhill | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Cynometra lukei Beentje | Tree | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Gigasiphon macrosiphon (Harms) Brenan | Tree | Endangered | 2.3 | |
Bauhinia mombassae Vatke | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Dalbergia gloveri Q. Luke, ined. | Liana | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Loranthaceae | Englerina ramulosa (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 |
Agelanthus microphyllus Polhill & Wiens | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Malvaceae | Cola octoloboides Brenan | Tree | Endangered | 3.1 |
Montiniaceae | Grevea eggelingii var. keniensis (Verdc.) Verdc. | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 |
Orchidaceae | Habenaria stylites Rchb.f. & S. Moore | Herb | Endangered | 3.1 |
Polystachya teitensis P.J. Cribb | Epiphytic herb | Endangered | 3.1 | |
Rhamnaceae | Ziziphus robertsoniana Beentje | Tree | Endangered | 3.1 |
Rubiaceae | Multidentia sclerocarpa (K. Schum.) Bridson | Shrub | Endangered | 3.1 |
Acanthaceae | Barleria usambarica Lindau | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Justicia galeata Hedrén | shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Asystasia minutiflora Ensermu & Vollesen | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Barleria maritima I. Darbysh. | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Blepharis pratensis S. Moore | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Dicliptera inconspicua I. Darbysh. | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Anisotes galanae (Baden) Vollesen | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Justicia brevipila Hedrén | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Justicia heterotricha Mildbr. | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Annonaceae | Isolona cauliflora Verdc. | Tree | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Uvariodendron kirkii Verdc. | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Annonaceae | Xylopia arenaria Engl. | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Mkilua fragrans Verdc. | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Apocynaceae | Pleioceras orientale Vollesen | Tree | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Asteraceae | Emilia bellioides (Chiov.) C. Jeffrey | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Araceae | Gonatopus petiolulatus (Peter) Bogner | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Asphodelaceae | Aloe massawana Reynolds | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Aloe ukambensis Reynolds | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Buxaceae | Buxus obtusifolia (Mildbr.) Hutch. | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Canellaceae | Warburgia stuhlmannii Engl. | Tree | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Euphorbiaceae | Pycnocoma littoralis Pax | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Fabaceae | Newtonia paucijuga (Harms) Brenan | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Sesbania speciosa Taub. | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Angylocalyx braunii Harms | Tree | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Cynometra webberi Baker f. | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Dalbergia vacciniifolia Vatke | Liana | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Diospyros greenwayi F. White | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Prioria msoo (Harms) Breteler | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Loranthaceae | Erianthemum alveatum (Sprague) Danser | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Lythraceae | Ammannia parkeri var. longifolia (Verdc.) S.A. Graham & Gandhi | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Malvaceae | Hibiscus holstii Mwachala | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Melastomataceae | Memecylon verruculosum Brenan | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Warneckea mouririifolia (Brenan) Borhidi | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Menispermaceae | Cissampelos nigrescens var. nigrescens | Climber | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Moraceae | Dorstenia tayloriana var. tayloriana | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Ficus faulkneriana C.C. Berg | Tree | Vulnerable | 3.1 | |
Myristicaceae | Cephalosphaera usambarensis (Warb.) Warb. | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Orchidaceae | Ansellia africana Lindl. | Epiphytic herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Picrodendraceae | Aristogeitonia monophylla Airy shaw | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Putranjivaceae | Drypetes natalensis var. leiogyna Brenan | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Drypetes usambarica var. trichogyna Radcl.-Sm. | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Rubiaceae | Pavetta linearifolia Bremek. | Shrub | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Tarenna drummondii Bridson | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Vangueria pallidiflora (Bullock) Lantz | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Afrocanthium kilifiense (Bridson) Lantz | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Pavetta tarennoides S. Moore | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Rothmannia macrosiphon (K. Schum. ex Engl.) Bridson | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Rutaceae | Vepris sansibarensis (Engl.) Mziray | Shrub | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Sapindaceae | Chytranthus obliquinervis Radlk. ex Engl. | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 |
Sapotaceae | Mimusops riparia Engl. | Tree | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Pouteria pseudoracemosa (J.H. Hemsl.) L.Gaut. | Tree | Vulnerable | 2.3 | |
Zosteraceae | Zostera capensis Setch. | Herb | Vulnerable | 3.1 |
Acanthaceae | Chlamydacanthus lindavianus H. Winkl. | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Justicia anisophylla (Mildbr.) Brummitt | Herb | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Anacardiaceae | Lannea schweinfurthii var. acutifoliolata (Engl.) Kokwaro | Tree | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Annonaceae | Uvaria kirkii Oliv. ex Hook. f. | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Uvaria denhardtiana Engl. & Diels | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Asteranthe asterias (S. Moore) Engl. & Diels | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Huberantha stuhlmannii (Engl.) Chaowasku | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Ophrypetalum odoratum Diels | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Araceae | Callopsis volkensii Engl. | Herb | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Asteraceae | Brachylaena huillensis O. Hoffm. | Tree | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Asphodelaceae | Aloe deserti A. Berger | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Burseraceae | Commiphora obovata Chiov. | Shrub | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Burseraceae | Commiphora pseudopaolii J.B. Gillett | Tree | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Combretaceae | Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. & Diels | Tree | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Connaraceae | Ellipanthus madagascariensis (G. Schellenb.) Capuron ex Keraudren | Tree | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Fabaceae | Dialium orientale Baker f. | Shrub | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
Dalbergia eremicola Polhill | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. | Shrub | Near Threatened | 2.3 | |
Erythrina sacleuxii Hua | Tree | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Meliaceae | Lovoa swynnertonii Baker f. | Tree | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Pseudobersama mossambicensis (Sim) Verdc. | Tree | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Moraceae | Dorstenia hildebrandtii var. hildebrandtii | Herb | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Dorstenia goetzei Engl. | Herb | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Dorstenia warneckei Engl. | Herb | Near Threatened | 3.1 | |
Rubiaceae | Coffea pseudozanguebariae Bridson | Shrub | Near Threatened | 3.1 |
Salicaceae | Bivinia jalbertii Tul. | Tree | Near Threatened | 2.3 |
From our results, 551 species were endemic to coastal forests of East Africa. 185 plant species are endemic to Kenya and Tanzania coastal forests and 89 species are only found in Kenya coastal forests (Tables
Number of endemic species in coastal of East Africa forests found in Kenya coastal forests.
Region | No. of endemic species |
Kenyan coastal forests | 90 |
Kenyan and Tanzanian coastal forests | 185 |
East Africa coastal endemic | 551 |
Family | Species | Life form |
---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | Blepharis kenyensis Vollesen | Herb |
Dicliptera maculata subsp. A | Herb | |
Justicia drummondii Vollesen | Herb | |
Justicia sp. aff. fittonioides S. Moore | Herb | |
Justicia sp. F | Herb | |
Megalochlamys tanaensis Vollesen | Herb | |
Amaranthaceae | Hermbstaedtia gregoryi C.B. Clarke | Herb |
Ancistrocladaceae | Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum J.Léonard | Liana |
Annonaceae | Polyceratocarpus sp. ?nov. | Tree |
Uvariodendron schmidtii Q. Luke ined. | Tree | |
Xylopia keniensis D. M. Johnson | Tree | |
Apocynaceae | Echidnopsis ericiflora Lavranos | Herb |
Huernia andreaeana (Rauh) L.C. Leach | Herb | |
Huernia archeri L.C.Leach | Herb | |
Raphionacme cf. jurensis N.E. Br. | Climber | |
Ceropegia racemosa var. voiensis Masinde | Herb | |
Asparagaceae | Sansevieria ballyi L.E. Newton | Herb |
Sansevieria francisii Chahinian | Herb | |
Sansevieria nitida Chahinian | Herb | |
Asteraceae | Athroisma pusillum T. Erikss. | Herb |
Burmanniaceae | Afrothismia baerae Cheek | Herb |
Capparaceae | Maerua mungaii Beentje | Shrub |
Thilachium roseomaculatum Y.B. Harv. & Vollesen | Herb | |
Caryophyllaceae | Polycarpaea grahamii Turrill | Herb |
Polycarpaea tenuistyla Turrill | Herb | |
Commelinaceae | Aneilema succulentum Faden | Herb |
Aneilema tanaense Faden | Herb | |
Convolvulaceae |
Merremia sp. C of FT |
Herb |
Crassulaceae | Kalanchoe ballyi Raym.-Hamet ex Cufod. | Herb |
Kalanchoe fadeniorum Raadts | Herb | |
Cucurbitaceae |
Cucumis sp. (Oreosyce sp. A of FT |
Climber |
Zehneria monocarpa G.W. Hu, V.M. Ngumbau & Q.F. Wang, sp. nov. | Climber | |
Cyperaceae | Bulbostylis densecaespitosa (Lye) R. W. Haines | Herb |
Bulbostylis hispidula subsp. intermedia (Lye) R.W. Haines | Herb | |
Cyperus boreobellus Lye | Herb | |
Cyperus kwaleensis Lye | Herb | |
Cyperus microumbellatus Lye | Herb | |
Dichapetalaceae | Dichapetalum fadenii Breteler | Liana |
Dichapetalum sp. ?nov. | Shrub | |
Euphorbiaceae | Croton kinondoensis G.W. Hu, V.M. Ngumbau & Q.F. Wang, sp. nov. | Shrub |
Euphorbia fluminis S. Carter | Shrub | |
Euphorbia tanaensis P.R.O. Bally | Tree | |
Euphorbia taruensis S. Carter | Herb | |
Erythrococca pentagyna Radcl.-Sm. | Shrub | |
Fabaceae | Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. keniensis Brenan & Brummitt | Shrub |
Aeschynomene sp. B | Shrub | |
Bauhinia mombassae Vatke | Shrub | |
Cynometra greenwayi Brenan | Tree | |
Dalbergia gloveri Q. Luke, ined. | Liana | |
Vigna membranacea subsp. hapalantha (Harms) Verdc. | Herb | |
Crotalaria grata Polhill | Shrub | |
Abrus sp. A of FT |
Herb | |
Lamiaceae | Endostemon wakefieldii (Baker) M. Ashby | Herb |
Lamiaceae | Plectranthus auriglandulosus A.J.Paton | Herb |
Lamiaceae | Leucas tsavoensis var. kilifiensis Sebald | Herb |
Loranthaceae | Taxillus wiensii Polhill | Shrub |
Lythraceae | Ammannia parkeri var. longifolia (Verdc.) S.A. Graham & Gandhi | Herb |
Malvaceae | Cola octoloboides Brenan | Tree |
Montiniaceae | Grevea eggelingii var. keniensis (Verdc.) Verdc. | Shrub |
Nyctaginaceae |
Boerhavia sp A of FT |
Herb |
Ochnaceae | Ochna sp. 17 of KTSL | Shrub |
Olacaceae | Strombosiopsis pentamera Q. Luke, ined. | Tree |
Orchidaceae | Eulophia serrata P.J. Cribb | Herb |
Passifloraceae | Turnera thomasii (Urb.) Story | Shrub |
Plumbaginaceae | Plumbago stenophylla Wilmot-Dear | Herb |
Poaceae | Eleusine semisterilis S.M.Phillips | Herb |
Eragrostis sp. A | Herb | |
Portulacaceae | Portulaca coralloides S.M.Phillips | Herb |
Rubiaceae | Tricalysia bridsoniana var. bridsoniana | Shrub |
Keetia lukei Bridson | Shrub | |
Mitriostigma greenwayi Bridson | Shrub | |
Pavetta tarennoides S.Moore | Shrub | |
Psydrax robertsoniae Bridson | Shrub | |
Psydrax sp. A of FT |
Shrub | |
Canthium mrimaense (Verdc.) Lantz | Shrub | |
Rytigynia sp. I of FT |
Shrub | |
Rytigynia sp. L of FT |
Tree | |
Spermacoce sp. B of FT |
Herb | |
Vangueriopsis shimbaensis A.P. Davis & Q. Luke | Tree | |
Rutaceae |
Vepris sp. (Diphasia sp. A of FT |
Tree |
Vepris robertsoniae Q. Luke, ined. | Tree | |
Vepris nr. stolzii I. Verd. | Tree | |
Salicaceae | Dovyalis keniensis E. V. Williams | Shrub |
Sapotaceae | Synsepalum subverticillatum (E.A. Bruce) T.D.Penn. | Shrub |
Synsepalum cf. subcordatum De Wild. | Tree | |
Solanaceae | Solanum malindiense Voronts. | Shrub |
Urticaceae | Pouzolzia fadenii Friis & Jellis | Herb |
Vitaceae |
Cyphostemma sp. I of FT |
Climber |
Cyphostemma sp. G | Climber | |
Cyphostemma sp. L of FT |
Climber |
Several new species have been discovered recently from the coastal forests of Kenya, Adenia angulosa (
A total of 72 introduced, cultivated or naturalized species are recorded in this study belonging to 67 genera and 32 families, for Kenya coastal region (Table
Family | Species | Growth form |
---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreem. | Herb |
Ruellia tuberosa L. | Herb | |
Ruspolia hypocrateriformis (Vahl) Milne-Redh. | Herb | |
Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. | Herb | |
Amaranthaceae | Gomphrena globosa L. | Herb |
Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. | Herb | |
Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. | Herb | |
Anacardiaceae | Mangifera indica L. | Tree |
Anacardium occidentale L. | Tree | |
Annonaceae | Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson | Tree |
Apiaceae | Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Herb |
Apocynaceae | Asclepias curassavica L. | Herb |
Araucariaceae | Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don | Tree |
Arecaceae | Areca catechu L | Herb |
Cocos nucifera L. | Tree | |
Asteraceae | Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. | Herb |
Tridax procumbens L. | Herb | |
Ageratum conyzoides L. | Herb | |
Acanthospermum hispidum DC. | Herb | |
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr | Herb | |
Bidens pilosa L. | Herb | |
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. | Herb | |
Bixaceae | Bixa orellana L. | Shrub |
Cactaceae | Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. | Shrub |
Cassuarinaceae | Casuarina equisetifolia L. | Tree |
Chrysobalanaceae | Dactyladenia barteri (Hook. f. ex Oliv.) Prance & F. White | Tree |
Combretaceae | Terminalia catappa L. | Tree |
Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. ex Engl. & Diels | Tree | |
Cucurbitaceae | Luffa cylindrica M. Roem. | Climber |
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai | Climber | |
Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia heterophylla L. | Herb |
Croton blanchetianus Baill. | Shrub | |
Fabaceae | Centrosema pubescens Benth. | Climber |
Desmodium adscendens var. adscendens | Herb | |
Senna timoriensis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby | Shrub | |
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. | Shrub | |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | Shrub | |
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. | Shrub | |
Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. | Tree | |
Tamarindus indica L. | Tree | |
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. | Tree | |
Senna siamea (Lam.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby | Tree | |
Parkinsonia aculeata L. | Tree | |
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. | Tree | |
Mimosa pudica var. unijuga (Duchass. & Walp.) Griseb. | Herb | |
Lamiaceae | Ocimum basilicum L. | Herb |
Lamiaceae | Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze | Herb |
Malvaceae | Corchorus parviflorus (Benth.) Domin | Herb |
Gossypium barbadense L. | Shrub | |
Gossypium hirsutum L. | Shrub | |
Melastomataceae | Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don | Shrub |
Meliaceae | Melia azedarach L. | Tree |
Toona ciliata M. Roem. | Tree | |
Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica A.Juss. | Tree |
Moringaceae | Moringa oleifera Lam. | Tree |
Myrtaceae | Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels | Tree |
Oxalidaceae | Oxalis latifolia Kunth | Herb |
Oxalis barrelieri L. | Herb | |
Oxalis corniculata L. | Herb | |
Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana L. | Herb |
Passifloraceae | Passiflora foetida L. | Climber |
Piperaceae | Piper betle L. | Herb |
Sapindaceae | Sapindus trifoliatus L. | Tree |
Solanaceae | Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | Herb |
Datura metel L. | Herb | |
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | Herb | |
Physalis angulata L. | Herb | |
Physalis minima L. | Herb | |
Solanum americanum Mill. | Herb | |
Talinaceae | Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. | Herb |
Verbenaceae | Lantana camara L. | Shrub |
Stachytarpheta urticifolia Sims | Shrub |
Kenya coastal forests host a large number of species and provide a unique habitat for many species of special concern and endemic plant species. It harbors hundreds of plant species that are only found in coastal forests of East Africa. In addition, they are home to almost half of plant species found in Kenya flora (39.55%), and more than half of species found in the coastal forests of East Africa (65%). Despite this high plant diversity relevance, they have undergone a history of anthropogenic disturbance since the colonial era (
This checklist is designed for use by anybody interested in the plants of the Kenya coastal region. However, it will be most useful to professionals and students who have some botanical knowledge. Information such as voucher number, habit, habitat, altitude is recorded for each species. Species without voucher numbers were not included in the checklist. Species preceded by “?” means that there is doubt over the correct identification, those preceded with “letter” means that they have not been described and finally vouchers documented as “sr” means that they were sight recorded.
F1. Selaginellaceae
1 Genus, 3 Species
Selaginella eublepharis A. Braun Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal forest and bushland, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Robertson & Luke 5840, Hildebrandt 1961, Drummond & Hemsley 4258, Wamukoya G K7–x936 (
Selaginella mittenii Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet rocks of forest streams, waterfalls in evergreen forest, ca. 20 m. Voucher: Luke et al. 4521 (
Selaginella perpusilla Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: In Hyphaene grassland in shade of grasses, 7–400 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4034, Faden & Evans 70/441, Rawlins 38, Faden RB 70/441 (
F2. Aspleniaceae
1 Genus, 5 Species
Asplenium affine var. mettenii (Kuhn) Tardieu Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Kresten 29 (
Asplenium buettneri Hieron. Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 280 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V016 (
Asplenium erectum Bory ex Willd. Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 400 m. Voucher: HD van Someren 116 (
Asplenium nidus L. Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 0–275 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V067 (
Asplenium emarginatum P. Beauv. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, ca. 40 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 1645, Faden & Faden 72/224 (
F3. Azollaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Azolla nilotica Decne. ex Mett. Habit: Herb. Habitat: River, lake edges, and temporary pools, ca. 10 m. Voucher: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2751 (
F4. Blechnaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Stenochlaena tenuifolia (Desv.) Moore Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Swamp forest, ca. 0–140 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0229 (
F5. Dryopteridaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Bolbitis auriculata (Lam.) Alston Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2750, Luke 1648 (
F6. Davalliaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Davallia denticulata (Burm. f.) Mett. ex Kuhn Habit: Epiphyte. Habitat: Bushland on rocks, ca. 2–410 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0305 (
F7. Dennstaedtiaceae
2 Genera, 2 Species
Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests edge, 350–700 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA 8199 (
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally wet grassland, 0–150 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 25, Bally & Smith 14340 (
F8. Hymenophyllaceae
2 Genera, 2 Species
Crepidomanes chevalieri (Christ) Ebihara & Dubuisson Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 150–500 m. Voucher: Faden et al. 70/812 (
Didymoglossum erosum (Willd.) J.P. Roux Habit: Low epiphytic or lithophytic herb. Habitat: Shaded rocks or trunk of trees, ca. 230 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2760 (
F9. Nephrolepidaceae
1 Genus, 2 Species
Nephrolepis acutifolia (Desv.) Christ Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky cliff or Acacia-Commiphora bushland, ca. 230 m. Voucher: Luke & Robertson 2530 (
Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest or streamside forest, ca. 417 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0322 (
F10. Ophioglossaceae
1 Genus, 5 Species
Ophioglossum costatum R. Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry deciduous woodland, ca. 10 m. Vouchers: Faden & Faden 74/1119, Festo 2731 (
Ophioglossum latifolium (Prantl) J. E. Burrows Habit: Herb. Habitat: In seasonally wet shallow sandy soils and deciduous woodland, ca. 10 m. Vouchers: Faden & Faden 74/1121, Faden RB 70/439B (
Ophioglossum lusoafricanum Welw. ex Prantl Habit: Herb. Habitat: In marshy areas among tall grasses, grassland, and woodland, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Faden 70/440 (
Ophioglossum nudicaule var. robustum J. S. Licht. Habit: Herb. Habitat: In shallow sandy soils, dry tropical woodland, and savannah, ca. 10 m. Voucher: Faden & Faden 74/1120 (
Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moist woodland, montane grassland among rocks, and forest margins, ca. 0–167 m. Vouchers: Magogo & Glover 896, Schippers RR 196 (
F11. Pteridaceae
8 Genera, 13 Species
Acrostichum aureum L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, ca. 253 m. Voucher: SAJIT–005915 (
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Road banks and riverbanks, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 3969 (
Adiantum comorense (Tardieu) Verdc. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rainforest, rivulet, road banks, and deep shade, 100–700 m. Vouchers: Gilbert et al. 4964, Magogo & Clover 726, Luke 3600 (
Adiantum incisum Forssk. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverside, path sides, and riverine forest, ca. 86 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0477 (
Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f. Habit: Terrestrial or lithophytic herb. Habitat: Lowland forest or woodland, 160 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 3147 (
Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy areas, swamp forests, marshes, ca. 15 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006213 & 005485 (
Cheilanthes involuta (Sw.) Schelpe & N. C. Anthony Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 90–450 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006131 (
Pellaea dura (Willd.) Hook. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest or woodland, ca. 90 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt 5290, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2786A (
Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverbanks, forest, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Luke 5273 (
Pteris atrovirens Willd. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady places, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: Faden RB 226, Luke WRQ 2936 (
Pteris hamulosa (Christ) Christ Habit: Terrestrial herb. Habitat: In shade on wet forest floors, ca. 100 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 2937, Luke & Robertson 2729 (
Pteris tripartita Sw. Habit: Terrestrial or epiphytic herb. Habitat: Moist area, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Faden RB 218 (
Vittaria elongata Sw. Habit: Epiphytic or lithophytic herb. Habitat: Low altitude forest, ca. 10–200 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5168, Magogo & Glover 222, Faden & Evans 70/414, Faden et al. 69/486 (
F12. Psilotaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry riverbeds, under cliff overhangs, on rocks, and in rock crevices, 0–100 m. Voucher: Dale in FD 3584 (
F13. Polypodiaceae
4 Genera, 5 Species
Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Rainforest, evergreen thicket, and riverine forest, ca. 30–300 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004664 & 005433, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0178 (
Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel. Habit: Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial herb. Habitat: Forest, evergreen thicket or beneath hedges in wet areas, 20–350 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt 3919, Luca, Jeffery & Kirika 230, Faden RB 69/484 (
Microsorum scolopendria (Burm. f.) Copel. Habit: Epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest and thicket, 0–297 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0152 (
Platycerium alcicorne Desv. Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Evergreen thickets, 30–200 m. Vouchers: Robertson & Luke 6362, Verdcourt 2408, RB & AJ Faden 72/66 (
Platycerium angolense Welw. ex Hook. Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Mixed evergreen forest, woodland, ca. 5–150 m. Vouchers: RB & AJ Faden 74/1144, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2811 (
F14. Tectariaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Tectaria puberula (Desv.) C. Chr. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1–150 m. Vouchers: Faden RB 70/808, Faden RB, Evans A & Msafiri F 952 (
F15. Thelypteridaceae
4 Genera, 5 Species
Chrismatopteris holttumii N. Quansah & D.S. Edwards Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 150 m. Voucher: Faden RB 70/422B (
Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy Habit: Herb. Habitat: Along stream banks in forest or forest floor, 0–100 m. Voucher: Faden RB 70/419 (
Christella hispidula (Decne.) Holttum Habit: Herb. Habitat: Terrestrial on forest floor away from water or along stream banks in forests, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2710 (
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Itô Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland swamps, 0–50 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA 4580 (
Sphaerostephanos arbuscula subsp. africanus Holttum Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady valley, near streams or forest fringing, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Faden RB 70/413, Drummond RB & Hemsley JH 1203 (
F16. Lygodiaceae
1 Genus, 2 Species
Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forests, near sea level. Voucher: Kersten 76 (
Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Swampy forest and thicket, ca. 10–200 m. Vouchers: Gardner in FD 1456, Drummond & Hemsley 1208, Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5146 (
F17. Zamiaceae
1 Genus, 1 species
Encephalartos hildebrandtii A. Braun & Bouché Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal evergreen bushland and lowland forest, ca. 31 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM, Waiganjo T & Kamau P 3800 (
F18. Acanthaceae
30 Genera, 108 Species
Anisotes galanae (Baden) Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Acacia and Acacia-Commiphora bushland, 25–550 m. Voucher: Robertson 5284 (
Anisotes parvifolius Oliv. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Acacia-Terminalia and Acacia-Commiphora bushland, 25–650 m. Vouchers: Bally, PRO 16793, Drummond & Hemsley 4265 (
Anisotes tanensis Baden Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland & limestone escarpments, 250–600 m. Voucher: Taylor WE 181 (
Asystasia ansellioides C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grassland or Hyphaene grassland, 15–200 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & PA 4509, Jeffrey GM 5, Bally 6105, Rawlins 699 (
Asystasia gangetica subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margin, woodland, wooded grassland, bushland, and sandy seashores, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0259 (
Asystasia guttata (Forssk.) Brummitt Habit: Herb. Habitat: Isolated inselberg in ACB, ca. 600 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 1396 (
Asystasia leptostachya Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy areas of rainforest, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 1650 (
Asystasia linearis S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Tall grassland on cotton soil, 25–200 m. Voucher: Gregory s.n. (
Asystasia minutiflora Ensermu & Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland wet evergreen forest, lowland semi-deciduous forest, and thicket, ca. 400 m. Vouchers: Bidgood, Abdallah & Vollesen s.n., Luke 1650, Magogo & Glover 1101 (
Asystasia moorei Ensermu Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland evergreen forest, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2703 (
Asystasia mysorensis (Roth) T. Anderson Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest, ca. 100 m. Vouchers: J Makin 14616, M Hucks 649 (
Asystasia sp. B Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine forest, 450 m. Voucher: Battiscombe 250 (
Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Inland fringes of mangrove associations, sandy dunes, mud of tidal rivers, and salty creeks, sea level. Vouchers: Graham RM 251, Greenway 8933 (
Barleria acanthoides Vahl Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 690 m. Voucher: Ossent J 18 (
Barleria argentea Balf. f. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, semi-desert bushland, grassland, disturbed, and eroded areas, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Gillett 19514 (
Barleria gracilispina (Fiori) I. Darbysh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and degraded areas, ca. 30 m. Voucher: Gillett & Gachathi 20522 (
Barleria inclusa I. Darbysh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open woodland, grassland or dry rocky, ca. 400 m. Voucher: Drummond RB & Hemsley 4138 (
Barleria linearifolia Rendle Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and wooded grassland, ca. 30 m. Voucher: Robertson 1816 (
Barleria lukei I. Darbysh. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest, ca. 264 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V099 (
Barleria maculata S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry rocky, wooded grassland, ca. 80 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 1953, Luke 3492 (
Barleria marginata Oliv. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open bushland and lightly wooded grassland, 100–650 m. Vouchers: Luke, Mbinda & Madudu 6346, Tweedie 2197 (
Barleria maritima I. Darbysh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland bushland, scrub on coral rag, and along the shoreline, ca. 15 m. Vouchers: Symes 189, Mainwaring 3045, Napier 2301, Tweedie 3165, Rayner 259 (
Barleria paolioides I. Darbysh. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Open woodland and grassland, 30–850 m. Voucher: Williams Sangai 832 (
Barleria polhillii subsp. polhillii Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry woodland, bushland, grassland, and grazed areas, 0–200 m. Voucher: Luke Q 5472 (
Barleria ramulosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry open bushland and wooded grassland, 6–152 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005909 (
Barleria repens Nees Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal dry forest and lowland woodland, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Graham 2102, Luke & Robertson 2598 (
Barleria sp. E Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Rawlins 771, Bally 16859 & 16864 (
Barleria submollis Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland or wooded grassland, ca. 182 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0349 (
Barleria taitensis S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, and margin of riverine grassland, ca. 620 m. Vouchers: Bally PRO 16890, Mwadime N 6 (
Barleria usambarica Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest margins, bushland, and grassland, 0–600 m. Vouchers: Robertson 6558, RB & AJ Faden 74/1157 (
Barleria ventricosa Hochst. ex Nees Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland and along forest margins, 700 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA 6023 (
Barleria whytei S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal forest on coral rag, 0–10 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 3923, Luke 2907, Luke & Saidi 5829 (
Blepharis kenyensis Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal bushland, 0–150 m. Vouchers: Kimeu JM 532, Graham RM 1630 (
Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, and forest habitats, ca. 95 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006127 & 004654 (
Blepharis pratensis S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 0–50 m. Vouchers: Taylor WE s.n., Polhill & Paulo 690, Makin 416, Luke 3064, 3398 & 3562 (
Cephalophis lukei Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet evergreen lowland forest, 25–400 m. Vouchers: Harvey & Vollens 41, Luke 3377 (
Chlamydacanthus lindavianus H. Winkl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal forest, 10–250 (–600) m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0421 (
Crabbea velutina S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, riverine forests, and thicket, ca. 35 m. Voucher: Luke Q 1485 (
Crossandra mucronata Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, upland forests, and dry riverine forest, 50–300 m. Voucher: Whyte A s.n. (
Crossandra pungens Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen or semi-evergreen coastal forest and thicket, 0–500 m. Vouchers: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2693, Drummond & Hemsley 3755A, Gillespie 312, Rawlins 71 (
Crossandra stenostachya (Lindau) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and riverine forest, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: Faden 74/986, Festo 2283 (
Dicliptera albicaulis (S. Moore) S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open Acacia woodland, short grassland, roadsides, ca. 800 m. Voucher: Mumiukha 29 (
Dicliptera heterostegia Nees Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal riverine forest, forest margins, secondary woodland, and thicket, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 137 (
Dicliptera inconspicua I. Darbysh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland moist semi-deciduous forest and riverine forest, 0–450 m. Voucher: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2692 (
Dicliptera maculata subsp. A Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland moist forest or roadsides, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Luke 2922, Luke stone & Baer 8243 (
Duosperma crenatum (Lindau) P.G. Mey. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Deciduous woodland and scrub, ca. 800 m. Voucher: Bally PRO 16824 (
Duosperma grandiflorum Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, woodland, and wooded grassland, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Mungai et al. 239/83 (
Dyschoriste hildebrandtii (S. Moore) S. Moore Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, and bushland, ca. 100 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4124, Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5981 (
Ecbolium amplexicaule S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, thicket, riverine forest, and sisal plantations, 0–400 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1465, Bally 13065, Robertson 5902, Drummond & Hemsley 3921 (
Ecbolium subcordatum var. subcordatum Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland Acacia and Acacia-Commiphora bushland, riverbanks, and river-beds, ca. 182 m. Vouchers: Bally PRO 16757, Luke et al. 644, Greenway 9818 (
Ecbolium subcordatum var. glabratum Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Low bushland and riverbanks, 60–152 m. Vouchers: Bally PRO 16819, Luke et al. TPR 387 (
Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, riverbeds, and coastal bushland on sand dunes, 0–50 m. Voucher: Faden 74/1114 (
Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alluvial grassland with Acacia-Combretum-Dobera thicket, 25–800 m. Vouchers: Greenway & Rawlins 9460, Faden 74/1059 (
Elytraria minor Dokosi Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, secondary thickets, and cultivated areas, 15–450 (–650) m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006026 (
Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonal pools or other stagnant water bodies, ca. 156 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005982, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0435 (
Hypoestes forskaolii subsp. hildebrandtii (Lindau) I. Darbysh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry grassland and open bushland, ca. 382 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006066, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0365 (
Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreem. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, ca. 2 m. Voucher: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0518 (
Justicia anisophylla (Mildbr.) Brummitt Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Lowland and semi-deciduous forest, ca. 200 m. Vouchers: Faden 77/421, Luke 29142 (
Justicia baravensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sandy foreshores, coastal bushland, 0–15 m. Vouchers: Robertson & Brummit 6763, Kokwaro 3900 (
Justicia betonica L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, and woodland, ca. 253 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0121 (
Justicia brevipila Hedrén Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 25–350 m. Vouchers: Luke et al. TRP785, Robertson & Luke 5728 (
Justicia breviracemosa Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland forest and riverine forest, 10–250 m. Voucher: Luke 4271 (
Justicia caerulea Forssk. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, riverine, and scrub, ca. 140 m. Vouchers: Thomas 38, RB & AJ Faden 74/985 (
Justicia calyculata Deflers Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and grassland, ca. 25 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 6039, Luke 3355 (
Justicia capensis Thunb. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest or forest grassland, 5–715 m. Vouchers: Luke & Robertson 1810 & 2029 (
Justicia debilis (Forssk.) Vahl Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 186 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0336 (
Justicia drummondii Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest, 75–200 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 3792, Robertson & Luke 5985, Luke 4508 (
Justicia engleriana Lindau Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland to low montane evergreen forest, ca. 372 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006150 (
Justicia faulknerae Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Semi-deciduous lowland forest, 150–450 m. Vouchers: Luke 1590, Luke & Robertson 1819 (
Justicia fittonioides S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry or semi-deciduous lowland forest, ca. 240 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V107 (
Justicia flava (Forssk.) Vahl Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margin and clearings, woodland, grassland, and bushland, (25–) 350 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006110 (
Justicia galeata Hedrén Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest and shrubland, ca. 274 m. Voucher: Dale IR 1077 (
Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Abandoned gardens, ca. 0–300 m. Vouchers: Dale 2015, Reitsma 448 (
Justicia heterotricha Mildbr. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 240 m. Vouchers: Luke & Robertson 2770, Luke WRQ 2931 (
Justicia inaequifolia Brummitt Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen or semi deciduous lowland forest or coral rag thicket, ca. 420 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006088 (
Justicia nyassana Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest, riverine forest, and woodland, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Drummond & Hemsley 3872 (
Justicia odora (Forssk.) Lam. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry wooded grassland, open woodland, and scrub, 0–300 m. Voucher: Field CR 59 (
Justicia pseudorungia Lindau Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland to montane evergreen forest, and riverine forest, 15 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006220 (
Justicia scandens Vahl Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bushland, and lake shores, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Luke & Robertson 2690 (
Justicia schimperiana subsp. campestris Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and dry riverine forest, ca. 35 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1521, Robertson & Luke 5328, Drummond & Hemsley 4119 (
Justicia sp. aff. fittonioides S. Moore. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 5985 (
Justicia sp. F of FT
Justicia stachytarphetoides (Lindau) C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland forest, riverine forest, thicket, and swamp forest, 5–400 m. Vouchers: MG Gilbert et al. 5909, Robertson & Luke 5337, BR Adams 78 (
Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland to montane forest, ca. 239 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0114 & 0354 (
Lankesteria alba Lindau Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 25–500 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006186 & 005933 (
Megalochlamys revoluta subsp. revoluta Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Bushland or grassland thicket, ca. 250 m. Voucher: Bally PRO 16778 (
Megalochlamys tanaensis Vollesen Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Lowland forest, ca. 25 m. Vouchers: Gillett et al. 19922, Luke 10727 (
Megalochlamys trinervia (C.B. Clarke) Vollesen Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Woodland or bushland, 25–200(–400) m. Vouchers: Brenan et al. 14774, Greenway & Rawlins 9459, Bally PRO16750, Luke 10726, Luke TPR247 (
Monothecium aristatum (Nees) T. Anderson Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland and medium altitude wet evergreen forest or swampy forest, ca. 200 m. Vouchers: Greenway & Rawlins 9358, K & L Holm 8, Robertson & Luke 5970, BR Adams 86 (
Phaulopsis gediensis Mankt. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest, thicket, and shrubland, 0–500 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA 6575, Luke WRQ 3968, Drummond & Hemsley 1091, Luke et al. 3372 (
Pseuderanthemum hildebrandtii Lindau Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal lowland, medium altitude forest, thicket, and bushland, ca. 199 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime M V0402 (
Pseuderanthemum subviscosum (C.B. Clarke) Stapf Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, and bushland, ca. 365 m. Vouchers: Luke 3947, Glover et al. 1154, Luke WRQ 886, Magogo & Glover 75 (
Rhinacanthus dichotomus var. dichotomus Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, coastal thicket, margins of cultivation, and roadsides, ca. 199 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0481 (
Rhinacanthus pulcher Milne-Redh. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 225–552 m. Voucher: Gillett 21100 (
Rhinacanthus rotundifolius C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 0–350 m. Vouchers: Gillett 19527, Luke et al. in TPR 640 (
Ruellia amabilis S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland and riverine forest, 25–450 m. Voucher: Gillett & Kibuwa 19949 (
Ruellia patula Jacq. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, woodland, and riverine forest, 60–400 m. Vouchers: Harvey & Vollens 52, Curtis A 13, Magogo & Glover 274 (
Ruellia prostrata Poir. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, and woodland, ca. 10 m. Vouchers: Luke et al. TRP775, M Robertson 6363 (
Ruellia tuberosa L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside or secondary grassland, ca. 150 m. Vouchers: Luke PA & WRQ 3076, Napier 6195, Luke 3076 (
Ruspolia hypocrateriformis (Vahl) Milne-Redh. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 0–100 m. Voucher: Bally 13702 (
Sclerochiton boivinii (Baill.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist forest, 0–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006181 & 005546, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V012 (
Sclerochiton vogelii subsp. holstii (Lindau) Napper Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Sub-tropical and tropical moist lowland, 0–500 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004648, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V022 (
Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Habit: Climber. Habitat: Dry bushland to disturbed and secondary vegetation, ca. 15 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006206 (
Thunbergia kirkii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen, semi-evergreen lowland, and lower montane forest, ca. 152 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005541 (
Thunbergia schimbensis S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland or wooded grassland, ca. 297 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0157 (
Thunbergia stelligera Lindau Habit: Climber. Habitat: Lowland forest, 100–650 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 3115, Luke & Robertson 2645 (
Trichaulax mwasumbii Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland or coastal thicket, 50–200 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V017 (
Whitfieldia elongata (P. Beauv.) De Wild. & T. Durand Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen lowland and lower montane forest, ca. 150 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 16, Luke WRQ 888, Drummond & Hemsley 1146, Bally 13711, Faden RB 70/809 (
Whitfieldia orientalis Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen lowland forest, 220–370 m. Vouchers: Faden 71/767, Luke 893B, Luke 4729 (
F19. Achariaceae
3 Genera, 3 Species
Lindackeria bukobensis Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest or forest edge, often in open mixed forest, ca. 50 m. Voucher: J Adanson 271 (
Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lowland and upland rainforest, dry evergreen forest, semi-swamp, and riverine forest, ca. 237 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006027, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0168 (
Xylotheca tettensis var. kirkii (Oliv.) Wild Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland woodland, bushland, and wooded grassland, 0–700 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0218 & 0542 (
F20. Aizoaceae
3 Genera, 5 Species
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Maritime shores, coastal dunes, and beaches, 0–200 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 6147, RM Graham 2221, Luke PA & WRQ 5648 (
Trianthema ceratosepala Volkens & Irmsch Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 135 m. Voucher: Bally 16715 (
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated ground, 0–250 m. Vouchers: Linder 2634, Verdcourt B 3617 (
Trianthema triquetra Willd. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, and saline sands, ca. 5 m. Vouchers: Rawlins SP 828, Drummond & Hemsley 4090, Luke Q 6147 (
Zaleya pentandra (L.) C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, bushland or grassland, ca. 30 m. Vouchers: Reitsma J 413, Drummond & Hemsley 1046, Muchiri J 490 (
F21. Alismataceae
2 Genera, 2 Species
Burnatia enneandra Micheli Habit: Herb. Habitat: Edges of slow flowing rivers and streams, shallow lakes, waterholes, and swamps, ca. 5 m. Voucher: Mwadime N 2573 (
Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps & pools, 15 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 5635, RM Graham 2164, Hildebrandt 1912 (
F22. Amaranthaceae
20 Genera, 38 Species
Achyranthes aspera var. aspera Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas, ca. 0–240 m. Vouchers: Brown ES 1412, Robertson SA 3799, Hooper & Townsend 1163 (
Achyranthes aspera var. sicula L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas, ca. 0–300 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 153 (
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated area, disturbed area, bushland, and grassland, ca. 186 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006137, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0347 (
Allmaniopsis fruticulosa Suess. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 110–200 m. Voucher: Gillett 16528 (
Alternanthera pungens Kunth Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, grassland, ca. 0–200 m. Vouchers: Jeffery GW 522, Rawlins 839 (
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp forests and abandoned cultivation, ca. 0–300 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 110, Drummond & Hemsley 4174 (
Amaranthus cruentus L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated lands, forest margins, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Wakefield, Jeffery GW 431 (
Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated area, waste places, roadsides, and grassland, ca. 0–50 m. Voucher: Jeffery GW 441 (
Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated ground, grassland, ca. 0–350 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA 5694 (
Amaranthus spinosus L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated ground ca. 2 m. Voucher: Mwadime N & Chesire C 256 (
Amaranthus viridis L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated and disturbed areas, ca. 2 m. Voucher: Sturrock 2008 B (
Atriplex farinosa subsp. keniensis (Brenan) Friis & M.G. Gilbert Habit: Shrub. Habitat: In sand at or near high tide mark. Vouchers: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2794, Graham 2166 (
Atriplex semibaccata R.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated area, ca. 10 m. Voucher: Kennox M 121 (
Celosia argentea L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated lands, grassland, rivers, ca. 610 m. Vouchers: Weruer 993, Greenway & Rawlins 9461 (
Celosia hastata Lopr. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and woodland, 3–106 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0482 (
Celosia schweinfurthiana Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest, clearings, especially near water, ca. 0–50 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke 5859, Magogo FC & Glover PE 915 (
Celosia stuhlmanniana Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shaded places, forest, and scrub, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Nyange M 508 (
Celosia trigyna L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated lands or forest clearings, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Jeffery GW 445, McCrag in CM 9170 (
Centemopsis gracilenta (Hiern) Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland or cultivated lands, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Rawlins 776 (
Centrostachys aquatica (R.Br.) Moq. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pools, waterholes, rivers, and lake shores, ca. 20 m. Voucher: Hooper & Townsend 1227 (
Cyathula braunii Gilg ex Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest undergrowth, ca. 360 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005931, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0368 (
Cyathula coriacea Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Thicket, woodland, and roadside, 30–300 m. Voucher: Greenway 8864 (
Cyathula prostrata var. prostrata Habit: Herb. Habitat: Deciduous to evergreen vine thickets, ca. 304 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006155, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0294 (
Digera muricata subsp. muricata Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste ground, grassland, and bushland, ca. 150 m. Vouchers: RM Graham in FD 648 & 1993 (
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, coastal grassland, and cultivated area, ca. 50–300 m. Vouchers: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2703, Hooper & Townsend 1168, Robertson SA 3480 (
Gomphrena globosa L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: On grassland, ca. 100 m. Vouchers: Jeffery GW 468, WE Taylor (
Hermbstaedtia gregoryi C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sand dune, 20 m. Vouchers: Frazier J 1101, Moomaw 1562 (
Neocentema alternifolia (Schinz) Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside or cultivation area, 0–50 m. Voucher: Kabuye CHS, Gilbet VC & Robertson 43 (
Nothosaerva brachiata (L.) Wight Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste ground, grassland, and bushland, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Thuiru 78, Luke WRQ 3501 (
Psilotrichum cyathuloides Suess. & Launert Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests, 0–150 m. Voucher: Rawlins 394 (
Psilotrichum fallax C.C. Towns. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forests on limestone, 0–380 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V and Mwadime N V109 (
Psilotrichum gnaphalobryum (Hochst.) Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open Acacia and Acacia-Commiphora bushland, 140–790 m. Voucher: Luke PA, WRQ et al. 3833 (
Psilotrichum majus Peter Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest undergrowth and margins, ca. 285 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0122 (
Psilotrichum scleranthum Thwaites Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margin, grassland, and coconut plantation, ca. 417 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0318 (
Psilotrichum sericeum (J. Koenig ex Roxb.) Dalzell Habit: Herb. Habitat: Abandoned land, grassland, and bushland, 15–420 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA 3801, Pakia M 113, GM Mungai & SM Rucina 307 (
Pupalia lappacea var. argyrophylla C.C. Towns. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal bushland, grassland, and cultivated area, 0–530 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006184, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0319 (
Pupalia lappacea var. velutina (Moq.) Hook.f. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, thickets or roadsides, ca. 200 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 1528, Luke WRQ 3327 (
Salsola africana (Brenan) Botsch. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Semi-desert scrub, ca. 90 m. Voucher: Battiscombe 223 (
Tecticornia indica (Willd.) K. Sheph. & Paul G. Wilson Habit: Herb. Habitat: Salt marshes by the sea and mangrove swamps, ca. 5 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 20439, Luke Q 6149 (
Volkensinia prostrata (Volkens ex Gilg) Schinz Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland or grassland, ca. 180 m. Voucher: Gillett 19505 (
F23. Amaryllidaceae
4 Genera, 5 Species
Crinum politifolium R. Wahlstr. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine vegetation or damp places, ca. 86 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0480 (
Crinum stuhlmannii subsp. stuhlmannii Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland or wooded grassland, ca. 0–300 m. Vouchers: Magogo & Glover 468, Jeffery & Kirika 251, Graham K. 1844 (
Cryptostephanus haemanthoides Pax Habit: Herb. Habitat: Deciduous bushland, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Luke TPR 574, Robertson SA 5371D (
Cyrtanthus sanguineus subsp. wakefieldii (Sealy) Nordal Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, ca. 0–250 m. Vouchers: Walker in Bally 7406, Wakefield 42 (
Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. multiflorus Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, riverine vegetation, coastal rocks or montane vegetation, ca. 0–350 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 367 (
F24. Anacardiaceae
7 Genera, 13 Species
Anacardium occidentale L. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Cultivated area, abandoned cultivated areas, ca. 250 m. Vouchers: RE Perdue & SP Kibuwa 10116, Napier 3274, R Karisa 24 (
Lannea alata (Engl.) Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland and coastal forests edges, ca. 88–450 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006442 (
Lannea cotoneaster (Chiov.) Sacleux Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 75–600 m. Voucher: Njoroge Thairu 86 (
Lannea schweinfurthii var. acutifoliolata (Engl.) Kokwaro Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal forests, 1–460 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004658 & 004663, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0361 & 0333 (
Lannea schweinfurthii var. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Kokwaro Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, dry forests, and river valleys, ca. 20–450 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4166, Luke WRQ 920, Robertson SA 3498 (
Lannea triphylla (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Grassland, and bushland, ca. 70 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4102, JB Gillet 16486 (
Lannea welwitschii var. ciliolata Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lowland rainforest, riverine forest, and mountain slopes, 110–450 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt in EAH 11322, Magogo & Glover 177, Faden & Faden 74/318 (
Mangifera indica L. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Cultivated area, abandoned cultivated areas, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Bally 13945 (
Ozoroa insignis subsp. reticulata (Baker f.) J.B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, ca. 20–400 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 133, RM Graham in CM 14563 (
Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. Fern. & A. Fern. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland, woodland, and forest edges, ca. 88 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006448, 005484 (
Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, riverine woodland, and bushland, ca. 5 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006111 (
Sclerocarya gillettii Kokwaro Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland, 150–300 m. Voucher: Robertson 1846 (
Searsia crenulata (A. Rich.) Moffett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen bushland, woodland, riverine associations, and forests edges, ca. 1–300 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0359, Robertson SA 4217, Jeffrey 154 (
Sorindeia madagascariensis DC. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Riverine, coastal, and upland forests, ca. 0–297 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006085 & 005918, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V073 (
F25. Ancistrocladaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum J. Léonard Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest in disturbed areas, 60–80 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 1641, Drummond & Hemsley 3936, Polhill & Robertson 4786, Robertson 3649 (
F26. Annonaceae
17 Genera, 37 Species
Annona senegalensis subsp. senegalensis Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, woodland and forest, ca. 20–300 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005602 & 005547, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0283 (
Artabotrys brachypetalus Benth. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Riverine vegetation, sometimes in dry woodland, 0–150 m. Voucher: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2724 (
Artabotrys modestus subsp. macranthus Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, woodland to grassland, 60–490 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0431 & V0320 (
Artabotrys monteiroae Oliv. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Moist forest edge or moist grassland, ca. 270 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0504, V0536 & V040 (
Asteranthe asterias subsp. asterias Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 0–60 (–500) m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005449 & 006182, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0236 & V0417 (
Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree. Habitat: Plantations, 0–750 m. Vouchers: Jeffery GW 365, RM Graham in FD 2342 (
Huberantha stuhlmannii (Engl.) Chaowasku Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Shrubland, forest, and savannah, under 100 m. Vouchers: Festo L & Luke Q 2521, Rawlins 262 & 303B (
Isolona cauliflora Verdc. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Moist forests to evergreen bushland, 20–500 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005564 (
Lettowianthus stellatus Diels Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and riverine forest, 10–280 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005578 (
Mkilua fragrans Verdc. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist forests, 0–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006082, 005532, 005535 & 005919, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V059 (
Monanthotaxis buchananii (Engl.) Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, bushland, and grassland, 100–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004645 & 006002, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0301 (
Monanthotaxis faulknerae Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest and savannah, 30–370 m. Vouchers: Festo L, Laizer G & P 2635, Luke WRQ 3351, Luke WRQ, PA 3822 (
Monanthotaxis fornicata (Baill.) Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, woodland, and bushland, 0–450 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005447, 005448 & 005599 (
Monanthotaxis trichocarpa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: In evergreen forest, 100–300 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005920, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0302 (
Monodora grandidieri Baill. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, bushland, and grassland, 10–290 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0434 (
Monodora junodii Engl. & Diels Habit: Shrub. Habitat: On rocky outcrops, woodland, and dry areas, 10–15 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA 5708 & 5889, Faden RB 71/273, Luke WRQ 3560 (
Ophrypetalum odoratum Diels Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 0–600 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt B 1075 & 3952, Drummond & Hemsley 3981, Greenway PJ 9634 (
Polyceratocarpus sp. ?nov. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 300–370 m. Vouchers: Luke 1621 & 881, Luke & Stone 8245 (
Sphaerocoryne gracilis (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. gracilis Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist to dry forest, and shrubland, 30–350 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005922, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0315 (
Toussaintia orientalis Verdc. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Shrubland and forest, 140–610 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 1038 (
Uvaria acuminata Oliv. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland, forest, and woodland, 0–810 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005496, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0161 (
Uvaria denhardtiana Engl. & Diels Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Open scrub or coastal bushland, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Kirika P, Mbale M & Mbatha M 780, J Adamson 260 (
Uvaria faulknerae Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland or woodland, 45–180 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5688, Verdcourt 3605, Luke WRQ 118 & 3468 (
Uvaria kirkii Oliv. ex Hook. f. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, and woodland, 0–450 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0467 (
Uvaria leptoclados Oliv. subsp. leptoclados Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 30–457 m. Vouchers: Hawthorne W 510, Hildebrandt 1971, RM Graham in FD 1763 (
Uvaria lucida subsp. lucida Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, grassland, and bushland, ca. 0–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005460, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0296 (
Uvaria puguensis D.M. Johnson Habit: Liana. Habitat: Evergreen coastal forest, 200–390 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V060 & 0364 (
Uvaria welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. & Diels Habit: Liana. Habitat: Evergreen coastal forests, 2–300 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005582, Ngumbau V & Mwadime M V0472 (
Uvariodendron gorgonis Verdc. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lowland rainforest, 180–800 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime M V0528 (
Uvariodendron kirkii Verdc. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen coastal forest, often on coral, 5–450 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005580 & 005445, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0516 (
Uvariodendron schmidtii Q. Luke, ined. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lowland rainforest, ca. 390 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 2919 (
Uvariodendron sp. nov. 1 of CFS Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest. Voucher: Luke 1654 (
Uvariodendron sp. nov. 2 of CFS Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest. Voucher: Luke 2929 (
Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 40–280 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 3378, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2709 (
Xylopia arenaria Engl. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland and open coastal bushland, 30–600 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2134, 6000 & 1686, Moggridge 389, Gisau 10, Trump 96 (
Xylopia holtzii Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and woodland, 50–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005445, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0257 (
Xylopia keniensis D. M. Johnson Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal forest, ca. 450 m. Vouchers: Luke 13949, Tim P et al. NMK 722, Luke & Robertson 2723 (
F27. Apiaceae
2 Genera, 2 Species
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassland along river and forest clearings, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2753 (
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Naturalized in disturbed places, ca. 30 m. Voucher: Rexton K 32.F (
F28. Apocynaceae
53 Genera, 101 Species
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland and dry forest, 20–700 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004679 & 005913 (
Alafia caudata Stapf Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest and bushland, 0–800 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0378 (
Alafia microstylis K. Schum. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, and bushland, 30–250 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 22, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2818, Robertson & Luke 5505 (
Ancylobothrys petersiana (Klotzsch) Pierre Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, bushland, and thicket, ca. 50 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004643, 005430 & 005590 (
Ancylobothrys tayloris (Stapf) Pichon Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, and bushland, ca. 110 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0488 & 0358 (
Asclepias aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland or waterlogged grassland, ca. 0–200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005518 (
Asclepias curassavica L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest and grassland, 0–50 m. Voucher: Jeffery K332 (
Aspidoglossum masaicum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, ca. 206 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0206 (
Baissea myrtifolia (Benth.) Pichon Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest and bushland, 0–450 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0325 & 0104 (
Baseonema gregoryi Schltr. & Rendle Habit: Liana. Habitat: Dry bushland or evergreen forest, ca. 620 m. Voucher: Mwadime N 4 (
Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. T. Aiton Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bare and degraded lands, 1–100 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005440 (
Calotropis procera (Aiton.) W. T. Aiton Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Degraded roadsides, ca. 65 m. Voucher: SAJIT–006439 (
Caralluma arachnoidea var. arachnoidea Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, and riverine scrub, 200–300 m. Voucher: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 6029 (
Caralluma arachnoidea var. breviloba (P.R.O. Bally) M. G. Gilbert Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, and riverine scrub, ca. 400 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA2109 (
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest and woodland, 0–400 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1469, Robertson & Luke 5367, Luke & Robertson 2144 (
Carissa spinarum L. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, riverine forest, and thicket. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA sr.
Carissa tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, thicket, and bushland, 0–450 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1519, Drummond & Hemsley 4179 (
Carvalhoa campanulata K. Schum. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist forest, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0311 (
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides in dry savannah, urban open spaces, and in cultivated areas, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Spjut RW & Ensor PD 2631 (
Ceropegia abyssinica var. abyssinica Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, 80 m. Voucher: Nyange M 371 (
Ceropegia ampliata var. oxyloba H. Huber Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal forest edges, bushland, and rocky ground, ca. 115 m. Voucher: Archer PG 401 (
Ceropegia aristolochioides Decne. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, thicket, and dry forest, ca. 15 m. Vouchers: Luke 4052, Kabuye CHS, Gilbert VC & Robertson SA 84/66 (
Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, coral reef, woodland, and riverine, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Hawthorne 217, Masinde 860, Bally 12191 (
Ceropegia galeata H. Huber Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, 50–250 m. Vouchers: Bally 12184 & S220, Bayliss 3 (
Ceropegia inornata P.R.O. Bally ex Masinde Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal forest and bushland, ca. 50 m. Vouchers: Robertson et al. 6742, Masinde 814 (
Ceropegia konasita Masinde Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland and thickets, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Mbinda & Pakia 218 (
Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy Habit: Climber. Habitat: Mixed deciduous woodland, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 6060, Moomaw JC 1616, Masinde 816 (
Ceropegia racemosa var. voiensis Masinde Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and thicket, ca. 50–650 m. Voucher: Archer 402 (
Ceropegia seticorona var. dilatiloba P.R.O. Bally Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, 50 m. Vouchers: Kabuye CHS, Gilbert VC & Robertson SA 84/66, Drummond & Hemsley 3889 (
Ceropegia somalensis Chiov. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Adams 145 (
Chlorocyathus monteiroae Oliv. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, 300–800 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4227, Robertson & Luke 6167, Bock H 16047 (
Cryptolepis africana (Bullock) Venter & R.L. Verh. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal lowland forest, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 3836, Luke & Mbinda 5978, Festo L, Luke Q & P 2784 (
Cryptolepis apiculata K. Schum. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Lowland forest and shrubby thickets in grassland, 30–350 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0373 & V0211 (
Cryptolepis hypoglauca K. Schum. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Moist evergreen lowland and coastal forest, ca. 220 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0326 (
Cryptolepis nigrescens (Wennberg) L. Joubert & Bruy Habit: Liana. Habitat: Secondary forest and savannah, ca. 106 m. Voucher: Bally PRO 1995 (
Cynanchum crassiantherae Liede Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland and coastal dunes, near sea level. Voucher: Festo et al 2777 (
Cynanchum gerrardii subsp. gerrardii Habit: Climber. Habitat: Dry bushland, 2 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006246 (
Cynanchum hastifolium subsp. longirostrum Goyder Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3199 (
Cynanchum insipidum (E. Mey.) Liede & Khanum Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grassland, bushland, woodland, and forest, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: SA Robertson 6721, Magogo FC & Glover PE 967 (
Cynanchum resiliens (B.R. Adams & R.W.K. Holland) Goyder Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, 40–500 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4060, Gillett 16473 (
Cynanchum viminale subsp. viminale Habit: Climber. Habitat: Dry scrub, rocky area, woodland, and riverine, ca. 590 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 1471, Adams 146, Makin s.n in
Cynanchum viminale subsp. odontolepis (Balf.f.) Goyder (Balf.f.) Goyder Habit: Climber. Habitat: Dry coastal forest or woodland, 0–200 (–800) m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006446, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0494 (
Desmidorchis retrospiciens Ehrenb. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Semi-desert, ca. 0–100 m. Voucher: Gillett 19504 (
Dictyophleba lucida (K. Schum.) Pierre Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, riverine, ca. 410 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0308 & 058, SAJIT–005510 (
Echidnopsis ericiflora Lavranos Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushland, 250–450 m. Voucher: Powys & Heath 793 (
Echidnopsis sharpei A.C. White & B. Sloane Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky slopes and woodland, ca. 450 m. Vouchers: Faden & Faden 74/1045, Luke WRQ 919 (
Edithcolea grandis N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry woodland, mostly on rocky ground, 200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005910 (
Fockea angustifolia K. Schum. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland and coastal thicket, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ et al. 6188, Drummond & Hemsley 4045 (
Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and riverine, 30–150 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 890 (
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest margins and dry bushland, ca. 410 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0307 & V039 (
Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine, woodland, and bushland, ca. 407 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006064 (
Huernia andreaeana (Rauh) L.C. Leach Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry deciduous bushland, ca. 400 m. Voucher: Rauh Ke867 (
Huernia archeri L.C. Leach Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky bushland, 200–300 m. Vouchers: Luke & Robertson 2546 & 6041, Robertson 7061 (
Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardner ex Thwaites Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coral rag forest, riverine forest, and coastal bushland, 0–350 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 33, Omino
Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Seasonal watercourses. Voucher: Kibuwa 2465 (
Landolphia eminiana K. Schum. ex Hallier f. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Riverine, woodland, and thicket, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Lap LJ 307 (
Landolphia kirkii Dyer Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, Woodland, bushland, thicket, and wooded grassland, ca. 60–270 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1508, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2821, Kokwaro 3960 (
Landolphia watsoniana Romburgh Habit: Liana. Habitat: Moist forest, 0–250 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V006 & V0226 (
Marsdenia crinita Oliv. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, ca. 142 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006007 (
Marsdenia faulknerae (Bullock) Omlor Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest margins, 0–400 m. Voucher: Luke & Luke 4749 (
Marsdenia macrantha (Klotzsch) Schltr. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Woodland and forest margins, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2791, Robertson & Luke 5536 (
Marsdenia rubicunda N.E.Br. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland and riverine, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 877, RM Graham 2335, Kimeu JM 698, Robertson SA 3436 (
Marsdenia stelostigma K. Schum. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland, 0–300 m. Voucher: Mungai et al. 93 (
Marsdenia taylorii Schltr. & Rendle Habit: Liana. Habitat: Dry forest, ca. 200 m. Vouchers: Luke 4695, Taylor s.n. (
Mascarenhasia arborescens A. DC. Habit: Tree. Habitat: River banks, forest, 0–750 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0374 (
Mondia ecornuta (N.E.Br.) Bullock Habit: Liana. Habitat: Coastal bushland, woodland, and mangrove forest edge, 0–700 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0381 (
Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland, 5–250 m. Vouchers: Hawthorne W 529, Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 2352, Robertson SA, Beentje HJ, Luke WRQ & Khayota B 41 (
Oncinotis tenuiloba Stapf Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, riverine, swamp forest, and secondary forest, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Luke & Robertson 2325, Luke 10720 (
Orbea denboefii (Lavranos) Bruyns Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, ca. 700 m. Voucher: Heath & Powys 790 (
Orbea distincta (E.A. Bruce) Bruyns Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 230 m. Vouchers: Luke & Robertson 2337A, Ritchie s.n. in Bally S52, Robertson SA 6902 (
Oxystelma bornouense R.Br. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Riverine, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: GRC van Someren 1072, Greenway 9245 (
Pachycarpus bisacculatus (Oliv.) Goyder Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterlogged grassland or woodland, ca. 100 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005521 (
Pentatropis nivalis (J.F. Gmel.) D.V. Field & J.R.I. Wood Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland and riverine forests, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005903, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0454 (
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Dry bushland, savannah or forest margins, 0–150 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006210 & 005936 (
Pleiocarpa pycnantha (K. Schum.) Stapf Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen forest, riverine, and swamp forest, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 893A & 1405, RB Faden & AJ Faden 77/751 (
Pleioceras orientale Vollesen Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal thicket, 300–750 m. Voucher: Luke et al. 9445 (
Raphionacme cf. jurensis N.E. Br. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Woodland. Voucher: Archer 520 (
Raphionacme splendens Schltr. subsp. splendens Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, and grassland, ca. 80 m. Vouchers: Luke et al. 4494, Luke & Robertson 2331, Adamson 220, Bally 5916, Robertson 6647 (
Rauvolfia mombasiana Stapf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Riverine forest and coastal forest, 0–550m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005462, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V116 & 0225 (
Saba comorensis (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon Habit: Liana. Habitat: Closed-forest, fringing forest, and savannah woodland, ca. 5–80 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006093 (
Schizostephanus alatus Hochst. ex K. Schum. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland or degraded forest patches, ca. 10–300 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 5, Luke 2454, Robertson 4939, RB Faden, AJ & Faden JB, Gillett & N Gachathi 77/427 (
Schizozygia coffaeoides Baill. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist forest, ca. 204 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005943 & 005579, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V063 & 0212 (
Secamone gracilis N.E. Br. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal forest, 0–500 m. Voucher: Hawthorne 191 (
Secamone parvifolia (Oliv.) Bullock Habit: Liana. Habitat: Thickets and coastal forest, ca. 245 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0269 (
Secamone punctulata Decne. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Thickets, riverine, and coastal forest, ca. 5–200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006084, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0410 & 0513 (
Secamone retusa N.E.Br. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Lowland and coastal forest, 0–350 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004659, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0364, 0458 & 0513 (
Secamone stuhlmannii K. Schum. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Thickets, ca. 0–800 m. Voucher: Reitsma J 407 (
Stathmostelma pauciflorum K. Schum Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterlogged grassland, ca. 0–400 m. Vouchers: Dale IR K3544, Kassner J 159 (
Strophanthus courmontii Sacleux ex Franch. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Riverine forest and thickets, ca. 40–280 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V100 & 0386 (
Strophanthus kombe Oliv. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Evergreen forest and dense bushland, ca. 30 m. Vouchers: Kimeu JM 664, Luke WRQ et al. 4604G, JB Gillet 21065 (
Strophanthus petersianus Klotzsch Habit: Liana. Habitat: Coastal forest and woodland, 0–650 m. Vouchers: Graham 1712, Robertson 4122 (
Strophanthus zimmermannianus Monach. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Moist forest, 0–800 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0123 (
Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, coastal bushland, and thicket, 0–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005492 (
Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf Habit: Tree. Habitat: Moist forest and riverine forest, 0–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005514 (
Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Swamp and lake bank forests, ca. 30 m. Voucher: Luke et al. 778 (
Vincetoxicum apiculatum (K. Schum.) Meve & Liede Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal, riverine forest, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA 6894, Roberson & Luke 6313, Drummond & Hemsley 3941 (
Vincetoxicum conspicuum (N.E. Br.) Meve & Liede Habit: Climber. Habitat: Moist forest, ca. 65 m. Vouchers: Luke & Pakia 7458, Luke & Robertson 2309, Nyange M 519 (
Vincetoxicum cernuum (Decne.) Meve & Liede Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bare ground, coral thickets, and sand dunes, 0–100 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005586 (
Vincetoxicum stenolobum (K. Schum.) Meve & Liede. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Coastal, riverine forest, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Luke et al. TPR 782, Luke & Luke 5975, Kasnner 395 (
Vincetoxicum tenuipedunculatum (K. Schum.) Meve & Liede Habit: Climber. Habitat: Upland and coastal forest, ca. 80–240 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005988 (
Voacanga africana Stapf Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest or riverine forest, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & PA 5403, Drummond & Hemsley 3902, Luke 3829, Nyange M 504 (
Wrightia demartiniana Chiov. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry bushland, ca. 620 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 2429, Robertson 1771 (
Xysmalobium stocksii N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and woodland, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 3098B, Magogo & Clover 481 (
F29. Aponogetonaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Aponogeton abyssinicus var. albiflorus Lye Habit: Herb. Habitat: Temporary pools, ca. 35 m. Voucher: Luke Q 1489 (
F30. Araceae
11 Genera, 16 Species
Amorphophallus maximus subsp. maximus Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland and bushland, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Hildebrandt 2018 (
Anchomanes abbreviatus Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest, 0–800 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006158, 005511 & 005979 (
Callopsis volkensii Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 45–800 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005543, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V030 (
Culcasia orientalis Mayo Habit: Climber. Habitat: Riverine and secondary forest, 0–750 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0372 (
Gonatopus boivinii (Decne.) Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, and wooded grassland, ca. 70 m. Vouchers: Kimeu JM, Meso M Ot 601, Magogo FC & Glover PE 580, Robertson 5679 (
Gonatopus marattioides (Peter) Bogner Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry lowland forest and woodland, 3–350 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ et al. 3331 (
Gonatopus petiolulatus (Peter) Bogner Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest, 0–400 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA 4499 (
Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock pools, small pools, and rice fields, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4141, Polhill & Paulo 845(
Pistia stratiotes L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open still freshwater, 15–182 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006224 & 006022 (
Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Still water, ca. 450 m. Voucher: Gillett & Kibuwa 19956 (
Stylochaeton bogneri Mayo Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal evergreen forest, ca. 207 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006022 (
Stylochaeton borumensis N.E. Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, woodland, and grassland, 0–200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005986 & 005987 (
Stylochaeton salaamicus N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest or grassland, 30–250 m. Vouchers: Rawlins SP 149, Beentje HJ 2364, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2694 & 6186 (
Stylochaeton cf. milneanus Mayo Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest. Voucher: R & L 6104 (
Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ditches and pools, ca. 0–350 m. Voucher: Drummond & Hemsley 4164 (
Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd.) Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, bushland, and grassland, 0–610 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1547, Magogo FC & Glover PE 1129 (
F31. Araliaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Cussonia zimmermannii Harms Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and woodland, 20–400 m. Vouchers: Hawthorne W 553, Magogo FC & Glover PE 680, Drummond & Hemsley 1198, RM Graham in FD 1806, Robertson SA 3631 (
F32. Araucariaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don Habit: Tree. Habitat: Dry forest and thicket, ca. 15 m. Voucher: Perdue RE 10034 (
F33. Arecaceae
7 Genera, 8 Species
Areca catechu L. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Open secondary forest, ca. 0–100 m. Voucher: DP Kariuki
Borassus aethiopum Mart. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Riverine flats, coastal plains, and open secondary forest, ca. 0–200 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA sr.
Cocos nucifera L. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Tropical seashores, ca. 0–100 m. Voucher: Verdcourt B 2120 (
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Open forest, ca. 0–200 m. Vouchers: Luke PA, WRQ 4517, Shimba Hills Survey Unit 56 (
Hyphaene compressa H. Wendl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Open grassland, 150 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA sr.
Hyphaene coriacea Gaertn. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Savannah and grassland, 0–300m. Vouchers: Kirika P 576, Shimba Hills Survey Unit 42 (
Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Open forests, savannah woodland, or low scrub thickets, ca. 30 m. Voucher: Moomaw JC 1289 (
Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Moist swampy ground, ca. 0–250 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE sr.
F34. Aristolochiaceae
2 Genera, 3 Species
Aristolochia albida Duch. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest grassland, clearings, and edges, ca. 260 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005595, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V004 (
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Riverine forest, 30–100 m. Vouchers: AB Katende 1796, Q Luke et al. TPR 479 (
Hydnora sinandevu Beentje & Q. Luke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Scattered tree grassland, ca. 2 m. Vouchers: Luke 3033, Bally 2051 & 10434 (
F35. Asparagaceae
7 Genera, 40 Species
Albuca abyssinica Jacq. Habit: Herb. Habitat: In grassland, ca. 382 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0357 (
Asparagus africanus Lam. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest edges and bushy wooded areas, ca. 2 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006236 (
Asparagus buchananii Baker Habit: Climber. Habitat: Grassland and wooded grassland, 0–150 m. Vouchers: Williams 299, Graham RM 1931 (
Asparagus falcatus L. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland and dry forest, 0–850 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006428 (
Asparagus faulknerae Sebsebe Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, dry forest, and woodland, 0–250 (–450) m. Vouchers: Bally & Smith B14364, Bjornstad 211 (
Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Baker Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland and wooded bushland, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 612, Waterman 1093 (
Asparagus humilis Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coral outcrops, salt flats near mangrove, 0–15 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 3029, De Meester 19/79 (
Asparagus leptocladodius Chiov. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland or bushed grassland, 0–750 m. Voucher: Ngweno 7C (
Asparagus scaberulus A. Rich. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and bushed grassland, (60)–350 m. Voucher: Makin in
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Habit: Climber. Habitat: Woodland and grassland, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 989 (
Chlorophytum angustissimum (Poelln.) Nordal Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Luke 3025 (
Chlorophytum cameronii var. pterocaulon (Welw. ex Baker) Nordal Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland and grassland, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4156, Polhill & Paulo 834 (
Chlorophytum filipendulum subsp. amaniense (Engl.) Nordal & A.D. Poulsen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 30–650 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V021 & V0407 (
Chlorophytum holstii Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest or woodland, ca. 80 m. Vouchers: Robertson & Luke 6240, Gray M 435 (
Chlorophytum suffruticosum Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocks and termite mounds, ca. 10 m Vouchers: Luke Q 1553, Drummond & Hemsley 1012 (
Chlorophytum tenerrimum Peter ex Poelln. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Lowland forest and thickets, 70–150 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006130 (
Dipcadi longifolium (Lindl.) Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: On sand along the coast, 0–30 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006242 & 004675 (
Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, and woodland, ca. 500 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 600, Meester-Manger Cats V de 42 (
Dracaena aletriformis (Haw.) Bos Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen or semi-deciduous forest, 50–300 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt 3606, Robertson & Luke 4781, Schmidt 1712 (
Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist forest, ca. 210 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0391 (
Dracaena laxissima Engl. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Moist forest or riverine forest, ca. 1–400 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 242A (
Dracaena mannii Baker Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist forest, riverine forest, forest margins, and secondary bushland, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005505 (
Drimia altissima (L.f.) Ker Gawl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushed grassland, ca. 30 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 213, Irwin 453, Jeffrey 293 (
Drimia macrocarpa Stedje Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and bushland, ca. 35 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 30, Archer 531, Drummond & Hemsley 1030 (
Ledebouria kirkii (Baker) Stedje & Thulin Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland or bushland, ca. 0–300 m. Voucher: Gilbert 6048 (
Sansevieria itumea (Mbugua) Jankalski Habit: Herb. Habitat: Thickets lowlands of the coastal region. Voucher: Bally & Smith B14404A (
Sansevieria arborescens Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen coastal forest or evergreen bushland, 0–600 m. Vouchers: Reitsma J 543, Luke WRQ et al. 5703 (
Sansevieria bagamoyensis N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open forest, coastal bushland, and thicket, 0–400 m. Vouchers: Graham 1808, Faden et al. 77/460 (
Sansevieria ballyi L.E. Newton Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock faces, ca. 180 m. Vouchers: Mrs Robertson SA 7602, Newton 5856, Newton 5594 (
Sansevieria conspicua N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Littoral forest and evergreen bushland, 2–150 m. Vouchers: Luke 3092, Drummond & Hemsley 3845, Rawlins SP 382, Robertson & Luke 2284 (
Sansevieria ehrenbergii Schweinf. ex Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry wooded grassland, dry bushland, and thickets, ca. 20 m. Voucher: Mrs Robertson SA 7723 (
Sansevieria fischeri (Baker) Marais Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushland, 250–550 m. Voucher: Bally PRO 16893 (
Sansevieria forskaoliana (Schult. f.) Hepper & J.R.I. Wood Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry or evergreen bushland and grassland, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Robertson 1778 (
Sansevieria francisii Chahinian Habit: Herb. Habitat: Coastal forest, low altitude. Voucher: Horwood 432 (
Sansevieria gracilis N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushland and thicket, 0–100 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 1478 (
Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushland or riverine forest, 50–600 m. Voucher: Verdcourt 3220 (
Sansevieria kirkii Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, thicket, and riverine fringe, 5–180 m. Vouchers: Luke 4012 & 4013 (
Sansevieria nitida Chahinian Habit: Herb. Habitat: No data. Voucher: Chahinian 301 (
Sansevieria perrotii Warb. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and bushed grassland, 550 m. Voucher: Sangai GW 15602 (
Sansevieria powelii N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushland and scattered tree grassland, ca. 650 m. Vouchers: Faden RB & AJ 71/810, Perdue RE & Kibuwa SP 10126, Gillett JB 19970 (
Sansevieria raffillii N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushland, woodland or dry forest, 0–500 m. Voucher: Polhill R & Paulo S 682 (
F36. Asphodelaceae
1 Genus, 12 Species
Aloe deserti A. Berger Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Deciduous thickets, ca. 259 m. Voucher: Bally PRO 8866 (
Aloe kilifiensis Christian Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 3–380 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 430, Jeffery GW 710, Frazier 881 (
Aloe massawana Reynolds Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open thickets, 0–20 m. Voucher: SA Robertson 6365 (
Aloe microdonta Chiov. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Gillett 16544 (
Aloe parvidens M.G. Gilbert & Sebsebe Habit: Herb. Habitat: Acacia woodland, ca. 560 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1199 (
Aloe penduliflora Baker Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 645 m. Voucher: Robertson & Luke 6159 (
Aloe rabaiensis Rendle Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 18–500 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 2211, Verdcourt 3193, Bally 8537, Hooper & Transcend 1156 (
Aloe ruspoliana Baker Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, open rocky hillsides, ca. 400 m. Voucher: Bally & Smith 14990 (
Aloe secundiflora var. secundiflora Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Mwendia CW 16247 (
Aloe ukambensis Reynolds Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, ca. 600 m. Voucher: Gilbert MG 1739 (
Aloe vituensis Baker Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 290 m. Voucher: Newton & Powys 3569 (
Aloe volkensii subsp. volkensii Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Riverine woodland, ca. 10–410 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 1026, Robertson SA 6379 (
F37. Asteraceae
49 Genera, 82 Species
Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed places, ca. 260 m. Voucher: Waaijenberg H 8 (
Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, swampy area, and grassland, ca. 40 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & PA 6032, Nyange M 457 (
Adenostemma viscosum J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet ground and riverine, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2755, Magogo FC & Glover PE 102 & 373 (
Ageratum conyzoides L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and cultivated land, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 371 (
Aspilia kotschyi (Sch. Bip. ex Hochst.) Oliv. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, waste land, bushland, and woodland, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0241 (
Aspilia macrorrhiza Chiov. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sand dunes or coral, 0–10 m. Voucher: Luke, PA & WRQ 6148 (
Aspilia mossambicensis (Oliv.) Wild Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Swamps, forest, woodland, bushland, and grassland, ca. 45–200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006147, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0196 (
Athroisma pusillum T. Erikss. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 350–500 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 4073, Faden & Faden 72/120 (
Bidens holstii (O. Hoffm.) Sherff Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bushland, and grassland, ca. 700 m. Voucher: Luke & Robertson 2050 (
Bidens pilosa L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Neglected places, ca. 90 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 825, Craig M 9179 (
Bidens schimperi Sch.Bip. ex Walp. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas, woodland, bushland, and grassland, 250–372 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006146, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0149 (
Bidens taylorii (S. Moore) Sherff Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, and forest, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 6051, Magogo & Glover 651 (
Blepharispermum ellenbeckii Cufod. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Mungai & Rucina 404/84 (
Blepharispermum minus S. Moore Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 30–450 m. Vouchers: Luke et al. TPR 650, Bally 16886 (
Blepharispermum zanguebaricum Oliv. & Hiern Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry forest and bushland, ca. 150 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Beentje HJ 4061, Robertson SA, Beentje HJ, Luke WRQ & Khayota B 152 (
Blumea axillaris (Lam.) DC. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy, riverine, and grassland, ca. 1–300 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 526 (
Bothriocline longipes (Oliv. & Hiern) N.E.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland or riverine vegetation, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Gilbert VC 3505 (
Brachylaena huillensis O. Hoffm. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and bushland, ca. 500 m. Vouchers: Katz SS 75/33, Luke WRQ 915 (
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine, forest, and cultivation area, ca. 45 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ et al. 4728, Makokha D, Malombe I & Saidi C 1567 (
Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated area and grassland, ca. 243 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V024 (
Dicoma tomentosa Cass. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, and rocky area, ca. 400 m. Voucher: van Someren 946 (
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy and riverine area, ca. 23 m. Vouchers: Kirika P, Muthoka P & Mbale M 755, Bally PRO & Smith AR 14373 (
Emilia bellioides (Chiov.) C.Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sand dunes and coral, 0–10 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 5464, Rawlins 105, Greenway & Rawlins 9421 (
Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and bushland, ca. 186 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0348 (
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy, grassland, and cultivation area, 1–600 m. Vouchers: Jeffery 780, Greenway & Rawlins 9375 (
Emilia tricholepis C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, ca. 5–200 m. Voucher: Brathany C 58 (
Erigeron aegyptiacus L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, cultivation, riverbeds, floodplains, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Njoroge Thairu 38 (
Erigeron bonariensis L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 0–500 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 344 (
Erythrocephalum marginatum (O. Hoffm.) S. Ortiz & A.P. Cout. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, ca. 53 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004651, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0130 (
Erythrocephalum minus Oliv. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest, woodland, and roadsides, ca. 45 m. Vouchers: Graham RM 1928, Drummond & Hemsley 4146, Luke & Luke 3980 (
Ethulia angustifolia Bojer ex DC. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivation, riverine, roadside, and grassland, ca. 210 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0376 (
Ethulia faulknerae C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, coral, 0–15 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 15341, Gregory, Festo 2803 (
Ethulia gracilis Delile Habit: Herb. Habitat: A common weed, ca. 256 m. Vouchers: Fukuoka N 517, Kirika P 934, Kuchar P 7267 (
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) C. Mohr Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste ground, swampy, and cultivation. Voucher: Drummond & Hemsley 1047 (
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas and roadside, ca. 0–100 m. Voucher: Jeffery GW 776 (
Geigeria acaulis Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & Hiern Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and bushland, ca. 250 m. Voucher: Gillett & Gachathi 20527 (
Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine, ca. 5–100 m. Voucher: Luke et al. TPR 144 (
Grauanthus linearifolius (O. Hoffm.) Fayed Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and forest, 1–150 m. Vouchers: Greenway & Rawlins 9455, Hooper & Townsend 1181 (
Gutenbergia cordifolia var. cordifolia Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, riverine, forest, roadside, and cultivated area, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Boyle B 132 (
Gutenbergia pembensis S. Moore Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and forest, 1–400 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0461 (
Gymnanthemum coloratum (Willd.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland or riverine, 160–250 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 1142, Faden 77/705 (
Gynura colorata Peter ex F. G. Davies Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest and rocky area, 0–850 m. Voucher: Musyoki BM & Hansen OJ 974 (
Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and woodland, ca. 0–100m. Vouchers: Festo L & Luke WRQ 2691, Kassner 475 (
Gynura scandens O. Hoffm. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest, riverine and woodland, ca. 1–200 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 975, Luke & Robertson 1789 (
Helichrysum glumaceum DC. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland or dry bushland, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2541, Drummond RB & Hemsley JH 4047 (
Jeffreycia hildebrandtii (Vatke) H. Rob., S. C. Keeley & Skvarla Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest margins, swampy area, riverine, bushland, and roadsides, 1–700 m. Vouchers: Kirika P, Muthoka P & Mbale M 749, Magogo FC & Glover PE 171 (
Jeffreycia zanzibarensis (Less.) H. Rob., S. C. Keeley & Skvarla Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, bushland, and roadsides, ca. 96 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006126 (
Kleinia abyssinica var. abyssinica Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004666 (
Kleinia abyssinica var. hildebrandtii (Vatke) C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky, grassland, bushland, woodland, and forest, 20–250 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 964, Musyoki & Hansen 971 (
Kleinia implexa (P.R.O. Bally) C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and rocky area, ca. 340 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2566, Drummond & Hemsley 4092 (
Kleinia odora (Forssk.) DC. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 75 m. Voucher: Bally PRO 16891 (
Kleinia schweinfurthii (Oliv. & Hiern) A. Berger Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Luke & Luke 4427 (
Laggera brevipes Oliv. & Hiern Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, and waste ground, 1–200 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 1137 (
Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and cultivated area, ca. 227 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0275 (
Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverbed, coral, and cultivated area, ca. 6 m. Vouchers: Greenway 9267, Mwadime N & Chesire C 195 (
Launaea nana (Baker) Chiov. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, ca. 450 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ et al. 4604E (
Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze Habit: Herb. Habitat: High water mark, beach, and sandy shores, 0–15 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006260 (
Microglossa hildebrandtii O. Hoffm. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest and bushland, 1–600 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5591, Magogo FC & Glover PE 737, Luke WRQ 1811 (
Mikania chenopodiifolia Willd. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest, swampy, and riverine, 0–300 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 1126 (
Nicolasia nitens (O. Hoffm.) Eyles Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, riverine, and temporary pools, 300–600 m. Voucher: Mungai et al. 284/83 (
Orbivestus homilanthus (S. Moore) H. Rob. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest margin, bushland, and beach, 0–15 m. Voucher: Gillespie JB 204 (
Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Riverine, woodland, and swampy, ca. 61 m. Vouchers: Sangai GW
Pluchea sordida (Vatke) Oliv. & Hiern Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Riverine, ca. 256 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 5651, Kuchar P 11974, Kirika P 932 (
Porphyrostemma monocephala (E.A. Bruce) Leins Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, ca. 45 m. Voucher: Makin 422 (
Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine forest, ca. 1–300 m. Vouchers: Luke 3354, Jeffery GW 703, Magogo FC & Glover PE 388 (
Sigesbeckia orientalis L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated and ruderal area, ca. 240 m. Vouchers: Greenway PJ 9178, Pierce T, David & James (
Solanecio angulatus (Vahl) C. Jeffrey Habit: Climber. Habitat: In rivers and streams or woodland, 250–600 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA sr.
Solanecio cydoniifolius (O. Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest margin, cultivated area, and coral, ca. 3 m. Vouchers: van Someren VGL Sh 3, Wakefield s.n., Mwadime & Chesire 278 (
Sphaeranthus africanus L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine, 1–450 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 2938, Nyange M 489 (
Sphaeranthus bullatus Mattf. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine and rocky area, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Luke & Luke 3827a (
Sphaeranthus kirkii var. kirkii Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine, ca. 137 m. Vouchers: Fukuoka N 270, Magogo & Glover 760 (
Sphaeranthus kirkii var. cyathuloides (O. Hoffm.) Beentje Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 1–1750 m. Voucher: Thomas 125 (
Sphaeranthus spathulatus A. Peter Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ponds and streams, 1–250 m. Voucher: Festo L & Luke Q 2577 (
Sphaeranthus ukambensis Vatke & O. Hoffm. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine, bushland, grassland, and woodland, 1–450 m. Voucher: Tana R. Primate Res. Expedition 298 (
Sphaeranthus zavattarii Cufod. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and swampy area, 100–450 m. Voucher: Makin
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste land or cultivated land, ca. 213 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006071, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0335 (
Tridax procumbens L. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivated areas, 213–381 m. Vouchers: Waaijenberg H 10, Magogo FC & Glover PE 723 & 351 (
Vernonia colorata subsp. colorata Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland or riverine, ca. 60 m. Vouchers: Faden & Faden 77/705, Nyange M 506 (
Vernonia popeana C. Jeffrey Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, wooded grassland, and woodland, 0–150 m. Voucher: Luke & Robertson 2514 (
Vernonia wakefieldii Oliv. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 350 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005429 (
Vernoniastrum aemulans (Vatke) H. Rob. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, cultivations, grassland, woodland, and bushland, ca. 80–375 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0147 (
Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, coral, and sandy shores, 0–15 m. Voucher: Festo L & Luke WRQ 2454 (
F38. Balsaminaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland and coastal rainforest, ca. 200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005953, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0397 (
F39. Basellaceae
1 Genus, 2 Species
Basella alba L. Habit: Climber. Habitat: Moist places, ca. 136 m. Voucher: SAJIT–005968 (
Basella paniculata Volkens Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland and forest, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA 5720, Adams BR 59 (
F40. Begoniaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Begonia wakefieldii Gilg ex Engl. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest and bushland, ca. 136–280 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005952 (
F41. Bignoniaceae
5 Genera, 5 Species
Fernandoa magnifica Seem. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal thicket and woodland, 5–450 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006157, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0385 (
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Grassland and woodland, ca. 300 m. Voucher: Jeffery 111 (
Markhamia zanzibarica (Bojer ex DC.) K. Schum. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal thicket and woodland, ca. 230 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0466 (
Spathodea campanulata subsp. nilotica (Seem.) Bidgood Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Scrubland and secondary forests, ca. 100 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 3089 (
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Dry areas of deciduous forest and woodland, ca. 20 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 642 (
F42. Bixaceae
2 Genera, 2 Species
Bixa orellana L. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Cultivated, naturalized, ca. 30–150 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005493 (
Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Habit: Tree. Habitat: Dry forests. Voucher: Graham RM 2334 (
F43. Boraginaceae
7 Genera, 28 Species
Argusia argentea (L.f.) Heine Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Sea shore, ± sea level. Voucher: Greenway 10442 (
Cordia crenata subsp. meridionalis Warfa Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Thairu 110 (
Cordia faulknerae Verdc. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Riverine bushland, 0–250 m. Vouchers: SA Robertson & WRQ Luke 5732, Luke 1573 (
Cordia goetzei Gürke Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal forest, rainforest, riverine forest, and ground water forest, 5–60 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N & Ndungu K 27, RB Faden & AJ Faden 77/657 (
Cordia guineensis subsp. mutica Verdc. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Limestone outcrops, 0–10 (–50) m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006185 (
Cordia monoica Roxb. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Dry woodland, ca. 15 m. Voucher: Mariette Steiner 290 (
Cordia sinensis Lam. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Grassland and bushland, ca. 60 m. Voucher: Drummond & Hemsley 4185 (
Cordia somaliensis Baker Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal bushland, high-tidemark, and coral rag, 0–15 (–150) m. Vouchers: Kirika P, Muthoka P & Mbale M 758, Greenway & Rawlins 8904 (
Cordia sp. B of FT
Cordia subcordata Lam. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Shore, high-tidemark, and mangrove swamps, 0–15 (–75) m. Vouchers: Kimeu JM 667, Gillett 20837, Verdcourt 1070 (
Cordia torrei E.S. Martins Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and rock outcrop, 200–420 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt 2414, Luke & Robertson 1876 (
Ehretia amoena Klotzsch Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, 0–600 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0507 (
Ehretia bakeri Baker Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, bushland, 199–700 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006456, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0424 (
Ehretia cymosa var. silvatica (Gürke) Brenan Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, and bushland, ca. 10 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 3073 (
Euploca ovalifolia (Forsk.) Diane & Hilger Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, woodland, and grassland, ca. 15 m. Voucher: Luke Q 5657 (
Euploca strigosa (Willd.) Diane & Hilger Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and along road sides, ca. 186 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006134, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0343 (
Heliotropium benadirense Chiov. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Sand dunes and sandy places, 0–120 m. Voucher: Luke Q 5488 (
Heliotropium gorinii Chiov. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Above high tide and roadsides, 0–15 m. Vouchers: Verdcourt 3909, Rayner 296a, Greenway 13138 (
Heliotropium pectinatum subsp. pectinatum Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, and Commiphora-Acacia bushland, 15–620 m. Voucher: Polhill & Paulo 593 (
Heliotropium simile Vatke Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and scrub, ca. 150 m. Voucher: Mungai et al. 112 (
Heliotropium sp. A of FT
Heliotropium steudneri subsp. steudneri Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 0–200 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0455 (
Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland or grassland, ca. 20 m. Voucher: Luke Q 5659 (
Hilsenbergia nemoralis (Gürke) J.S. Mill. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, and coral, 0–600 m. Vouchers: Drummond & Hemsley 1106, Magogo & Glover 727, J Adamson 289 (
Hilsenbergia petiolaris (Lam.) J. S. Mill. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, woodland, and coral, 0–30 (–660) m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005604, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0298 (
Hilsenbergia teitensis (Gürke) J. S. Mill. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and forest, 60–850 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005422 (
Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and coconut plantations, 0–45 m. Voucher: Linder 2650 (
Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 15 m. Voucher: GW Sangai 15597 (
F44. Burmanniaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Afrothismia baerae Cheek Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen coastal, 360–400 m. Voucher: Baer S s.n. (
F45. Burseraceae
2 Genera, 13 Species
Boswellia neglecta S. Moore Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 400–620 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N2, Luke WRQ 196, Robertson SA & Khayota B 6416 (
Commiphora africana var. africana Habit: Tree. Habitat: Grassland and bushland, ca. 110 m. Vouchers: Kuchar P 12902, Kibuwa SP 1224 (
Commiphora africana var. glaucidula (Engl.) J. B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushed grassland, ca. 450 m. Vouchers: Rawlins SP 130, Luke WRQ 915 (
Commiphora africana var. oblongifoliolata (Engl.) J. B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushed grassland, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 20354, Cunningham van Someren GR Sh 82, Kibuwa SP 19845 (
Commiphora campestris subsp. glabrata (Engl.) J. B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland, 10–200 m. Voucher: Faden 77/476 (
Commiphora edulis subsp. boiviniana (Engl.) J. B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland and thickets dominated by Sapotaceae, ca. 70 m. Vouchers: van Someren VGL Sh 61, Robertson SA 4083 (
Commiphora eminii subsp. zimmermannii (Engl.) J. B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 5–110 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 212, RB & AJ Faden77/650 (
Commiphora erosa Vollesen Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, 90–400 m. Voucher: Robertson SA 1849 (
Commiphora kua (R. Br. ex Royle) Vollesen Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal thicket, 2–360 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006237 (
Commiphora obovata Chiov. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal bushland, 50–100 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 20353, Mahasi AS in EAH 14890 (
Commiphora pseudopaolii J. B. Gillett Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland, 60–600 m. Vouchers: Gillett 16374, Verdcourt & Polhill 2709 (
Commiphora pteleifolia Engl. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal thicket, ca. 10 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1477, RB Faden, AJ Faden, JB Gillett & N Gachathi 77/475 (
Commiphora sennii Chiov. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Gillet & Gachathi 20535 (
Commiphora unilobata J. B. Gillett & Vollesen Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 70 m. Vouchers: Gillett 21108 & 21109 (
Commiphora zanzibarica (Baill.) Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal thickets and coral, 2–510 m. Vouchers: Willan 341, RB & SA Faden 77/650, SA Robertson 3663 (
F46. Buxaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Buxus obtusifolia (Mildbr.) Hutch. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 280–450 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005537, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0496 (
F47. Cactaceae
2 Genera, 2 Species
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry arid areas, 0–300 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & PA sr: Cultivated.
Rhipsalis baccifera (Sol.) Stearn Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Wet forests and riverine forest, ca. 145 m. Vouchers: Faden RB & Beentje HJ 85/47, Magogo FC & Glover PE 633 (
F48. Calophyllaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Calophyllum inophyllum L. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Rocky and sandy seashores, 0–20 m. Voucher: Robertson SA 4926 (
F49. Campanulaceae
2 Genera, 4 Species
Lobelia fervens subsp. fervens Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest margins, roadsides, streamside or on coastal sand, ca. 136 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005960 & 005945 (
Lobelia fervens subsp. recurvata (E. Wimm.) Thulin Habit: Herb. Habitat: On moist ground in grassland or woodland, ca. 15 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N & Luke WRQ 784 & 419 (
Wahlenbergia abyssinica subsp. abyssinica Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated or waste ground, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Magogo FC & Glover PE 121, Thulin M 300 (
Wahlenbergia napiformis (A. DC.) Thulin Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and roadsides, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2823, Thulin M 298 (
F50. Canellaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Warburgia stuhlmannii Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest and woodland, 20–225 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ 15340, Graham 2208 (
F51. Cannabaceae
2 Genera, 3 Species
Celtis mildbraedii Engl. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lowland rainforest, ca. 160–300 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 2, Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2810, RB Faden & AJ Faden 77/678, RB Faden, AJ Faden & N Gachathi 77/526 (
Celtis philippensis Blanco Habit: Tree. Habitat: Lowland, groundwater, and riverine forest, ca. 30–207 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006021 (
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Habit: Tree. Habitat: Margins of lowland and upland rainforest, ca. 280 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005457 (
F52. Capparaceae
7 Genera, 37 Species
Boscia angustifolia var. angustifolia Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland and bushland, ca. 200 m. Voucher: Robertson SA & Luke Q 4721 (
Boscia coriacea Pax Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, ca. 150 m. Vouchers: Kuchar P 13709, Drummond RB 4093, Graham RM 1586 (
Boscia keniensis Beentje Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 100–350 m. Vouchers: Bally 2024, Robertson SA 319 (
Boscia mossambicensis Klotzsch Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and thicket, ca. 630 m. Voucher: Luke PA WRQ 4400 (
Boscia salicifolia Oliv. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, bamboo thicket, and grassland, ca. 300 m. Vouchers: Burstyne P 70, Bally J 13944 (
Cadaba carneoviridis Gilg & Gilg-Ben. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 30–600 m. Vouchers: Gilbert MG 5862, Robertson SA 2086 (
Cadaba farinosa subsp. farinosa Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Greenway PJ 9440, Moomaw JC 1578 (
Cadaba farinosa subsp. adenotricha (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) R. A. Graham Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 0–400 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ et al. 5411, Rayner RW 163 (
Cadaba gillettii R.A. Graham Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 100–750 m. Voucher: Mrs J Adamson 103 (
Cadaba glandulosa Forssk. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, ca. 600 m. Voucher: Greenway 8866 (
Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 0–400 m. Voucher: SAJIT–005425 (
Cadaba ruspolii Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and woodland, ca. 180 m. Voucher: Bally 2010 (
Capparis erythrocarpos var. rosea (Klotzsch) De Wolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland and bushland, 0–400 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006432, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0497 (
Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 600 m. Voucher: Battiscombe 800 (
Capparis fascicularis var. scheffleri (Gilg & Benedict) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest and bushland, ca. 0–400 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0445 (
Capparis sepiaria var. fischeri (Pax) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, 180 m. Voucher: Battiscombe 269 (
Capparis sepiaria var. stuhlmannii (Gilg) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and riverine forest, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Rawlins SP 168, Magogo FC & Glover PE 684 (
Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra (Oliv.) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 0–200 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1441, Mrs. J Adamson 299 RM in FD 1612, Bally 1991 (
Capparis spinosa var. aegyptia (Lam.) Boiss. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland and coral outcrops, 0–200 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005575 (
Capparis tomentosa Lam. Habit: Liana. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, and riverine, 0–200 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0190 (
Capparis viminea Hook. f. & Thomson ex Oliv. var. viminea Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Luke & Robertson 1562 (
Cladostemon kirkii (Oliv.) Pax & Gilg Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest or thicket, 0–800 m. Vouchers: Festo L & Luke Q 2562, Dale IR 3795 (
Maerua angolensis DC. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and grassland, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Robertson SA 7763 & 5075, Drummond & Hemsley 4218 (
Maerua calantha Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, riverine, and, woodland, 45–460 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 20401, F Thomas 65 (
Maerua crassifolia Forssk. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Bushland or semi-desert scrub, ca. 180 m. Voucher: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5585 (
Maerua decumbens (Brongn.) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 50 m. Voucher: Robertson SA 7635 (
Maerua denhardtiorum Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 90–780 m. Voucher: Sampson 1(
Maerua endlichii Gilg & Gilg-Ben. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 23 m. Voucher: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0456 (
Maerua glauca Chiov. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and thicket, below 100 m. Vouchers: Luke Q & Robertson 2148, Greenway 8964 (
Maerua grantii Oliv. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and grassland, ca. 50 m. Voucher: Rawlins SP 452 (
Maerua holstii Pax Habit: Liana. Habitat: Lowland rainforest and woodland, 30–450 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0486 (
Maerua kaessneri Gilg & Gilg-Ben. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 150–350 m. Voucher: Robertson SA & Luke WRQ 5685 (
Maerua kirkii (Oliv.) F. White Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and riverine forest, ca. 100 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 183, Luke WRQ 3330 (
Maerua macrantha Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland and bushland, 30–50 m. Vouchers: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2709, Rawlins 395, Bally 2155, Drummond & Hemsley 4038 (
Maerua mungaii Beentje Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, 100–150 m. Voucher: Parker I 513/H (
Maerua sessiliflora Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Deciduous bushland, semi-desert scrub, 300–750 m. Voucher: Bally 2187 (
Maerua triphylla var. triphylla Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, ca. 181 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0223 (
Maerua triphylla var. calophylla (Gilg) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, and riverine, ca. 60–200 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0412 (
Maerua triphylla var. johannis (Volkens & Gilg) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland and grassland, ca. 200 m. Vouchers: Bally 14389, Drummond 3868 (
Maerua triphylla var. pubescens (Klotzsch) DeWolf Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rainforest, bushland, and grassland, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Adamson J 6138, Roberson SA 4256 (
Ritchiea capparoides (Andrews) Britten Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest and bushland, 0–300 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0379 (
Thilachium africanum Lour. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, bushland, and grassland, 25–300 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & PA 5696, Graham MD 1536 (
Thilachium roseomaculatum Y.B. Harv. & Vollesen Habit: Herb. Habitat: Denser forest parts, 50–150 m. Vouchers: Harvey, Mwachala & Vollesen 49, Robertson & Luke 6251, Luke 3454 & 3472 (
Thilachium thomasii Gilg Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland and bushland, ca. 50 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–004646 (
F53. Cardiopteridaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Leptaulus holstii (Engl.) Engl. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Lowland rainforests, ca. 289 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V032 (
F54. Caryophyllaceae
1 Genus, 5 Species
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside and grassland, ca. 30 m. Voucher: Festo L, Luke Q & P 2653 (
Polycarpaea eriantha Hochst. ex A. Rich. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, ca. 480 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Estes R 1246 (
Polycarpaea grahamii Turrill Habit: Herb. Habitat: Near the shore. Voucher: Graham MD 1617 (
Polycarpaea spicata Wight ex Arn. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 0–500 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 5460 (
Polycarpaea tenuistyla Turrill Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, ca. 25 m. Voucher: Musyoki BM & Hansen OJ 982 (
F55. Casuarinaceae
1 Genus, 1 Species
Casuarina equisetifolia L. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal bushland and seashore, ca. 2 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006252 (
F56. Celastraceae
12 Genera, 29 Species
Apodostigma pallens var. pallens Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, woodland, and riverine, ca. 0–239 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V078 & V0306 (
Apodostigma pallens var. dummeri N. Hallé Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, ca. 20 m. Vouchers: Mwadime N 18, Luke WRQ 16135 (
Elachyptera holtzii (Loes. ex Harms) R. Wilczek Habit: Liana. Habitat: Evergreen forest to semi-evergreen forest, 120–460 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ 3601 (
Elachyptera parvifolia (Oliv.) N. Hallé Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, woodland, ca. 30 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005527 (
Elaeodendron schlechterianum (Loes.) Loes. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland and forest, 0–410 m. Vouchers: Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0303 (
Elaeodendron schweinfurthianum (Loes.) Loes. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Coastal bushland and forest, 0–30 m. Voucher: Magogo FC & Glover PE 1133 (
Gymnosporia buchananii Loes. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 60–400 m. Vouchers: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 500, Magogo FC & Glover PE 267 (
Gymnosporia gracilis subsp. gracilis Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Evergreen forest margins and thicket, 0–500 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005464 (
Gymnosporia heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest margins and woodland thicket, 0–100 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1546, Graham RM FD Ox352 (
Gymnosporia masindei (Gereau) Jordaan Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, 30–245 m. Voucher: Luke WRQ & Robertson SA 2498 (
Gymnosporia putterlickioides Loes. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland and riverine, ca. 30 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1430, Festo, L & Luke Q 2600, Polhill & Paulo 873 (
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, and riverine, ca. 45 m. Voucher: Nash LT 40 (
Loeseneriella africana var. richardiana (Cambess.) R. Wilczek ex N. Hallé Habit: Liana. Habitat: Riverine forest and thickets, ca. 372 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006159 (
Loeseneriella crenata var. crenata Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest, bushland, 0–80 m. Voucher: Luke Q 1419 (
Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine, and woodland, 0–407 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–006054 & 005549, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0525 (
Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp. aethiopicum Habit: Tree. Habitat: Coastal woodland, 0–250 m. Vouchers: SAJIT–005901, Ngumbau V & Mwadime N V0128 (
Pleurostylia africana Loes. Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland and forest, 0–500 m. Vouchers: Luke Q 1429, RB Faden & AJ Faden 77/707 (