Research Article |
Corresponding author: Daniel B. Montesinos-Tubée ( dbmtperu@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo
© 2020 Daniel B. Montesinos-Tubée, Carolina Tovar, Gustavo Iberico-Vela, Juan Montoya-Quino, Isidoro Sanchez-Vega.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Montesinos-Tubée DB, Tovar C, Iberico-Vela G, Montoya-Quino J, Sanchez-Vega I (2020) Drymaria veliziae (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from the Andes of Cajamarca (North Peru). PhytoKeys 140: 47-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.47738
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A new species from the Northern Peruvian Andes (Cajamarca department), Drymaria veliziae sp. nov., is proposed in the present paper. It grows in the high-elevation montane grasslands and it is morphologically similar to D. auriculipetala from which it differs in having elliptic-ovate leaves, blade margin bases glandular, large number of stipules arranged in a pedicel form at the leaf axis and by the short and glandular pedicels. A detailed description, original photographs and a location map are provided, as well as an updated diagnostic key of Drymaria Ser. Frutescens. The IUCN status of the new species is assessed as Endangered (EN).
Andes, Cajamarca, new species, Caryophyllaceae
The genus Drymaria Willd. ex Schult. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) contains 48 species mainly distributed in subtropical regions of the Western Hemisphere (see the most recent revision of the genus by
Concerning the molecular data, those available for Drymaria are included in the large phylogenetic study of Caryophillaceae by
On the basis of some authors (
As part of the ongoing floristic and taxonomic studies on Peruvian Flora (
Specimens of Drymaria, housed in many South American and other herbaria (B, CUZ, F, HSP, HUT, HUSA, K, L, LP, LPB, MOL, P, SI, SGO, USM, WAG; acronyms according to Thiers 2019+), were studied by the first author (DBM-T). Additionally, field surveys were carried out. Specimen information (including digital images) were searched using online sources such as
Morphological characters were studied using a NSZ-405 1X-4.5X stereomicroscope and an AmScope M100CLED 40×-1000× compound microscope. Conservation assessments were undertaken using the IUCN Red List Criteria (
Peru. Cajamarca: Cajamarca: Encañada: Chanta baja, on sandy clay loam soils amongst shrub species and tussock grasslands, close to agricultural lands, 3295 m elev., slope of 60% and rock cover of 35%, 6°49’56’’S, 78°30’20’’W (DMS). 06 June 2009, C. Tovar 1058 (holotype CPUN–22705!).
Drymaria veliziae is similar to D. auriculipetala Mattf. from which it differs in having glands covering the stems and pedicels, leaves with elliptic-ovate form, shorter in size (4–5.5 mm vs. 5–15 mm in D. auriculipetala), by the leaves arranged in fascicules (vs. simple opposite leaves), stipules in numbers of 14–20 per axis (vs. 2–4 in D. auriculipetala), pedicel size (1–2 mm long vs. 5–40 mm) and by the capsule size being smaller (1.4–1.6 mm vs. 3–4 mm).
Perennial herb, the taproot woody, stems originating from the root brow spreading or ascending, rarely decumbent, of 20–35(–50) cm long. Stems rigid, greenish-lilac, densely glandular, of about 0.05–0.3 mm long, persistent on mature stems and having scattered plicate trichomes of 1–3 mm long on young stems. Internodes 0.2–5.5 cm long. Leaves opposite, usually forming short fascicules; petioles 0.3–0.9 mm long, partially glaucous, scarcely covered with glands in the margins; blades elliptic to ovate, 4–5.5 mm long × 1.2–2 mm width, coriaceous, the bases cuneate, decurrent to the petiole, the apex aristate, 1–1.5 mm long, narrowly bearing short glands along the margin, midrib nearly inconspicuous; leaf margins lustrous, revolute and glabrous except at the base; stipules aciculate to linear-lanceolate, aristate, 1.5–3 mm long × 0.1–0.4 wide, shorter or equalling the length of the leaves, with glabrous margins and usually verticillate, in numbers of 14–20 per axis, persistent, white translucid to brownish with age, rarely bifid or trifid; bracts opposite, 2.5–3 mm long × 2 mm width, involute, cupuliform, irregularly ovate, margins covered with scattered glands, surface white coloured with lilac blotches. Flowers except the first formed, axilar and solitary at the end of the branches, base protected by the bracts (in pairs 1 or 2). Pedicels 1–2 mm long, densely glandular and covered with carinate plicate trichomes, rarely aereal, of about 0.2–0.4 mm. Calyx cylindrical-campanulate; sepals 5, equal, 5–6 mm long × 2–2.2 mm width, glabrous, elliptic-ovate, apex apiculate and aristate, basally truncate, 3–5 nerved; petals 5, 5–7 mm long × 1.8–2.2 mm width, bifid about half their length, elliptic, apex rounded, 1–1.2 mm width, 8–10 nerved, constricted at the junction of the lobes; stamens 5, 2–2.2 mm long, anthers oblong, 0.2–0.3 mm long; ovary roundish, 1–1.4 mm long, slightly exceeded by the anthers; style 1–1.2 mm long, trifid about half its length, stigmatic branches twisted or coiled. Capsule ovoid, 1.4–1.6 mm long, 5–8 seeded. Seeds roundish, reniform, 0.6–0.9 mm long × 0.6–0.8 mm wide, granulate, ventral surface with roundish-acute tubercles, black to dark brown in colour.
A. Internode and leaf arrangements B glandular stems C crown of stipules at the leaf axis D leaves (adaxial side) E leaves (abaxial side) F axis of leaves G bracts at the leaf axis H mature and immature flowers I flower detail J sepals (adaxial side) K sepals (abaxial side) L single petal with bifid apex portion M flower with ovary, stamens (indicated with dark lines) and style N ovary detail with a trifurcated style O seeds.
The epithet “veliziae” honours Claudia Véliz Rosas (1978–2019), a passionate biologist who devoted her research efforts to the study Peruvian biodiversity. Her deep love of nature, people and travelling inspired her to work throughout Peru, studying freshwater, marine and mountain ecosystems. Her research contributed to the establishment of protected areas and the development of management plans. Claudia dedicated many years to study taricaya turtles in the Amazon, helping local human communities to improve taricayas’ management and conservation. She was an excellent and supportive friend, a talented amateur painter and dancer and a keen cyclist.
Paratype: Peru: Cajamarca: Hualgayoc: Hualgayoc, less than 1 km from the Goldfield mine, surrounded by agricultural fields downslope, found on sandy clay loam soils, 3715 m elev., 6°46’43’’S (DMS) and 78°37’5’’W (DMS), 100% slope and 5% rock cover. 01 June 2009, C. Tovar 909 (CPUN–22858!).
Ecology and distribution: Drymaria veliziae grows on steep mountain cliffs (slope 60–100%) on sandy clay loam soils at an elevation of 3295–3715 m on the eastern slopes of the Jalca, on the headwaters of the Llaucano River, tributary of the Marañon River. Climatic characteristics for the localities of the type and paratype, extracted from the CHELSA climatology (
On the basis of the classification proposed by
Drymaria veliziae is morphologically similar to D. auriculipetala Mattf. (1936: 438–439) but differs in having glands covering the stems and pedicels, leaves with elliptic-ovate form, shorter in size, by the leaves arranged in fascicules (vs. simple opposite leaves), stipules larger numbers per axis, shorter pedicel size and smaller capsule size.
Furthermore, Drymaria veliziae differs from D. stereophylla Mattf. (1936: 436–437) by the plant habit, the glabrous surface of the leaves (vs. presence of glands and puberulent trichomes in D. stereophylla), bifid or trifid stipules (vs. entire), shorter stamen size (2–2.2 mm vs. 4–6 mm), shorter style size (1–1.2 mm vs. 1–2.5 mm), capsule size shorter (1.4–1.6 vs. 2.5–3.5 mm) and seed size (0.6–0.9 vs. 0.9–1.3 mm in D. stereophylla).
The new species is further differentiated from D. stellarioides Willd. ex Schult. (1819: 406) by the stipule form (bifid to trifid vs. entire), shorter bract size (2.5–3 mm vs. 3–5 mm in D. stellarioides), sepals glabrous (vs. glabrous to densely glandular-puberulent) and shorter capsule size and form (1.4–1.6 mm, ovoid vs. 3–5 mm long, ellipsoid).
An updating of the diagnostic key for the ser. Frutescens, as proposed by
1 | Pedicels and sepals present and glabrous, sepals (3-)5-nerved | 2 |
– | edicels and sepals present or absent, glabrous or glandular, sepals 3-nerved | 3 |
2 | Leaves imbricate, closely appressed to the stems, 2–6 mm long, 1–1.5 mm broad, basally clasping and pungently acute; the sepals mostly 5-nerved; petals tapered to the claw | D. frutescens |
– | Leaves not imbricate, 4–12 mm long, 2–6 mm broad, apically acute to aristately acuminate; the sepals 3–4-nerved; petals not tapered to the claw | D. stereophylla |
3 | Pedicels and sepals usually glandular, leaves glabrous, apically aristate-attenuate, aristate and basally cuneate; stipules present; seeds with domical or conical tubercles | 4 |
– | Pedicels and sepals glabrous to densely glandular-puberulent; leaves apically acute and marginally entire, densely glandular-puberulent; stipules entire, apparently fused or occasionally absent; seeds without domical tubercles | D. stellarioides |
4 | Bracts absent, simple opposite leaves, pedicels 5–40 mm long, stipules copiously shorter than the leaves; glabrous pedicels and stems, short number of pedicels per axis (2–4) | D. auriculipetala |
– | Bracts present; leaves arranged in fascicules; pedicels 1–2 mm long, glands covering the stems and pedicels; leaves with elliptic-ovate form, large number of pedicels per axis (14–20) | D. veliziae |
Only the two localities referring to holotype and paratype are currently known for Drymaria veliziae (these localities are separated by about 12 km). The surrounding areas are characterised by various types of human activities, for example, agriculture, land conversion, forestry with exotic species, slash burning, natural resource extraction, amongst others (Figure
The first author (DBM-T) is grateful to J.S. Ingham (Oxfordshire, UK) for logistic support in the visit to CPUN herbarium (Cajamarca, Peru) which led to the encounter of the novelty while making a revision of the Caryophyllaceae specimens stored there. The second author (CT) is thankful to the Proyecto Páramo Andino, implemented by CONDESAN and the Universiteit van Amsterdam for their financial support to carry out the fieldwork that led to this collection. Thanks also to E. Cabrera (Cajamarca, Peru) and C. Aguilar (Cajamarca, Peru) for their assistance in the collection and to V. Campos (Herbario Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Peru) for his help in the Herbarium of Cajamarca. We are also grateful to J. Duivenvoorden (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and A. Cleef from the University of Amsterdam (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) for their supervision, support and advice during the project in which the species was collected. We finally thank M. Way and A. Di Sacco (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK) for providing the magnified lens and L. Hudson (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK) and K. Zevallos (Arequipa, Peru) for their help with the editing of pictures.