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Research Article
Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae), a new species from Xizang, China
expand article infoJi-Dong Ya‡, Yong-Jie Guo‡, Cheng Liu‡, Jie Cai‡, Gui-Jun Dong§, Hong Jiang|, De-Zhu Li‡
‡ Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
§ Forestry Bureau of Linzhi Prefecture, Linzhi, China
| National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, China

Corresponding author: Hong Jiang ( orchidchina@hotmail.com )

Academic editor: Wen-Bin Yu
© 2019 Ji-Dong Ya, Yong-Jie Guo, Cheng Liu, Jie Cai, Gui-Jun Dong, Hong Jiang, De-Zhu Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Ya J-D, Guo Y-J, Liu C, Cai J, Dong G-J, Jiang H, Li D-Z (2019) Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae), a new species from Xizang, China. In: Cai J, Yu W-B, Zhang T, Li D-Z (Eds) Revealing of the plant diversity in China’s biodiversity hotspots. PhytoKeys 130: 33-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153
Open Access

Abstract

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum, a new species from Motuo County, Southeast Xizang, China, is described and illustrated here. This new species belongs to Bulbophyllum sect. Umbellata Bentham & J. D. Hooker, and it is morphologically similar to B. umbellatum Lindley, B. guttulatum (J. D. Hooker) N. P. Balakrishnan and B. salweenensis X.H. Jin, but is distinguished from them by having reflexed petals, base of dorsal sepal with 1 dentate on each side, lip with significantly revolute margin, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches and one longitudinal groove.

Keywords

Taxonomy, Bulbophyllum, Section Umbellata, Xizang Province, China

Introduction

Bulbophyllum Thouarm (Orchidaceae) is one of the three largest genera in the orchid family, comprising about 2200 species widely distributed in tropical Africa, Asia and America (Lang and Tsi 1987, Pridgeon et al. 2014). There are about 105 species in China (Chen and Vermeulen 2009), with several new species described in recent years (Zhou and Jin 2015, Liu et al. 2016, Zhai et al. 2017). Motuo is an important area in the eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, but the species diversity in this region is poorly known, and some new taxa are discovered and described in recent years (Lai and Jin 2012, Huang et al. 2013, Raskoti et al. 2017). More conservation efforts are needed in this region to counteract the increasing anthropogenic disturbance and destruction. During our field survey in Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, a new Bulbophyllum species of sect. Umbellata Bentham & J. D. Hooker was found in the subtropical broad-leaved forest and described below.

Materials and methods

Type specimens were collected in Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, during a field expedition in 2016. Photographs were taken in field. Shapes, colors and other details given in the description were based on living materials (five individuals). The column and pollinia morphological photographs were taken using an Olympus SZX16. Voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KUN). The conservation status of the new species was evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2012).

Taxonomy

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum J.D.Ya, Y.J.Guo & C.Liu, sp. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77201398-1
Figure 1, 2

Diagnosis

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum is similar to B. salweenensis X.H. Jin, B. umbellatum Lindley and B. guttulatum (J. D. Hooker) N. P. Balakrishnan in terms of morphological structure and shape of the flowers. The new species can be distinguished from B. salweenensis by the absence of sheaths on the pseudobulbs and rhizome, scape longer than leaf and petals apex mucronate. It can be distinguished from B. umbellatum with smaller and flattened void or ovoid-conic pseudobulbs, shorter leaf blade, petals apex caudate. In addition, the new species can be distinguished from B. guttulatum with leaf blade oblong and apex emarginated, shorter pedicel and ovary, lip papillae with a single longitudinal ridge.

Type

CHINA. Xizang Autonomous Region: Motuo, subtropical, evergreen broad-leaved forest, 1378 m, 17 Mar 2016, J.-D. Ya, Y.-J. Guo, Q.-R. Zhang 18HT1419 (holotype: KUN!).

Description

Epiphytic herbs. Rhizome creeping and rooting, 3–4 mm in diam. Roots arising from the nodes, 0.5–1.5 mm in diam. Pseudobulbs often 1–2 cm apart on rhizome, flattened ovoid or ovoid-conic, ca. 10–16 × 8–15 mm, with a terminal leaf. Leaf blade oblong, 50–65 × 15–20 mm, leathery, apex obtuse and emarginate, base narrowing into a petiole; petiole 10–20 mm. Scape arising from the base of pseudobulb, 13–20 cm long, longer than leaf; umbellate, often 3–4-flowered; peduncle ca. 1.5 mm in diam, with 3 tubular sheaths; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, concave, ca. 6.3 × 2.0 mm; peduncle and ovary ca. 10–15 mm long. Flowers greenish yellow, sepals and petals with dark brown spots; lip greenish yellow, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, apex obtuse, base with 1 dentate on each side, ca. 8.10 × 4.95 mm, 5-veined; lateral sepals falcate-lanceolate, base adnate to column foot, twisted inward near base, ca. 10.30 × 5.26 mm, 5-veined; Petals reflexed, broadly ovate-triangular, ca. 3.23 × 2.52 mm, 1-veined, margin entire, apex mucronate; lip deflexed, triangular-lingulate, ca. 4.02 × 2.94 mm, base subcordate with papillae on the edge, margin revolute, apex obtuse, adaxially with a longitudinal ridge from base to apex, abaxially with a longitudinal groove; column ca. 3.25 mm, with deltoid, rounded wings along lower margins, stelidia deltoid, ca. 1 mm, foot ca. 6.86 mm, apex attached to lip; anther cap subglobose with many longitudinal lamellae when dry. pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, 0.72–0.93 mm, yellow, ovate, waxy, attached to sticky substance. Fl. February–March.

Etymology

The specific epithet “reflexipetalum” refers to reflexed petals of this new species.

Vernacular name

Fan Ban Juan Ban Lan (Chinese pronunciation); 反瓣卷瓣兰 (Chinese name).

Distribution and habitat

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum is currently known only from the type locality of Motuo, Southeast Xizang, China. It is a predominantly epiphytic species that grows on tree trunks, under broadleaf evergreen forest at the elevation between 1300 m and 1400 m.

Conservation status

During our 2-weeks field survey, only 2 populations were found. As this new species may also grow in the broadleaf evergreen forest of vicinity region, we regard its status as Data Deficient (IUCN 2012).

Figure 1. 

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A habitat B plant C inflorescence D front view of flower E lateral view of flower F dorsal view of flower G adaxial sepals and petals H abaxial sepals and petals I lateral view of column and lip J bract K front view of column L dorsal view of labellum M front view of labellum N dorsal view of pollinarium O front view of pollinarium P lateral view of pollinarium Q abaxial anther cap R adaxial anther cap (Photographed by J.-D. Ya).

Figure 2. 

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A plant B inflorescence C front view of flower D lateral view of flower E adaxial sepals and petals F front view of labellum G dorsal view of labellum H lateral view of column and lip I front view of column J bract K lateral view of pollinarium L front view of pollinarium M dorsal view of pollinarium N abaxial anther cap O adaxial anther cap (Drawn by Rong-Mei Zhang).

Discussion

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum belongs to sect. Umbellata based on the umbellate inflorescence (Chen and Vermeulen 2009). Morphologically, this new species is similar to B. salweenensis, B. umbellatum and B. guttulatum in terms of vegetative morphology and shape of the flowers (Figure 3), but is easily recognized by its reflexed petals, the dentate of dorsal sepal and the revolute margin of lip (Table 1). Beyond that, B. reflexipetalum can be distinguished from B. salweenensis by the absence of sheaths on the pseudobulbs and rhizome (vs. pseudobulbs and rhizome with sheaths), scape longer than leaf and petals apex mucronate (vs. the scape shorter than leaf); it differs from B. umbellatum with smaller and flattened void or ovoid-conic pseudobulbs, shorter leaf blade, petals apex caudate (vs. obtuse-rounded petals) ; and it differs from B. guttulatum with leaf blade oblong and apex emarginated (vs. leaf blade elliptic-oblong and apex rounded), shorter pedicel and ovary, lip papillae with a single longitudinal ridge (lip with three ridges in B. guttulatum) (Chen and Vermeulen 2009, Zhou and Jin 2015).

Figure 3. 

A Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum B B. umbellatum C B. salweenensis 1 front view of flower 2 lateral view of flower 3 lateral view of column and lip 4 dorsal sepal 5 petal 6 front view of column 7 dorsal or lateral view of labellum (Photographed by J.-D. Ya & H. Jiang).

Table 1.
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Morphological comparison of Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum and its closely related species.

Characters Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum B. salweenensis B. umbellatum B. guttulatum
Pseudobulbs flattened ovoid or ovoid-conic, without sheaths ovoid-conic, with sheaths ovoid-conic or narrowly ovoid, without sheaths ovoid or ovoid-conic, without sheaths
10–16 × 8–15 mm 10–40 × 4–6 mm 20–25 × 7–10 mm 13–35 × 10–20 mm
Leaf blade oblong, apex emarginate, 5–6.5 × 1.5–2 cm narrowly oblong, apex emarginate, 4–16 × 0.5–2.5 cm oblong, apex emarginate, 8–19× 1.3–2.8 cm elliptic-oblong, apex rounded, 7–14 × ca. 3 cm.
Scape 13–20 cm, longer than leaf 4–9 cm, shorter than leaf 10–15 cm 8–12 cm
Pedicel and ovary 10–15 mm ca. 10 mm ca. 20 mm ca. 25 mm
Flowers greenish yellow with dark brown spots greenish yellow with purplish red spots dark greenish yellow or brown with purplish apex yellow with red spots
Dorsal sepal Ovate, apex obtuse, base with 1 dentate ovate, acuminate, entire. ovate, concave, apex acute broadly ovate, apex mucronulate
Petals Reflexed, broadly ovate-triangular, ca.3.23 × 2.52 mm, apex mucronate lanceolate, denticulate, ca. 5 × 2 mm, apex caudate ovate, ca. 7 × 5 mm, obtuse-rounded broadly ovate-triangular, ca. 4.5 × 4 mm, apex mucronate
Lip greenish yellow, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches whitish purple at base, pink at apex, keel pink. white white with purple spots
triangular-lingulate, apex obtuse, ca. 4.02×2.94 mm lingulate, apex obtuse, lingulate, apex obtuse, subovate, apex emarginated, 5 × 3.4 mm
ca. 8×3 mm; ca. 8×3 mm;
adaxially papillae with a longitudinal ridge, margin revolute, abaxial with a longitudinal groove; adaxially papillae with a longitudinal ridge adaxially papillae with a longitudinal ridge adaxially with 3 longitudinal ridges

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Xiaohua Jin, Chao Hu for their valuable discussion and suggestions. We convey our special thanks to Qiaorong Zhang, Huajie He, Shaofa Qin, Fengqiong Zhang and Changhong Li for their kind assistance in the field. This study was financially supported by National Science & Technology Infrastructure and the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017-LSFGBOWS-02).

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