Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ali A. Dönmez ( donmez@hacettepe.edu.tr ) Academic editor: Hanno Schaefer
© 2019 Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Dönmez AA, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa. PhytoKeys 122: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33002
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Crataegus azarolus L. has a wide distribution pattern from the western Mediterranean coasts to the eastern parts of Iran with several varieties adapted to local climatic conditions. Crataegus azarolus var. senobaaensis var. nov. is described as a new variety from southeast Turkey with characteristic deep leaf sinuses, mostly 3–4 pairs of lobes and leaves ovate-oblong in outline. Two varieties of the species are accepted under the name of Crataegus azarolus and the correct names are published here. Crataegus monogyna var. odemisii var. nov. is described from İzmir, in the western part of Turkey. This new variety is distinguished by its orange fruit colour. An outstanding disjunct distribution pattern has been discovered for the recently described species, Crataegus yaltirikii Dönmez. Updated descriptions and infraspecific identification keys for Crataegus azarolus and Crataegus monogyna are given and pictures and distribution data for the new taxa are also supplied.
Crataegus, endemism, new variety, Rosaceae, Turkey
The genus Crataegus L. grows mostly in the northern hemisphere and prefers forest openings and open areas of steppe. The number of species in the genus is ca. 240 with around 170 species in the New World and 70 species in the Old World (
Ongoing studies both in the field and herbarium resulted in the discovery of a new variety (Figure
Crataegus azarolus L. is an economically important fruit plant and its fruits have been used for food, jam and other traditional cuisines in the area. Although there is an extensive distribution from Spain to Iran, this species does extensively diversify in Turkey. Two varieties have been described by
The descriptions of Crataegus azarolus var. senobaaensis Dönmez and Crataegus monogyna var. odemisii Dönmez & Özderin are based on field collections of the new taxa at Şırnak, Bitlis and İzmir, observation on the habitat and examination of ca. 600 herbarium specimens from E, EGE, G, HUB, ISTO, K, LE and W (acronyms follow Index Herbariorum; http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/) by the authors. The preliminary conservation status of the new taxa was assessed using the
The descriptions of the species have been updated according to the relevant literature, field observations and collections, both from the mentioned herbaria and our own collections. The measurements are based on the herbarium materials.
Shrub or tree up to ca. 4 (-10) m tall. Twigs more or less lanate or lanate-tomentose. Thorns up to ca. 8 cm long, more or less stout. Buds 2–3 (-4.2) mm long, 2–3 (-4.8) mm in diameter. Leaf blades more or less coriaceous, more or less lustrous dark green and appressed-pubescent above, pale or greyish-green and glabrous or appressed pubescent beneath, attenuate, cuneate or rounded at base, lobes obtuse, acute or cuspidate, margin entire or serrate with more or less coarse teeth; basal pair of veins divergent, straight or convergent. Subterminal leaf blades of flowering shoots (10-) 15–30 (-80) × (7-) 10–25 (-70) mm, lobes 1–2 (-4) pairs, rarely absent, basal lobes sometimes extending to midrib, each lobe entire or with (1-) 2–3 (-6) teeth in distal half, lobe length 0.5–1 (-3) times to width; petiole (2-) 4–6 (-17) mm; stipules rarely absent or 3–5 (-10) × 0.5–1 (-3) mm, entire or with 1–3 teeth. Subterminal leaf blades of short shoots (10-) 15–30 (-70) × (10-) 15–25 (-50) mm, lobes 1–2 (-4) pairs, basal pair extending to midrib, basal lobe entire or with 3 (-6) teeth in the upper half; petiole (2-) 4–8 (-28) mm long; stipules mostly undeveloped or 2–3 (-5) × 0.5–1 mm. Leaf blades of elongate shoots (15-) 20–35 (-80) × 15–25 (-70) mm, lobes 1–3 (-4) pairs, basal pair entire or 1–4 (-8) teeth at upper half; petiole 2–10 (-20) mm; stipules 4–10 (-25) × (0-) 3–5 mm, with 3–5 (-10) teeth. Inflorescence (10-) 15–20 (-45) × 15–20 (-60) mm long, corymbose, (5-) 10–20 (-25) flowered, more or less lanate or lanate-tomentose; pedicels 2–5 (-10) mm; bracts 1–4 × 0.2–0.9 mm, caducous, linear or lanceolate, margin entire or denticulate with 1–6 teeth. Flowers (5-) 10–15 mm in diameter. Hypanthium 3–6 × 3–6 mm; sepals 1.2–3.5 × 1.6–3.9 mm, usually broadly triangular, margin entire, apex more or less acute; petals 3–7 × 4–7 mm; stamens 15–20 (-22), anthers purple; styles (1-) 2–3 (4). Fruit (6-) 8–12 (-35) mm, depressed-globose, globose or slightly pyriform, yellowish-green or orange, often tinged with red, when dried, often becoming dark red; the immature fruit crowned by the persistent erect or spreading sepals, at maturity sepals re-curved; pyrenes (4-) 5–7 × 6–8 (-20) mm, dorsally sulcate, ventrally smooth, hypostyle pilose.
Crataegus aronia var. dentata Browicz, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 324. 1972. TYPE [Turkey] Muğla: Marmaris, Bayır, 15 iv 1965, P.H.Davis 41136 (holotype: E!; isotype: K!).
Crataegus aronia var. minuta Browicz, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 324. 1972. TYPE: [Turkey] Hatay: 8 km from Belen towards Antakya, ca. 600 m elev., 6 v 1965, Coode & Jones 521 (holotype: E!).
This new variety differs from the other varieties (Crataegus azarolus var. minuta Browicz and Crataegus azarolus var. dentata Browicz and Crataegus azarolus var. aronia L.) by its deeply divided leaf sinuses, mostly 3–4 pairs of leaf lobes and mostly ovate-oblong leaves at outline.
TURKEY. Şırnak: 20 km from Uludere to Şırnak, above Şenoba, steppe, ca. 1250 m elev., 28. September 2002, A.A.Dönmez 11139, (holotype: HUB, isoptypes, HUB, EGE). Paratypes: Bitlis: Tatvan, Koruklu village, Yenitoprak district, 1734 m elev., hedge, 02.10.2013. A.A.Dönmez 18745-K.Özgişi. (HUB!).
(Figure
Crataegus azarolus var. senobaaensis grows in dry steppes from 1250 to 1735 m elevation.
The epithet denotes the type locality Şenoba.
Crataegus azarolus var. senobaaensis should be labelled as “Critically Endangered”, (CR B1+D) according to the
1 | Inflorescence and leaves up to 15 mm in length | C. azarolus var. minuta comb. nov. |
– | Inflorescence and leaves longer than 15 mm | 2 |
2 | Leaves one or rarely two shallowly lobed at apex; ovate or elliptic | C. azarolus var. dentata comb. nov. |
– | Leaves 2–4 lobed, lobes more than half of the lamina | 3 |
3 | Leaf lobes 1–2 times wide, sinuses 1/2 to 1/3 of lamina | C. azarolus var. aronia |
– | Leaf lobes 3–4 times wide, leaves deeply pinnatisect | C. azarolus var. senobaaensis, var. nov. |
[Turkey] Şırnak: Beytüşşebap, above Günyüzü village, opening of deciduous forest, 37°27'N, 043°09'E, 1495 m elev., 28.ix.2002; A.A.Dönmez 11143-B.Mutlu (designated by
(Figure
Crataegus yaltirikii grows in Quercus brantii Lindley forest openings at the type locality and amongst the maquis vegetation in Mersin, a recently discovered location.
“LC” threat category was assessed for Crataegus yaltirikii in the description of the species (2005). Based on the new distribution pattern of the species, the threat category of the species was re-evaluated and “LC” is still the appropriate category for the species.
Trees or shrubs up to 10 m. Twigs glabrous rarely villose. Thorny or thornless, thorns up to 25 (-70) mm. Buds 1.1–2.8 × 1.1–2.5 mm. Leaves ±coriaceous, ±greyish below, glabrous to villose or villose on veins beneath, attenuate to widely cuneate at base, lobes obtuse to acute, entire to incised serrate at margin. Subterminal leaf blades of flowering shoots 10–35 (-57) × 8–30 (-60) mm, lobes (0-) 1–2 (-3) pairs, basal sinuses close to midvein, angles of basal vein at or wider than 45°, rarely narrower, basal lobes entire or with 2–4 (-9) serrate teeth in distal 1/2 to 3/4, petiole (1-) 5–15 (-30) mm; stipules (1-) 3–10 (-16) × 0.2–0.4 mm, entire or irregularly glandular serrate with 1–5 (-8) teeth. Subterminal leaf blades of short shoots (10-) 15–35 (-57) × (8-) 15–30 (-55) mm, lobes (0-) 1–2 (-3) pairs, basal sinuses reach to half lamina or close to midvein, lobes entire or with (2-) 4–8 (-14) teeth in the distal 1/3 to 1/8, petiole 5–15 (-45) mm, stipules undeveloped or (1-) 2–3 mm, entire or with 2–4 teeth. Middle leaf blades of elongate shoots 20–40 (-60) × 20–40 (-65) mm, 2–3 (-4) pairs, basal lobes with (0-) 3–5 (-16) teeth in distal 1/4 to 1/8, petiole (6-) 10–20 (-25) mm; stipules (4-) 8–15 (-20) × 2–4 (-8) mm, entire or irregularly serrate with 2–10 (-35) teeth. Inflorescence (10-) 15–35 (-50) × 15–45 mm, corymbose, lax, (5-) 8–15 (-20) flowered, glabrous to villose, pedicels 4–10 (-32) mm, bracts 0.5–8 (-10) × 0.1–0.5 mm, deciduous, linear-lanceolate, entire or denticulate with 1–4 teeth. Flowers (5-) 8–12 mm in diameter; hypanthium 2–4 × 2–3 mm; sepals 1.2–4 × 1.2–2.6 mm, widely triangular margin entire, acute or obtuse; petals (3-) 4–5 (-7) × 4–6 (-7) mm; stamens (15-) 18–20, anthers maroon; styles 1. Fruit 5–11 × 4–7 (-10) mm, globose to cylindrical, red to dark red, rarely orange, glabrous or sparsely villose, flesh yellowish, juicy to mealy, sepals recurved at maturity; pyrenes 4–6 (-9) × 3–5 (-8) mm, 1 (-2), dorsally and ventro-laterally entire or striate, hypostyle glabrous.
This new variety differs from the other varieties (Crataegus monogyna var. monogyna and Crataegus monogyna var. lasiocarpa (Lange) K.I.Christ.) sensu
TURKEY. İzmir: Ödemiş, around Gölcük region, towards peak of Bozdağ, 1050–1120 m elev., 9 September, 2014, A.A.Dönmez 20263-S. Özderin, (holotype: HUB); isotypes: HUB, EGE). Paratypes: İzmir: Ödemiş, around Gölcük region, towards to peak of Bozdağ, 1050–1120 m elev., 8 October, 2013, S. Özderin s.n.; 22 May, 2015, S. Özderin s.n. (HUB).
flowering in May and fruiting in September-October.
in openings of Pinus nigra forest.
(Figure
Crataegus monogyna var. odemisii grows in openings of Pinus nigra forest between 1050 and 1120 m elevation. The basic vegetation type is maquis at lower elevations of the area. Besides this, Pinus nigra forest replaces it at higher altitudes and steppe vegetation dominates above the tree zone.
The epithet of this new variety denotes the collection area, Ödemiş.
Crataegus monogyna var. odemisii should be assigned to “Critically Endangered”, (CR B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv), D) according to the
Two new varieties have been published by
Crataegus monogyna is one of the most polymorphic species amongst the Eurasian Crataegus taxa with respect to leaf morphology and indumentum. Due to local variations of the species and species concepts by the authors who studied Crataegus, many new taxa have been described. In addition, new combinations and alteration of their status have been made. Based on these taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties, both taxonomic and nomenclatural synonyms of about 200 names have been listed by
Crataegus yaltirikii Dönmez is a recently described new species from southeast Turkey and we found a new population of the species on the Taurus Mountain ranges, nearly 400 km away from the type locality. Climatic conditions of these two localities are different; the type locality is a cold and snowy area, whereas the recently discovered locality is characterised by hot and dry summers, rainy and warm winters. We have not yet obtained molecular works on these disjunct populations. Besides this, we assume that these populations should be local ecotypes of the species.
1 | Fruit orange yellow; fertile leaf lobes with only few teeth, short shoot leaf lobes with many teeth | C. monogyna var. odemisii var. nov. |
– | Fruit red to dark red; teeth of fertile and short shoot leaf lobes are similar | 2 |
2 | Leaves, twigs and fruits sparsely villous or glabrous | C. monogyna |
– | Leaves, twigs and fruits densely villous | C. lasiocarpa |
Crataegus azarolus var. dentata (Browicz) Dönmez
TURKEY. Muğla: Datça, Taşlıca village, Karayurt district, limestone, 36°37.7’N, 28°6.1’E 208 m elev., 1 December 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10412 -S.Işık (HUB!). İçel: Tarsus, Kadıncık I Dam, 500 m elev., 11 May 1990, Y.Gemici 5480 (EGE!); Tarsus, Beylice village, 600 m elev., 10 August 1990, A. Güner 7951-H.Karaca (HUB!).
Crataegus azarolus var. minuta (Browicz) Dönmez
TURKEY. Denizli: around Pamukkale, 9 May 1975, Browicz & Zielinskii 104 (E!, LE!). Antalya: Kaş, Lengumen village, around Belpınarı, 1100 m elev., limestone, 9 September 1992, A.A.Dönmez 2963 (HUB!); Elmalı, y. 1300 m elev., 4 June 1961, Howard C.Stutz 1512 (W!). Konya: Ermenek, E of Ermenek ca. 1200 m elev., 27 May 1978, M.Vural 700 (ANK!). Mersin: Mut, Magras Mountain, 1100 m elev., 750 m elev., 11 May 1965, Coode & Jones 750 (E!, ISTO!). Kahramanmaraş: from Kahramanmaraş to Zeytin, Ahır Mountain, 1100 m elev., 8 May 1934, Balls 991 (E!). Kilis: 2 km from Kilis to Radar, slopes, Quercus çalılığı, ca. 800 m elev., 2 June 2000, A.A.Dönmez 7812 (HUB!).
Crataegus monogyna var. monogyna
TURKEY. Edirne: Enez, Kılıçbey village, Quercus forest, 40°46.3"N, 26°32.61"E, 30 m elev., 8 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8704 (HUB!). Kırklareli: Demirköy Değirmendere district, 41°49.61"N, 27°45.25"E, 265 m elev., 9 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8778 (HUB!). Tekirdağ: Ganos Mt., Akçahalil village, ca. 500 m elev., 5 November 1999, A.A.Dönmez 6795 (HUB!). Çanakkale: Gelibolu, Bolayır, Koruköy, 40°33.65"N, 26°48.41"E, 60 m elev., 7 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8681 (HUB!). İstanbul: Büyükdere, Cumhuriyet street, amongst Pinus nigra, 41°9.6"N, 29°2.63"E, 50 m elev., 10 November 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10400 (HUB!). Kocaeli: Gebze, TÜBİTAK MAM campuse, ca. 100 m elev., 17 December 2002, A.A.Dönmez 11097. Bilecik: Taşçılar village, 40°14.5"N, 29°53.93"E, 600 m elev., 5 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8648 (HUB!). Bolu: Mengen, Çapak stream, Pinus nigra opening, ca. 550 m elev., 17 May 2002, A.A. Dönmez 10602 (HUB!). Ankara: Nallıhan, Kabaca village, 40°19.56"N, 31°21.19"E, 774 m elev., 24 August 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10004 (HUB!). Ankara: Ayaş road, amongst Quercus-Pinus plantation, 40°4.78"N, 32°27.95"E, 1050 m elev., 1 June 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8918 (HUB!). Karabük: between Karabük and Eskipazar, 41°19.05"N, 32°40.18"E, 289 m elev., 17 May 2002, A.A.Dönmez 10580 (HUB!). Kastamonu: Boyalı, Bahçeçiçek village, Abies nordmanniana opening, 41°9.12"N, 33°18.85"E, 993 m elev., 5 June 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9201 (HUB!). Amasya: Suluova, 630 m elev., M&D Zohary 2165 (E!). Tokat: between Koyulhisar and Reşadiye, Quercus-Pinus opening, 40°22.25"N, 37°33.2"E, 505 m elev., 25 May 2002, A.A.Dönmez 10569 (HUB!). Artvin: west of the city, 500 m elev., 3 June 1993, A.A.Dönmez 3244 (HUB!). Çanakkale: Biga, Gerlengeç village, ca. 5 m elev., Quercus-Fraxinus scrub, 07 April 1999, A.A.Dönmez 7532 (HUB!). İzmir: Bozdağ, from Ödemiş to Bozdağ Quercus scrub, 38°17.16"N, 28°3.18"E, 990 m elev., 4 April 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8356 (HUB!). Aydın: Nazilli, Yağdere village, 37°55.43"N, 28°12.85"E, 312 m elev., 4 April 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8339 (HUB!). Balıkesir: Akbaş village, Quercus-Juniperus scrub, 39°40.08"N, 27°31.96"E, 390 m elev., 6 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8662 (HUB!). Bilecik: Söğüt, Quercus opening, 39°58.16"N, 30°7.15"E, 1100 m elev., 5 April 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8378 (HUB!). Manisa: Kula, Sandal village, 38°59.16"N, 28°34.05"E, 504 m elev., 21 August 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9931 (HUB!). Kütahya: from Harmancı to Tavşanlı, 39°35.45"N, 29°24.76"E, 872 m elev., 22 August 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9957 (HUB!). Uşak: between Delihıdırlı and Karahallı, 38°20.58"N, 29°33.85"E, 879 m elev., 20 August 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9927 (HUB!). Afyon: Çay, 1000 m elev., 9 August 1992, A.A.Dönmez 2905 (HUB!). Denizli: Acıgöl, rocky places, 37°49.4"N, 29°45.26"E, 845 m elev., 23 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8909 (HUB!). Isparta: Eğirdir, Akpınar village, 37°50.2"N, 30°51.18"E, 1100–1400 m elev., 1 April 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8287 (HUB!). Konya: Beyşehir, Yeşildağ village, 37°34.01"N, 31°32.21"E, 1210 m elev., 19 August 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9910 (HUB!). Ankara: Beytepe, ca. 950 m. elev. 24 September 2000, A.A.Dönmez 8092 (HUB!). Kırıkkale: Delice, Baraklı village, 17 August 1993, A.A.Dönmez 3927 (HUB!). Yozgat: Saray, 39°43.23"N, 34°42.2"E, 1100 m elev., 4 April 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8388 (HUB!). Adana: Himmetli, Saimbeyli, Davis 26652 (E!). Adıyaman: Gölbaşı, between Meydan and Hamzalar village, 37°52.81"N, 37°40.33"E, 1035 m elev., 15 September 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10126 (HUB!). Elazığ: from Elazığ to Malatya, Gülmahmut village, 38°33.78"N, 39°3.03"E, 1188 m elev., 21 April 2002, A.A.Dönmez 10518 (HUB!). Erzincan: Kemah, Eriç-Tuztaşı, ca. 800–900 m elev., 28 May 1998, A.A.Dönmez 6451 (HUB!). Malatya: Elazığ road, Kapıkaya village, 38°20.65"N, 38°33.3"E, 930 m elev., 21 April 2002, A.A.Dönmez 10515 (HUB!). Aydın: from Nazilli to Ödemiş, Hisarcık village, 38°055"N, 28°23.45"E, 380 m elev., 22 September 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10156 (HUB!). Denizli: Babadağ, Göçükoluk pasture, 37°48.16"N, 28°51.1"E, 1300 m elev., 23 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8898(HUB!). İzmir: Beydağ, Mutalar village, 38°4.4"N, 28°14.35"E, 260 m elev., 22 September 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10158 (HUB!). Muğla: from Muğla to Denizli, 37°11.09"N, 28°37.63"E, 805 m elev., 21 September 2001, A.A.Dönmez 10152. Antalya: Kaş, Lengumen village, 1100 m elev., 9 September 1992, A.A.Dönmez 2965 (HUB!). Konya: from Beyşehir to Akseki, 37°32.06"N, 31°34.45"E, 1180 m elev., 20 April 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8613 (HUB!). Mersin: Fındıkpınarı, Turunçlu, 36°49.75"N, 34°26.2"E, 570 m elev., 8 March 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8186-B. Mutlu (HUB!). Adana: Çamardı, Yelyutan village, 1300 m elev., 18 May 1993, A.A.Dönmez 3183 (HUB!). Kahramanmaraş: between Andırın and Gebez, 1300 m elev., 21 May 1993, A.A.Dönmez 3205 (HUB!). Osmaniye: Düziçi, Düldül Mt., Çitli village, 37°19.16"N, 36°29.55"E, 1012 m elev., 22 June 2004, A.A.Dönmez 12041 (HUB!). Hatay: Belen, 36°31.41"N, 36°15.26"E, 1300 m elev., 28 June 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9469 (HUB!). Mardin: from Mardin to Diyarbakır, 1000 m elev., Davis 28718 (E!). Şırnak: from Şırnak to Eruh, 37°39.28"N, 42°19.25"E, 1550 m elev., 28 September 2002, A.A.Dönmez 11138 (HUB!).
Crataegus monogyna var. lasiocarpa (Lange) K.I.Christ.
TURKEY. Edirne: İpsala, Sarpdere, 40°53.23"N, 26°24.68"E, 60 m elev., 8 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8732 (HUB!). Tekirdağ: Hayrabolu, Çarıklı village, ca. 150 m elev., 19 June 1999, A.A.Dönmez 6941 (HUB!). Bolu: between Göynük and Mudurnu, 40°26.9"N, 30°54.08"E, 1105 m elev., 7 July 2003, A.A.Dönmez 11662(HUB!). Aydın: Karacasu, 37°44.01"N, 28°37.45"E, 422 m elev., 3 March 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8332 (HUB!). Balıkesir: Susurluk, 39°46.31"N, 28°2.56"E, 300 m elev., 6 May 2001, A.A.Dönmez 8658 (HUB!). Kütahya: Sabuncu, Fındık village, 39°33.33"N, 30°13.13"E, 962 m elev., 23 August 2001, A.A.Dönmez 9984 (HUB!). Ankara: Botanik Park, ca. 1000 m elev., 06 October 2000, A.A.Dönmez 8140. Tunceli: Pülümür, Gökçekonak village, 39°23.65"N, 39°50.13"E, 1252 m elev., 1 June 2002, A.A.Dönmez 10871 (HUB!). Muğla: Fethiye, Kemer, Kayacık village, 890 m elev., 8 September 1992, A.A.Dönmez 2961 (HUB!). Antalya: Kaş, 1130 m elev., limestone, 9 September 1992, A.A.Dönmez 2967 (HUB!). Adana: Kozan, 800 m elev., 18 May 1993, A.A.Dönmez 3191 (HUB!). Osmaniye: Düziçi, Düldül Mt., Çitli village, 37°19.16"N, 36°29.55"E, 1012 m elev., 22 June 2004, A.A.Dönmez 12045 (HUB!).
We thank the curators of the herbaria cited in the text for permission to use specimens in their care during the Crataegus project of the first author. Taxonomic studies of the Turkish Crataegus L. (Rosaceae) Taxa are supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAKTBAG 1958 (100 T 125). The second author also thanks S.D. University Scientific Research Unit (Project No: 3211-D2-12) and staff of the Ödemiş Forestry Management for supporting her field works.