Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa

Regine Jahn; Wolf-Henning Kusber; Christine Cocquyt

doi:10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542

Research Article

Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa

Regine Jahn^‡, Wolf-Henning Kusber^‡, Christine Cocquyt^§

‡ Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

§ Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium

Corresponding author: Regine Jahn ( r.jahn@bgbm.org )

Academic editor: Kalina Manoylov

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Jahn R, Kusber W-H, Cocquyt C (2017) Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa. PhytoKeys 82: 73-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542

Abstract

To comply with the new phylogeny within the Surirellales as supported by molecular and morphological data, re-evaluations and re-combinations of taxa from and within the genera Surirella, Cymatopleura, and Stenopterobia and with the re-established genus Iconella are necessary. Since the African diatom flora is rich with taxa from these genera, especially Iconella, and the authors have studied these taxa recently, describing also new taxa, a preliminary checklist of African Iconella and Surirella is here presented. 94 names are contained on this list. 57 taxa have been transferred to Iconella; 55 taxa were formerly ranked within Surirella and two taxa within Stenopterobia. 10 taxa have stayed within Surirella and six taxa have been transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella. 20 Surirella and 1 Stenopterobia names are listed which are either unrevised or unrevisable since morphological data is missing. Four names and taxa described by Ehrenberg are here typified. Two had been transferred to Iconella already: Iconella bifrons (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov and Iconella splendida (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov. Two are re-transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella: Surirella librile (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. and Surirella undulata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb.; both taxa are currently known by their younger synonyms: Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Smith and Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. ex Kützing) W. Smith. Lectotypes for Iconella bifrons, I. splendida, Surirella librile, and S. undulata were designated.

Keywords

diatoms, Surirellales , types, nomenclatural changes, biodiversity

Introduction

Surirella taxa have been recognized, drawn, and described very early in diatom history since they often have large cells. The genus Surirella Bory is within the first published diatom genera which are still in current use: Bacillaria by Gmelin in 1791, Fragilaria by Lyngbye in 1819, Achnanthes and Navicula by Bory in 1822, Diatoma by Bory in 1824, Melosira and Meridion by Agardh 1824, Surirella by Turpin in 1828; further important genera were later described such as Cymbella by C. Agardh in 1830, Gomphonema by Ehrenberg in 1832, Encyonema by Kützing in 1833, Eunotia by Ehrenberg in 1837, Achnanthidium by Kützing in 1844, Campylodiscus by Ehrenberg ex Kützing in 1844, Nitzschia by Hassall in 1845, etc.

The genus name Surirella was introduced by P.J.F. Turpin in 1828 who had found it in a collection by the French medical doctor Suriray from brackish waters at the coast of Le Havre in France. He published beautiful drawings which had been enlarged in the microscope by 300×. Ehrenberg also used this 300x enlargement for his research and used this genus name first in 1834 for Surirella bifrons and Surirella splendida; in his 1838 publication (Ehrenberg 1838) he ranked Surirella as a subgenus of Navicula and contained in it the species librile, splendida, bifrons, undulata, striatula (type of the name of the genus Surirella introduced by Turpin), and constricta (no Surirella according to Jahn and Kusber 2004). For each of these he added a ? between the genus and the epithet which meant that he thought that this species might belong to a new genus to be differentiated from Navicula; at the end of the text he wrote that they definitely belong to the genus Surirella because of their different mode of division in comparison to Navicula. By 1845 Ehrenberg (1845a, b) had also recombined Navicula librile and Navicula undulata with Surirella (see typifications below).

Subsequently, more Surirella taxa were discovered. W. Smith (1851: 7) explains the morphology of Surirella: “Valves concave, with a longitudinal central line and margins produced beyond the suture (winged). … The concavity of the valves, their winged margins, and the longitudinal central line, which wants the central depression so conspicuous in the Naviculae, are characters which sufficiently distinguish Surirella from all other genera. I believe a careful examination of the loricae … would detect the presence of alae in all the species.” In this paper he also described and differentiated his new genus Cymatopleura against Surirella, the main differences being “the undulated surface of the valves seems to indicate a peculiarity of structure sufficient to constitute a generic difference, and the absence of alae and costae implies a further diversity in the internal character which cannot be regarded as unimportant” (W. Smith 1851: 12). Subsequently, W. Smith recombined Cymatopleura solea (= S. librile Ehrenb.) and Cymatopleura elliptica (= S. undulata Ehrenb.). In his Treatise on the Diatoms, Van Heurck (1896: 374) reintroduced and validated the genus Stenopterobia which had been first mentioned by Brébisson; his short differential diagnosis against Surirella is: “Frustules very elongated and very narrow, sometimes sigmoid.”

All the above mentioned genera, Surirella, Cymatopleura, Stenopterobia, Campylodiscus (for C. clypeus (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. ex Kütz. see Poulíčková and Jahn 2007) are part of the order Surirellales (sensu Round et al. 1990, Ruck and Kociolek 2004, and Ruck et al. 2016a) which are canal-raphe-bearing diatoms with a circumferential raphe at the entire valve margin. The genera Epithemia and Rhopalodia which have a canal-raphe-not positioned around the entire valve margin, had been placed into the order Rhopalodiales (Round et al. 1990) but Ruck et al. (2016a) placed them also into the order Surirellales because their monophyly is strongly supported by molecular data (Ruck and Theriot 2011, Ruck et al. 2016a). However, the publications of Ruck et al. (2016a, 2016b), performed with morphology and molecular markers on those Surirellales, strongly reject the monophyly of several genera in the current classification (Round et al. 1990), especially concerning the genera Surirella and Campylodiscus. In order to provide a home to taxa which do not fit into their strict genus definition, Ruck et al. (2016b) reintroduced the genus Iconella which had been established by Jurilij in 1949 and Coronia which had been established as a subgenus by Ehrenberg, validated by Grunow and raised to genus rank by Ruck and Guiry (2016).

In the tropical African aquatic ecosystems, taxa from the genera Surirella and Cymatopleura, as traditionally known, play an important role (Ross 1983, Cocquyt and Vyverman 1994, Cocquyt 2000). In typifying historical material from African waters as described by Otto Müller (Cocquyt and Jahn 2005, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c, 2007d, 2014), by Cholnoky (Cocquyt et al. 2017), by Foged (Cocquyt and Kusber 2010), by Woodhead and Tweed (Cocquyt et al 2013), we have tried to reevaluate earlier findings of these taxa as well as their endemism. In order to help researchers to name their taxa correctly, we are providing a list of African taxa which have been recombined with a different genus; we are also listing those taxa whose names did not change. Since some of Ehrenberg’s species have been the basis for varieties of African taxa, we are including the typification of four taxa originally described by Ehrenberg and synonymizing two younger taxa.

Material and methods

From the Ehrenberg Collection at BHUPM (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin), the following materials (for details of the collection see Jahn and Kusber 2004) were investigated:

540128-6 (Iconella bifrons)

540178-1 (Iconella splendida)

540177-3 (Surirella librile)

540177-4 (Surirella librile)

540138-6 (Surirella undulata)

Zeichenblatt No 1130 (Iconella bifrons)

Zeichenblatt No 1160 (Iconella splendida)

Zeichenblatt No 1151 (Surirella librile)

Zeichenblatt No 1163 (Surirella undulata)

New names and typifications are registered in PhycoBank (Kusber et al. 2017), a registration system for nomenclatural acts (see Barkworth et al. 2016) which is currently in the trial phase. Stable http identifiers are linking to the prototype portal. When possible, we are using long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for specimens according to Güntsch et al. (2017).

Two specimens at BR (Botanic Garden Meise) have been reinvestigated and documented. For specimens not seen at BRM (Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Hustedt Diatom Study Centre, Bremerhaven), Simonsen (1987) was consulted. Author names are standardized according to IPNI database (The International Plant Names Index 2017). For several nomenclatural details the Index Nominum Algarum (1988+) and the AlgaTerra database (Jahn and Kusber 2005+) have been used.

Results and discussion

Typification of species described by Ehrenberg

Iconella bifrons (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 1. 2016.

≡ Navicula bifrons Ehrenb. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1833: 259. 1834.

≡ Surirella bifrons (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1841: 388. 1843.

Lectotype

(designated here). BHUPM 540128-6 “Trockenpräparate CXXVIII 6”. (The valve representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 1A).

http://phycobank.org/100029

Comments

The combination in Ehrenberg (1843) has been accepted by Kützing (1844: 61). The specimen of the lectotype was misprinted as “547806-3” in Cocquyt and Jahn (2007b) (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 7.10). Iconella bifrons was introduced in Ruck et al. (2016a) and validated in Ruck et al. (2016b).

Figure 1.

Iconella bifrons A–B Lectotype: BHUPM 540128-6 C–D Ehrenberg's drawing BHUPM 1130 showing different shapes of the same species in Ehrenberg's concept. Scale bar for A = 10 µm.

Iconella splendida (Ehrenb.) Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 2. 2016.

≡ Navicula splendida Ehrenb. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1831: 81. 1832.

≡ Surirella splendida (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1841: 389. 1843.

Lectotype

(designated here). [icon!] Drawing BHUPM 1160. (The cell representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 2A “2-4”).

http://phycobank.org/100030

Further material

Mica preparation BHUPM 540178-1 shows a girdle view with dark inclusions and is not informative for identification.

Comment

Iconella splendida was introduced in Ruck et al. (2016a) and validated in Ruck et al. (2016b).

Figure 2.

Iconella splendida. Lectotype: Drawing BHUPM 1160. A The alive cell representing the lectotype in three views (hand written numbers 2-4), length 188 µm B Later documentation of valve details by Ehrenberg, hand written numbers 5-6 represent a 226 µm long cell.

Surirella librile (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. in Ber. Bekanntm. Verh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1845: 139 table. 1845.

≡ Navicula librile Ehrenb. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1831: 81. 1832.

Lectotype

(designated here). [icon!] BHUPM 1151c, d. (The cell representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 3A–B).

http://phycobank.org/100031

Further material

BHUPM 540177-3 „Trockenpräparate CLXXVII 3“ (Fig. 3D), BHUPM 540177-4“ Trockenpräparate CLXXVII 4“ (Fig. 3C).

Synonyms

= Cymbella solea Bréb. in Brébisson & Godey, Alg. Falaise: 51, pl. VII, p.p. 1835.

≡ Surirella solea (Bréb.) Bréb., Consid. Diat.: 17. 1838.

≡ Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Sm. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. 7: 12. 1851.

Nomenclatural comment

Ehrenberg (1845a) introduced and used the name Surirella librile. In this publication (1845a) he described all species new to science formally with a Latin diagnosis. Because he did not mark the species as new to science, Ehrenberg introduced the name Surirella librile as a new combination of Navicula librile under the then accepted genus name Surirella. This combination can be verified by the images Ehrenberg (1854) provided e.g. for Berlin material “Brakisches, strichweis lebendes, Erdlager unter Berlin” (Ehrenberg 1854: pl. 14: fig. 38).

Taxonomical comment

Ehrenberg (1832) published Navicula librile by a description which included the length of 1/10 Paris Line which is 225.6 µm. But this measurement does not correspond to the first observations he made in Berlin 1826 drawn on a small piece of paper (Fig. 3E) and glued onto the drawing sheet BHUPM 1151. Nevertheless, the published measurement corresponds perfectly to two of his specimens on his drawing sheet BHUPM 1151 showing a living cell in valvar and girdle view (Fig. 3A–B). Therefore, Ehrenberg (1832) was the first who described the species which was some years later described again as Cymbella solea Bréb. & Godey (1835) which was later recombined as Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Sm. (1851) and became type of the name of the genus Cymatopleura (Smith 1851). Ehrenberg’s specimens, probably deposited in 1835 or 1836 (see Ehrenberg 1838) give proof (Fig. 3C–D) of his earlier findings (Ehrenberg 1832). In addition, Ehrenberg apparently also observed the form which is identified today as “Cymatopleura solea var. apiculata” (cf. Fig. 3F, e.g. Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1988, Hofmann et al. 2013). Schoeman and Archibald (1979) had accepted Ehrenberg’s taxon as having priority under Cymatopleura. Later Cymatopleura was conserved against Sphinctocystis Hassall with Cymatopleura solea as its type (see Wiersema et al. 2015). Since Cymatopleura is here not accepted at the rank of a genus, this conservation is not applicable to our taxonomic treatment.

Figure 3.

Surirella librile. Lectotype: Drawing BHUPM 1151. A Girdle view representing the lectotype (corresponding to preparation BHUPM 540177-3 in 3D) B Valvar view representing the lectotype; Ehrenberg indicated two views of one cell with dots between the undulated girdle view in A and the valvar view in B. C Corresponding preparation BHUPM 540177-4 D Corresponding preparation BHUPM 540177-3 E Documentation of Ehrenberg’s observations in 1826 F Small cells in girdle view not correponding to the published protologue. Scale bar for C–D = 10 µm.

Surirella undulata (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. in Ber. Bekanntm. Verh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1845: 307. 1845.

≡ Navicula? undulata Ehrenb., Infusionsthierchen, 187, pl. XXI: fig. XVI. 1838.

Lectotype

(designated here). BHUPM 540138-6 “Trockenpräparate CXXXVIII 6” (The valve representing the lectotype is reproduced here as Fig. 4D).

http://phycobank.org/100032

Further original material

Drawing BHUPM 1163.

Synonyms.

Surirella elliptica Bréb. ex Kütz., Kieselschal. Bacill., 61, pl. 28: fig. 28. 1844.

≡ Cymatopleura elliptica (Bréb. ex Kütz.) W. Sm. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 7: 13. 1851.

Comment

Ehrenberg (1845b) introduced and used the name Surirella undulata. In this publication he described all species new to science formally with a Latin diagnosis. Because he did not mark the species as new to science, Ehrenberg introduced the name Surirella undulata as a new combination of Navicula undulata under the then accepted genus name Surirella. This combination can be verified by the drawing Ehrenberg (1854) provided e.g. for Berlin material “Brakisches, strichweis lebendes, Erdlager unter Berlin” (Ehrenberg 1854: pl. 14: fig. 39). Since Ehrenberg published this taxon name already in 1838, his name has priority over Surirella elliptica.

Figure 4.

Surirella undulata. A–C Drawing BHUPM 1163 D Lectotype: BHUPM 540138-6, Trockenpräparate CXXXVIII 6. Scale bar for D = 10 µm.

Autapomorphies

In the Surirellaceae the raphe canal runs marginally at the edge of the valve. This canal is interrupted on the external valve face at the poles of the valve while internally the raphe is continuous at the head pole, and interrupted at the base pole. Differences between the three genera had been defined as (according to Hofmann et al 2011):

Cymatopleura: valves are crossed by several large undulations which are not interrupted near the median line (= axial area). The raphe is located within a shallow keel (Spaulding and Edlund 2008).
Stenopterobia: valves are elongated or curved sigmoid-like with equally sized poles. The canal raphe is raised above the valve onto a keel (Spaulding and Edlund 2010).
Surirella: valves are iso- or heteropolar, transapical undulations are finely structured and interrupted near the median line.
- Pinnatae group: raphe canal sits directly at the valve mantle; the raphe is interrupted at both poles. Supporting elements are the fibulae which project from the valve mantle more or less into the center of the valve face.
- Robustae: raphe canal rises above valve face and mantle and is located on a wing. Where the canals of the wings, the alar canals, meet the valve face, in LM appears an apically running wavy line which has been named a loop (Schleifenbildung). Between the alar canals lie fenestrae.

These traditional differentiations based on outline, undulations and median line (formerly named pseudoraphe or axial area) were not supported by the molecular data (Ruck et al. 2016a). Ruck et al. (2016a) therefore proposed morphological autapomorphies for the differentiation of genera. As a true autapomorphy they accepted only the morphological differentiation between the Pinnatae and the Robustae group within Surirella which means the raphe canal is located either directly on the mantle (Pinnatae) or rises above the valve and mantle and has alar canals with fenestral openings occluded by fenestral bars (Robustae).

Since the type of the name of the genus Surirella, S. striatula, belongs to the Pinnatae group, the Pinnatae make up the true Surirella genus including also the taxa from the Cymatopleura genera because their raphe canal also is located on the valve mantle. Taxa from the Robustae group as well as Stenopterobia taxa – and a few Campylodiscus taxa i.e. C. hibernicus – belong to the reinstated genus Iconella. Since alar canals have also been found in marine Campylodiscus sensu lato (now Coronia (Ehrenb. ex Kütz.) Ruck & Guiry), an additional autapomorphy for Iconella besides the occluded fenestral openings are the internally rimmed pores.

This means that the above list of features for identifying the genera needs to be revised (according to Ruck et al. 2016):

Campylodiscus s.s. (C. clypeus only plus formerly Surirella Fastuosae; most of its marine taxa are now Coronia, the freshwater taxa Iconella): communication between the raphe canal and interior through a funnel- or chalice-shaped structure.
Coronia (formerly marine Campylodiscus): raphe canal rises above the valve and mantle; it has alar canals with fenestral openings often unoccluded and with simple unrimmed pores.
Surirella s.s. (restricted to the SurirellaPinnatae plus Cymatopleura): the raphe canal is located directly on the mantle.
Iconella (formerly SurirellaRobustae, Stenopterobia plus formerly Campylodiscus Robusti): raphe canal rises above the valve face and mantle and has alar canals with fenestral openings occluded by fenestral bars with internally rimmed pores.

Campylodiscus taxa reported from tropical Africa are few. Beside the more common C. clypeus and C. clypeus var. bicostata (W. Sm. ex Roper) Hust. the only endemic species is Campylodiscus tanganicae Hust., reported from Lake Tanganyika. Since we cannot determine currently to which genus the African taxa associated historically with Campylodiscus belong, we have excluded them from this study. Marine Coronia taxa are also not part of this study.

The African Rhopalodia and Epithemia taxa as described in O. Müllers papers are currently being studied by us and will be published elsewhere.

African Iconella Taxa

Iconella aculeata (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella aculeata Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 503, fig. 609. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X1/1 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee”.

http://phycobank.org/100033

- Surirella aculeata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: fig. 9; pl. 355: fig. 1. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella acuminata (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella acuminata Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 501, fig. 606. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X1/7 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100034

- Surirella acuminata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 355: 5 - 6. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella anassae (Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella anassae Cholnoky in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 104: 84, fig. 278–279. 1957.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NIWR 186/3707 “Tugela Village, Nkunzini”.

http://phycobank.org/100035

Iconella africani-orientalis (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella africani-orientalis Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Willdenowia 35: 364. 2005.

≡ Surirella constricta var. africana O. Müller in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 32, pl. 2: fig. 1. 1903.

≡ Surirella muelleri Hust. [non Forti] in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 355: fig. 2 (caption). 1922, nom. illeg.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 2, fig. 1; reproduced as fig. 8 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005) “Plankton of Lake Malombe [Malawi]”.

http://phycobank.org/100036

= Surirella constricta var. maxima O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 32, pl. 2: fig. 2. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 2, fig. 2; reproduced as fig. 7 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a) “Plankton of Lake Malawi, northern part, Tanzania”.

Iconella agonaensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella agonaensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 123, 151, pl. 25: fig. 3. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 141/1961. “Southwest Ghana. Fresh water (a small stream in bamboo thicket between the villages Agona and Nsuaem, Loc. No. 12). 9.III.1961.”

http://phycobank.org/100037

Iconella approximata (Woodhead & Tweed ex Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber) Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella approximata Woodhead & Tweed ex Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber in Diatom Res. 28: 122. 2013.

Holotype

NMW C90.12.179 “River Chigara, Sierra Leone”.

http://phycobank.org/100038

- Surirella approximata Woodhead & Tweed in Hydrobiologia 12 (2/3): 202, pl. 6 figs 71, 73. 1958, nom. inval.

Iconella bonsaensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella bonsaensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 124, 151, pl. 25: fig. 1. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 151/1961. “Southwest Ghana. Fresh water (the Bonsa river, a tributary to the Ankobra river; Loc. No. 14). 9.III.1961.”

http://phycobank.org/100039

Iconella brevicostata (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella brevicostata O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 34-35, pl. 2, fig. 9. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040181 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040181] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa [Lake Malawi, Malawi] (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039])”.

http://phycobank.org/100040

= Surirella tanganyikae G.S. West in J. Linn. Soc., London. Bot. 38: 166, pl. 8: fig. 6. 1907.

Localities

“Tanganyika – In plankton, Kituta Bay (25 Aug. 1904; no. 77), near Mbete (28 Sept. 1904; no. 105, and near Kala (19 Nov. 1904; no. 170)”.

Iconella brevicostata var. constricta (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella brevicostata var. constricta Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 505, fig. 615. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 220/39 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika - G.S. West, Exp.”.

http://phycobank.org/100041

- Surirella brevicostata var. constricta in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 309: fig. 2. 1914, nom. inval.

Iconella brevicostata var. elongata (Hust. ex Simonsen) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella brevicostata var. elongata Hust. ex Simonsen, Atlas and Catalogue of the Diatom Types of F. Hustedt 1: 50. 1987.

Holotype

BRM X1/59 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika-See.”.

http://phycobank.org/100042

- Surirella brevicostata var. elongata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 309: fig. 1. 1914, nom. inval.

Iconella chasei (Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella chasei Cholnoky in Portugaliae Acta Biol. Sér. B 4: 225, fig. 118–119, 1954.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NWU 07–172 “Eastlands, Umtali District, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Stream bank fully exposed to sunlight, source of mountain ravine on a fern hill on border of Eastlands”.

http://phycobank.org/100043

Iconella cataractarum (Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor) Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor, comb. nov.

≡ Stenopterobia cataractarum Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor in Phytotaxa 158: 78, figs 1–38. 2014.

Holotype

BR 4345. “Zambia, Luapula Province, Ntumbachushi Falls, 09.853736° S, 28.944683° E, leg. J.C. Taylor 12-349”.

http://phycobank.org/100044

Iconella chepurnovii (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella chepurnovii Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Nova Hedwigia 84: 542, figs 45–47. 2007.

Holotype

(in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). BR 4099 (ACBUA 576) Lake Tanganyika “Lacus Tanganyika, Gatororongo (Burundi), Africa centralis”.

Isotype

(in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040243 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040243].

http://phycobank.org/100045

Iconella coei (Cholnoky ex Cocquyt, J.C. Taylor & Kusber) Cocquyt, J.C. Taylor & Kusber, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella coei Cholnoky ex Cocquyt, J.C. Taylor & Kusber in Fottea 17(1): 39, figs 30–39. 2017.

Holotype

UNWH NIWR 332/6627 “Mount Kenya”.

http://phycobank.org/100046

- Surirella coei Cholnoky in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 107: 362, fig. 25–26, 1960, nom. inval.

Iconella congolensis (Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor) Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella congolensis Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor in Eur. J. Taxon. 133: 8, figs 6–9. 2015.

Holotype

BR 4399 “Oriental Province, DR Congo, Lomami River (0.49339° N and 24.16960° E). Epiphyton on dead submerged wood”.

http://phycobank.org/100047

Iconella crawfordii (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella crawfordii Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 77: 218, fig. 3C. 2007.

≡ Surirella fuellebornii var. tumida Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 495, fig. 596. 1942.

Lectotype

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X6/63 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100048

- Surirella fuellebornii var. tumida Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 355: fig. 10. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella debesii (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella debesii Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: figs 3, 4. 1922.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X7/59 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee” of the plate.

http://phycobank.org/100049

Comment

Description in the caption in Hustedt (1922).

Iconella delicatissima var. ghanaensis (Foged) Cocquyt & Kusber, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella delicatissima var. ghanaensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 124, 151, pl. 25: fig. 9. 1966.

≡ Stenopterobia delicatissima var. ghanensis (Foged) Cocquyt & Kusber in Nova Hedwigia 91: 126. 2010.

Holotype

C Ghana 204/1961 “West Ghana. Fresh water (a small river north of the village Dwinyana; Loc. No. 30). 12.III.1961.”

http://phycobank.org/100050

- Surirella delicatissima var. africana Cholnoky 1959, nom. inval.

Comment

Variety of Iconella delicatissima Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 3. 2016.

Iconella dodowaensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella dodowaensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 124, 151, pl. 25: fig. 6. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 151/1961 “Southeast Ghana. Fresh water (a river near the village Dodowa, Loc. No. 62). 1.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100051

Iconella dumae (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella dumae Hust. in Hedwigia 63: 169. 1921.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 222/72 “D.O. Afrika. Regenpfütze im Dumagebiet” German East Africa, rain barrel.

http://phycobank.org/100052

- Surirella dumae Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 295: fig. 5, 6. 1913, nom. inval.

Iconella ebalensis (Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor) Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor, comb. nov.

Surirella ebalensis Cocquyt & J.C. Taylor in Eur. J. Taxon. 133: 3, figs 1–5. 2015.

Holotype

BR 4398 “Oriental Province, DR Congo, Lomami River (0.49339° N and 24.16960° E). Epiphyton on Nymphaea lotus; collected by François Darchambeau and Ernest Tambwe on 24 Nov. 2012”.

http://phycobank.org/100053

Iconella effusa (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella effusa Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 357: figs 1, 2. 1925.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/9 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100054

Comment

Although Hustedt (in Huber-Pestalozzi 1942) reported this taxon as “nicht selten” it was never observed by other investigators.

Iconella engleri (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella engleri O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 28, pl. 1, fig. 4. 1903.

≡ Surirella nyassae var. engleri (O. Müll.) Ostenf. in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 52: 178. 1909.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040240 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040240] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 1 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

http://phycobank.org/100055

= Surirella engleri f. angustior O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 28, pl. 1: fig. 5. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). slide B 40 0040241 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040241] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 2 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

= Surirella engleri f. subconstricta O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 28-29, pl. 1, fig. 6. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040239 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040239] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

= Surirella engleri var. constricta O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 29, pl. 1, figs 7, 8. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040238 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040238] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 4 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

= Surirella engleri [var. constricta] f. minor Woodhead & Tweed ex Cocquyt, Jüttner & Kusber in Diatom Res. 28:124, fig. 3. 2013.

Holotype

NMW C90.12.229 “Rokupr, site E, Sierra”.

= Surirella engleri [var. constricta] f. sublaevis O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 29, pl. I, fig. 9. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a). B 40 0040238 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040238] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 5 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), Malawi”.

Iconella esamangensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella esamangensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 125, 151, pl. 25: fig. 2. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 144/1961 “Southwest Ghana. Fresh water (a small river in the rain forest near the village Esamang, Loc. No. 12). 9.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100056

Iconella friedelhinziae (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella friedelhinziae Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 77: 218. 2007.

≡ Surirella fuellebornii var. elliptica O. Müll. In Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 31, pl. 1: fig. 13. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 1, fig. 13 “Lake Tanganyika”. 1D in Cocquyt & Jahn (2007).

Epitype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). BR 4101 “Lake Tanganyika, Burundi; near Kibwe 105 km south of Bujumbura, sandy, stony beach with abundant tufts of Vossia cuspidata Griff. (Poaceae)”.

Isoepitype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). B 40 0040242 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040242] (ACBUA 660/2).

http://phycobank.org/100057

Iconella fuellebornii (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella fuellebornii O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 30. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). B 40 0040236 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040236] “Lake Malombe”.

http://phycobank.org/100058

= Surirella fuellebornii var. constricta O. Müll. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 30-31, pl. 1, fig. 12.1903.

Lectotype (designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 1, fig. 12. “Lake Malombe” according to Cocquyt and Jahn (2007b).

= Surirella fuellebornii f. subconstricta O. Müll. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 30, pl. 1, fig. 11 1903.

Iconella gradifera (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella gradifera Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 501, fig. 605. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). X2/57 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100059

- Surirella gradifera Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: fig. 8, 9. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella heidenii (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella heidenii Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 355: fig. 2–4. 1922.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/58 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100060

Iconella kusberi (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella kusberi Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 77: 221. 2007.

≡ Surirella bifrons var. intermedia O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 27, pl. 1: fig. 1. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). [icon] Pl. 1. fig. 1 in Müller (1903) reproduced as fig. 1A in Cocquyt and Jahn (2007b) “unknown” locality.

Epitype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b). Slide B 40 0040235 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040235], from Müller's material B 52 0000058 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000058] (the valve representing the epitype in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007b as fig. 7C “The River Olunga (Tanzania)”.

http://phycobank.org/100061

Iconella lancettula (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella lancettula Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 505, fig. 613. 1942.

Lectotype

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X7/58 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee”.

http://phycobank.org/100062

- Surirella lancettula Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: figs 1, 2. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella latecostata (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella latecostata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: figs 5–7. 1922.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/70 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See.”

http://phycobank.org/100063

Iconella likomensis (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella likomensis Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Willdenowia 35: 361. 2005.

≡ Surirella bifrons [var. tumida] f. minor O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 28, pl. 1, fig. 3. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903: t. 1, fig. 3; reproduced as Fig. 4 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005) Lake Nyassa [Lake Malawi] near Likoma on the bottom.

Epitype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040180 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040180] Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039].

http://phycobank.org/100064

Taxonomical remark

According to Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a), the taxonomic concept Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehrenb.) Hust. sec. Hustedt in Schmidt (1912) pro parte falls into synonymy.

Iconella linearis var. elliptica (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella linearis var. elliptica O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 30, pl. 1: fig.10. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040182 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040182] Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039]).

http://phycobank.org/100065

Comment

Variety of Iconella linearis (W. Sm.) Ruck & Nakov in Notulae algarum 10: 2. 2016.

Iconella linearis var. elongata (Compère) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov. et, stat. nov.

Surirella linearis f. elongata Compère in Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 45: 380, figs 11, 23. 1975.

Holotype

BR 982 “Chad, Lake Chad”.

http://phycobank.org/100066

Iconella malombae (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella malombae O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 34, pl. 2: figs 5–6. 1903.

≡ Surirella nyassae var. malombae (O. Müll.) Ostenf. in Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 52: 178. 1909.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040230 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040230] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi), Malawi” (sample B 52 0000039 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000039])”.

= Surirella malombae f. acuta O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 34, pl. 2, fig. 7. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). [icon] Pl. 2: fig. 7 in Müller (1903) “Lake Malombe, after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi”.

Epitype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040231 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040231] “Lake Victoria near the isle of Djuma” (sample B 52 0000100 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000100]).

http://phycobank.org/100067

= Surirella malombae var. tumida Ostenf. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 343. 1908.

Iconella margaritifera (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella margaritifera Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 501, fig. 607. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/85 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100068

- Surirella margaritifera Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: figs 3–5. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella margaritacea (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella margaritacea O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 37, pl. 2: fig. 12. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). slide B 40 0040183 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040183], river Songwe [Tanzania] (sample B 52 0000036 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000036]).

http://phycobank.org/100069

Iconella muelleri (Forti) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella muelleri Forti in Atti R. Ist. Veneto Sc. Lett. Ed Arti 69(2): 1284, 1294, pl. 3: fig. 9, 10. 1910.

Type locality

Ethiopia, lago Zulay. Coll. Giov. Negri.

http://phycobank.org/100070

Iconella murielae (Compère) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella murielae Compère in Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 45: 381, figs 12, 26. 1975.

Holotype

BR 984, Compère 3875. “Lac Tchad, à 10 km au N du delta du Chari, plancton”.

http://phycobank.org/100071

Comment

This species is illustrated by LM and SEM in Bogaerts et al. (2014), additional illustrations are given here in Fig. 5.

Figure 5.

Iconella murielae. Valve from the holotype slide BR 984. A, C Overview of the entire valve at different foci B, D Detail of the middle part of the valve at different foci B is showing the fenestral openings below the raphe canal and D the striae and the transapical undulations. Scale bar for A, C = 20 µm; scale bar for B, D = 10 µm.

Iconella nagbogensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella nagbogensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 125, 151, pl. 25: fig. 7. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 279/1961 “Northeast Ghana. Fresh water (a small river near the village Nagbog, Loc. No. 53). 21.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100072

Iconella nervosa (A.W.F. Schmidt) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella tenera var. nervosa A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 23: fig. 15. 1875.

≡ Surirella nervosa (A.W.F. Schmidt) Ant. Mayer in Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Regensburg 14: 341. 1913.

Lectotype

(here designated). [icon!] A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 23: fig. 15. “Whatabevot”

http://phycobank.org/100073

Taxonomical comment

From two different localities A.W.F. Schmidt (1875) depicted three valves with an axial area including a central line and spines at both ends of this line. The valve depicted as pl. 23: fig. 15 fits the criterium “illustration with analyses” (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 38.10) because many small spinules on the valve surface are clearly shown. Therefore we have choosen pl. 23: fig. 15 as the lectotype. fig. 16 is less detailed. We exclude the depicted specimen collected at Khayenmatay (fig. 17) from the species because with its denser costae and less distinct wing projection it probably belongs to a different species.

Iconella nyassae (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella nyassae O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 33, pl. 2: fig. 3. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040228 “Lake Malawi near Langenburg, Tanzania, between 40-70 m depth (sample B 52 000014 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000014]).

http://phycobank.org/100074

= Surirella nyassae var. sagitta O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 33, pl. 2: fig. 4. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007d). B 40 0040229 “Lake Malawi near Langenburg, Tanzania, between 40-70 m depth” (sample B 52 000013 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000013]).

Iconella obtusiuscula (G.S. West) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella obtusiuscula G.S. West in J. Linn. Soc., London Bot. 38: 165, pl. 8: fig. 7. 1907.

Comment

Type specimen not studied but specimens from Lake Tanganyika observed (Cocquyt 1998).

Localities

“Tanganyika – In plankton, Komba Bay (11 Oct. 1904; no. 135) and near Kala (19 Nov. 1904; no. 170).”

http://phycobank.org/100075

Iconella oliffii (Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella oliffii Cholnoky in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 103: 90, fig. 134, 1956.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). [icon]. fig. 134 in Cholnoky (1956) “Umgeni river by Albert Falls. 14.X.1954”, leg. W.D. Oliff.

Epitype

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NIWR 193/3860 “Kwa–Zulu Natal, Umgeni River at Albert Falls, Umgeni, South Africa”.

http://phycobank.org/100076

Iconella panganiensis (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella panganiensis O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 257-258, figs 3–4. 1904.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005). [icon] Müller 1904, fig. 3; reproduced as fig. 22 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a), Rufidji (Usambara-Usagara region) Pangani rapids.

http://phycobank.org/100077

Iconella plana (G.S. West) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella plana G.S. West in J. Linn. Soc., London Bot. 38: 165, pl. 8: fig. 5. 1907.

Locality

“Tanganyika – In plankton, near Ndauvie (7 Feb. 1905; no. 227).”

http://phycobank.org/100078

Comment

Type specimen not studied but specimens from Lake Tanganyika observed (Cocquyt 1998).

Iconella propinqua (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella propinqua Hust. in Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission H. Damas 8: 153, pl. 14: fig. 5, 6. 1949.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987), BRM 242/6 DR Congo “Belg. Kongo. 39”.

http://phycobank.org/100079

Iconella pseudothienemannii (Cholnoky) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella pseudothienemannii Cholnoky in Beih. Nova Hedwigia 21: 72–73, fig. 184, 185, 1966.

Holotype

UNWH NIWR 169/336 „Uferwasser des Kunene-Flusses bei Swart Boois Drift. Stille Bucht am Südufer, 8.8.1961“.

http://phycobank.org/100080

Iconella reicheltii (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella reicheltii Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 501, fig. 607. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X3/69 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100081

- Surirella reicheltii Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: figs 3–5. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella sorriensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella sorriensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 125, 152, pl. 25: fig. 8. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 223/1961 “North Ghana. Fresh water (the Sorri river, the White Volta river system, Loc. No. 35). 16.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100082

Iconella spiraloides (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella spiraloides Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 507, fig. 617. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/45 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100083

- Surirella spiraloides Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: fig. 2, 3. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella subcontorta (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella subcontorta Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 518, fig. 633. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/57 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100084

- Surirella subcontorta Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: fig. 1, 2. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella takoradiensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella takoradiensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 126, 152, pl. 25: fig. 4. 1966.

Holotype

C Ghana 119/1961 “Southest Ghana. Fresh water (a small river in the rain forest west of Takoradi; Loc. No. 8) 8.III.1961”.

http://phycobank.org/100085

= Surirella takoradiensis var. suhinensis Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 126, 152, pl. 25: fig. 5.

Holotype. C Ghana 218/1961 “West Ghana. Fresh water (the Suhin river, the Black Volta river system; Loc. No. 33. 13.III.1961”.

Iconella tchadensis (Compère) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella tchadensis Compère in Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 45: 380, figs 11, 23. 1975.

Holotype

BR 987 (see also Bogaerts et al. 2014), Compère 3880, Tchad.

Valves from the holotype slide are given in Fig. 6

http://phycobank.org/100086

Figure 6.

Iconella tchadensis. A–D Valves from the holotype slide BR 987 A–C valvar views showing the size range D girdle view. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Iconella tumida (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella bifrons var. tumida O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 27, t. 1, fig. 2. 1903.

≡ Surirella tumida (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Willdenowia 35: 361. 2005.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005). [icon] Müller 1903: t. 1, fig. 2; reproduced as fig. 1 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a) “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Nyassa [Lake Malawi, Malawi]”.

Epitype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). B 40 0040179 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040179] “Lake Malombe after discharge of Lake Malawi, Malawi (sample B 52 0000038 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000038])”.

http://phycobank.org/100087

Taxonomical remark

According to Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a), the taxonomic concept Surirella biseriata var. bifrons (Ehrenb.) Hust. sec. Hustedt (in Schmidt 1911) pro parte falls into synonymy.

Iconella turbo (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella turbo O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 34, pl. 2, fig. 8. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005a). [icon] Müller 1903, pl. 2, fig. 8; reproduced as fig. 24 in Cocquyt and Jahn (2005a) “Lake Malawi, near Island of Likoma (sample B 52 0000025 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000025])”.

http://phycobank.org/100088

Iconella vasta (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella vasta Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 503, fig. 611. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/89 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100089

- Surirella vasta Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 354: fig. 6, 7. 1922, nom. inval.

Iconella vasta var. linearis (Hust.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Surirella vasta var. linearis Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 504. 1942.

Lectotype

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). X4/9589 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. 6”.

http://phycobank.org/100090

Updated taxonomy of African Surirella taxa

Surirella afrocalcarata Cocquyt & R. Jahn, nom. nov.

≡ Cymatopleura calcarata Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 480, fig. 579. 1942.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM Xa/20 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganika See”.

http://phycobank.org/100091

- Cymatopleura calcarata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 367: figs 1–2. 1927, nom. inval.

Comment

The epithet name “afrocalcarata” was chosen because of Suriraya calcarata Pfitzer in Bot. Abh. Morphol. Physiol. 2: 107. 1871. Suriraya is a homotypic synonym of Surirella Turpin.

Surirella clavata (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Cymatopleura solea var. clavata O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 22, fig. 1. 1904.

≡ Cymatopleura clavata (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147 (3): 413 2014.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). B 40 0040250 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040250] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 1D in Cocquyt and Jahn (2014) “Malawi, Lake Malombe, after the discharge of Lake Malawi”.

http://phycobank.org/100092

Surirella comperei (Cocquyt & R. Jahn) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Cymatopleura comperei Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147 (3): 419, figs 6–8. 2014.

Holotype

B 40 0040184 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040184]; the valve representing the holotype was published as fig. 6E in Cocquyt and Jahn (2014) “Malawi, Lake Malawi near Langenburg”.

http://phycobank.org/100093

- Cymatopleura solea var. subconstricta O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23. 1904, nom. inval.

- Cymatopleura solea var. [subconstricta] f. major O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23. 1904, nom. inval.

- Cymatopleura solea var. [subconstricta] f. minor O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23. 1904, nom. inval.

- Cymatopleura solea var. [subconstricta] f. minor O. Müll. in A.W.F.Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 245: fig. 3. 1904, nom. inval.

Surirella distinguenda Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 283: fig. 5. 1912.

Lectotype

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 218/56.

“Togo, Westafrika 1912, Lagunenschlick”.

Surirella fasiculata O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 36, pl. 1: fig. 14. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). [icon] Müller (1903): pl. 1: fig. 14 “Lake Nogzi, a brackish water lake in the crater of the mountain Nogzi on the northern edge of Kondeland, at 2000 m asl, Tanzania”.

Epitype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). B 40 0040234 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040234] (the valve representing the epitype was illustrated as fig. 4 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c) “basin near the hot spring of Utengule, Beya Mountain (Tanzania)”.

Surirella laticeps (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Cymatopleura solea var. laticeps O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 22-23, fig. 2. 1904.

≡ Cymatopleura laticeps (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147 (3): 418. 2014.

Lectotype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). B 40 0040251 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040251] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 5 B in Cocquyt and Jahn (2014) “‘Nyassaland’, Tanzania, Lake Malawi near Langenburg”.

http://phycobank.org/100094

Surirella modesta Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 357: fig. 8, 9. 1925.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X2/87 Cameroon “Kamerun, Lagune”.

Surirella nyansae (G.S. West) Cocquyt & R. Jahn, comb. nov.

≡ Cymatopleura nyansae G.S. West in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 167, pl. 8: fig. 8. 1907.

Lectotype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). BM 34183 “Tanganyika – In plankton, near Kala (19 Nov. 1904; no. 170).”

http://phycobank.org/100095

Surirella olungensis Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Cryptog. Algol. 28: 111, figs 7–12, 18–21. 2007.

Holotype

B 40 0040232 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040232] (the valve representing the holotype is illustrated as fig. 7 in Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c) “Olunga River (Ohmga) in Ussangu northern Mount Kinga, Tanzania (sample B 52 0000058 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B520000058])”.

Surirella ostentata Cholnoky in Hydrobiologia 19: 106, 1962.

≡ Surirella ovata var. africana Cholnoky in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 68: 21–22, fig. 46. 1955.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NIWR 191/3802 “Bewässerungskanal bei Vredendal near Olifantsriver”, leg. A.H.P. Engelbrecht.

http://phycobank.org/100096

Surirella ovalis var. apiculata O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 36, pl. 2: fig. 10. 1903.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). [icon] Müller (1903): pl. 2: fig. 10 “basin near the hot spring at Utengule, Tanzania”.

= Surirella ovalis [var. apiculata] f. minor O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 36, pl. 2: fig. 11. 1903.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2007c). [icon] Müller (1903): pl. 2: fig. 11 “Lake Rukwa”.

Surirella pseudotenuis Cholnoky in Portugaliae Acta Biol. Sér. B. 4: 226, fig. 120, 1954.

Lectotype

(designated by Cocquyt et al. 2017). UNWH NWU 07–138 “Moss growing on rocks at edge of stram in full sunshine in gully South of road to Vumba, Umtali – 27.7.1952” leg. N.C. Chase.

http://phycobank.org/100097

Surirella rudis Hust. in Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 15: 505. 1938.

Lectotype

(cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/3 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See”.

- Surirella rudis Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: fig. 5, 6. 1922, nom. inval.

Surirella sparsipunctata Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2): 516, fig. 631. 1942.

Lectotype

(cited as holotype but designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/30 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee. 3rd Tang. Exp., G.S. West”.

- Surirella sparsipunctata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 309: fig. 15. 1914, nom. inval.

= Surirella sparsipuncata var. laevis Hust. in Huber-Pestalozzi, Phytoplankt. Süsswass. vol. 2 (2), 517, fig. 631A. 1942.

Lectotype (designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM X4/34 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganikasee 6”.

Comment

For taxonomical results and discussion see Cocquyt and Vyverman (1993).

Surirella striolata Hust. in Arch. Hydrobiol. 18: 249. 1927.

Lectotype

(designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 224/92 Lake Tanganyika “Tanganyika See. Grund. 6, 2”.

- Surirella striolata Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 356: fig. 7. 1922, nom. inval.

Surirella subrugosa Cocquyt & R. Jahn, nom. nov.

≡ Cymatopleura solea var. rugosa O. Müll. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 23, fig. 3. 1904.

≡ Cymatopleura rugosa (O. Müll.) Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147 (3): 416. 2014.

Lectotype

(designated in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014). B 40 0040252 [http://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/B400040252] (the valve representing the lectotype was published as fig. 3D–E in Cocquyt and Jahn 2014) “Malawi, Lake Malombe, after discharge of Lake Malawi”.

http://phycobank.org/100098

Nomenclatural comment

The new epithet was chosen because of Surirella rugosa Bramb. & P.B. Ham.

Unrevisable and unrevised taxa

Surirella acanthophora Giffen in Beih. Nova Hedwigia 21: 145, pl. 4: figs 92–95. 1966.

Holotype. Giffen collection 30/6 “Fort Hare, Cape Province” South Africa.

Surirella asperrima f. rokuprensis Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. N. S. 5: 144, fig. 4. 1960, nom. inval.

Locality. “Sierra Leone, Rokupr” (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Surirella capensis Ehrenb. ex Cocquyt & R. Jahn in Cryptog. Algol. 26: 150. 2005.

Lectotype (designated by Cocquyt and Jahn 2005b). BHUPM 130715 b “Lacus in monte Camdebo Graaf Reinet proximo, Provincia Capensis, Africa Meridionalis”.

- Surirella capensis Ehrenb., Mikrogeologie 245, 254. 1854, nom. inval.

Taxonomical comment. Species closely related to Surirella sparsipuncatata and Iconella anassae. Further studies are needed, including SEM to evaluate its taxonomic position, which is only possible if material from the type locality can be obtained; otherwise unrevisible.

Surirella cuspidata f. constricta Hust. in Explor. Parc Natl. Albert. Mission H. Damas 8: 155, pl. 15: fig. 11. 1949.

Lectotype (cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 244/34a DR Congo “Belg. Kongo. 39. Karisimbi-See. +3800 m”.

Comment. Sampling site is located very probably on the Rwandan side of the border with DR Congo.

Taxonomic comment: S. cuspidata Hust. in Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 42: 156, figs 391–393. 1942, described from Indonesia was transferred to Stenopterobia cuspidata (Hust.) Vyverman in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belgique 122: 74. 1989. Further studies are needed to evaluate Hustedt’s forma and its taxonomic position.

Surirella engleri f. densecostata R. Maillard in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. [Paris], Bot. 30: 39, 43 Pl. 3: fig. 1. 1977, nom. inval.

Localities. Mali “Congo et Mozambique” (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Surirella engleri f. sierra-leonensis Woodhead & Tweed in Hydrobiologia 12: 202. 1958, nom. inval.

Locality. Sierra Leone: R. Makoke at Maranda (see Cocquyt et al. 2013).

Surirella fuellebornii var. worthingtonii H.Bachm. in Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 42: 707, 709, pl. 26: fig. 7, 8. 1933.

Locality. Lake Victoria “Victoria Nyanza”.

Surirella gracilis var. africana Cholnoky in Hydrobiologia 7: 184, fig. 82, 83. 1955.

Syntype localities. Rayton-vlei 30 km E of Pretoria, South Africa, “Tümpelchen“ and “Bächlein” leg. Cholnoky.

Surirella gracilis f. constricta Cholnoky in Hydrobiologia 7: 184. 1955.

Type indicated. 10–12 km N of Rayton, 30–35 km NE of Pretoria, South Africa “Leeufonstein Quellen”

Surirella ignota Cholnoky in Nova Hedwigia 2: 118, figs 342, 343. 1960.

Type indicated. “Port Shepstone 362, Kleiner, sickernder Seitenbach des Unzimkulwana-Flusses nahe dem Paddock-Eingange im Oribi Gorge. 22.7.1958.”

Surirella pseudospinifera Iltis in Rev. Algol. 10 (4): 334. 1972, nom. inval.

- Surirella acanthophora Iltis in Rev. Algol. 10 (2) 174, figs 10–12, pl. 2: fig. 3, 4. 1971, nom. inval. et nom. illeg. [non Giffen 1966].

Localities. Chad, Mali “Mare du 3e barrage à Bol. 13°30'N, 14°43'30"E. Puits près de la mare de Latir. 13°36'N, 14°44'E” (Two localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Surirella pseudospinifera Iltis was the intended substitute name for Surirella acanthophora Iltis [non Giffen 1966] but based on an invald name (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Stenopterobia recta Woodhead & Tweed in Hydrobiologia 12: 202, fig. 72. 1958.

Locality. Sierrra Leone, Lake Sofon.

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Surirella rokuprensis Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. 5: 145, fig. 5. 1960, nom. inval.

Locality. “Sierra Leone, Rokupr” (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Surirella rudis var. sierra-leonensis Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. 5: 146, fig. 9. 1960

Type. Mambolo (2352).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Surirella rudis [var. sierra-leonensis] f. constricta Woodhead & Tweed in Rev. Algol. 5: 146, fig. 7. 1960, nom. inval.

Locality. Sierra-Leone (Several localities are cited but no type is indicated McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 40.1).

Comment. Taxon unrevisable according to Cocquyt et al. (2013).

Surirella scutum Reichelt in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 295: fig. 4. 1913, nom. inval.

Locality. Kalahari.

Comment. Type and description of the depicted species are missing.

Surirella subrobusta Hust. in A.W.F. Schmidt, Atlas Diatom.-Kunde, pl. 353: fig. 1. 1922.

Lectotype (cited as holotype but in fact designated by Simonsen 1987). BRM 4/59 “Lafirio-Fluß. Deutsch-O-Afrika” (Simonsen 1987).

Comment. Description in the caption of the plate.

Surirella schweickerdtii Cholnoky in Bot. Not. 1954: 290, figs 95, 96. 1954.

≡ Stenopterobia schweickerdtii (Cholnoky) Brassac, T.Ludwig & Torgan in Diatom Research 18: 186. 2003.

Locality. “Moosrasen auf einer kleinen Insel zwischen Gras. Debegeni” South Africa.

Surirella taiaensis J.R. Carter & Denny, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 73: 325, pl. 8: fig. 274. 1982.

Holotype. BM 78108 “Sierra Leone, River Jong (Taia) at Njala”.

Surirella tenera var. minor Cholnoky in Portugaliae Acta Biol. Sér. B, 6: 140 fig. 168. 1958.

Holotype. FR 118 “In rivulo apud Modderpoort prope oppidum Nylstroom (Transvaal)”.

Surirella welshii Cholnoky 1962 in Hydrobiologia 20: 337, fig. 45. 1962.

Type indicated. “Unnamed mountain stream between Piggs Peak and Mbabane, 3.7.1961, leg. H. Welsh”, “Swaziland”.

Conclusion

55 taxa – formerly ranked within Surirella - have been transferred to Iconella; most of these have been shown to be endemic (Ross 1983, Cocquyt et al. 1993, Cocquyt and Vyverman 1994, Cocquyt 1998, 2000,) and many of them, especially the large species, have become planktonic in the East African great lakes (Müller 1905, Hustedt in Huber-Pestalozzi 1942, Cocquyt 1998). In addition, two taxa – formerly ranked within Stenopterobia – have been transferred to Iconella. 10 taxa have stayed within Surirella, (although the position of S. sparsipunctata has to be genetically verified), and six taxa have been transferred from Cymatopleura to Surirella. For completeness sake, 21 taxa have been listed which are either unrevised or unrevisable because missing morphological data do not allow us to decide if the raphe is raised on a keel.

When more taxa from the genera Iconella and Surirella have been studied molecularly, especially the endemic species from Africa and other tropical regions, further autapomorphies might be discovered which might support the differentiation into further groups. With the currently available data, the solution by Ruck et al (2016a, b) clarifies their phylogeny and presents a very workable approach.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Ingrid Jüttner (Cardiff, United Kingdom) and Jonathan C. Taylor (Potchefstroom and Grahamstown, South Africa) for contributing to the respective new combinations. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Andrew Mellon Foundation for funding the “Pilot project on the digitization of African micro–algae types and typical specimens: the diatom family Surirellaceae”, and the EU project SYNTHESYS for financial support to CC for two research award at the BGBM in 2005 and 2015. Marco Cantonati supplied us with a missing reference, and RJ and WHK wish to thank Dr. David Lazarus for providing access to the Ehrenberg Collection (BHUPM). Additionally, they acknowledge DFG Grant JA 874/8-1 for Names Registration PhycoBank.

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