Piper motuoense, a new species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China

Fan Su; Xiao-Wei Qin; Rui Fan; Lin Yan; Xun-Zhi Ji; Chao-Yun Hao

doi:10.3897/phytokeys.238.115494

Abstract

Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, a new species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. The new species resembles P. yinkiangense and P. anisotis, but it can be readily distinguished from the compared species by several characteristics. Gonophyll leaves are chartaceous and the leaf secondary vein count is 7–9, with the outermost pair being very weak when there are nine veins. Additionally, the apical pair arises 2–4 cm above the base and the leaf base is asymmetrical, with bilateral petioles that cling and heal together. Pistillate floral bracts are sessile, with 3, 4 or 5 stigmas. The description of the new species includes photographs, detailed descriptions, notes on etymology, distribution and habitat, as well as comparisons with morphologically similar species.

Key words

Asia, Paleotropical flora, Piperales, Sino-Himalaya, taxonomy

Introduction

Piper L. is the nominate genus of Piperaceae and one of the most diverse lineages amongst basal angiosperms (Tebbs 1993; Soltis et al. 1999). This genus was established, based on the species P. nigrum L. from India (Sen and Rengaian 2022). The genus is considered to comprise approximately 2,000 species, mainly distributed in the Tropics (Gentry 1982; Kubitzki et al. 1993; Marquis 2004; Quijano-Abril et al. 2014; Jaramillo et al. 2023; Suwanphakdee et al. 2023). Distinctive characteristics of Piper include swollen stem nodes and minute, usually unisexual flowers compacted together on a fleshy rachis in Asian Piper species. Its flowers lack perianth and consist only of the staminate and pistillate reproductive parts, which are subtended by 1–3 floral bracts. The number of stamens varies from 3–12 (Suwanphakdee and Chantaranothai 2014). The anther is distinguished by 2–4 thecae, with longitudinal or transverse dehiscence. Asian taxa of Piper have been studied in numerous publications and are currently estimated to consist of over 600 species (Wallich 1824–1849; Blume 1826; Hooker 1886; De Candolle 1910, 1912, 1923; Ridley 1924; Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink 1963; Long 1984; Huber 1987; Gardner 2006; Suwanphakdee et al. 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2014; Asmarayani 2018).

Up to the present, more than 60 species have been recorded in China, half of which are endemic (Gilbert and Xia 1999; Cheng et al. 1999; Gajurel et al. 2001; Hao et al. 2012, 2015, 2017, 2020; Yang et al. 2017; Su et al. 2022) . Some species are economically important. A typical example is P. nigrum L. (Linnaeus 1753), which is the source of black pepper, the world’s most widely used spice (Takooree et al. 2019). A few other species, such P. betle L., P. cubeba L.f., P. longum L., P. magen B.Q.Cheng ex C.L.Long & Jun Yang bis and P. pedicellatum C.DC., are used locally as condiments or medicine (Yang et al. 2017; Salehi et al. 2019) .

Through two field investigations over an interval of three years in Motuo County, Xizang, China, specimens of a dioecious plant were found and collected. Based on a detailed examination of the morphological characteristics of this plant and its possible relatives (Tseng 1979; Cheng et al. 1999; Gilbert and Xia 1999; Suwanphakdee and Chantaranothai 2011; Suwanphakdee and Chantaranothai 2014; Su et al. 2022; Hao et al. 2012, 2015, 2017, 2020; Junior and Guimaraes 2015; Mathew et al. 2016; Mukherjee 2016, 2018, 2020), we concluded that it did not match morphologically with any of the existing species. It exhibits trophophyll blades with an auriculate-cordate and asymmetrical base, with base bilaterally clung to the petiole and overlap together, leaf-blades abaxially densely villous, especially along the mid-vein and flowers with a single stamen. Due to these distinctive morphological features, we confirm that it is a new species, which we describe and illustrate here as Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao.

Material and methods

Morphological studies of the new species were conducted, based on the type specimens deposited in the Herbarium IBSC and the living plants cultivated in the Spice and Beverage Research Institute, CATAS. All available specimens of Piper stored in the Herbaria of AU, BM, E, G, HITBC, IBK, IBSC, K, KUN, PE and WU were examined using online specimen images via the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH, https://www.cvh.ac.cn/index.php) and JSTOR (https://plants.jstor.org). Measurements of morphological characters were taken from living plants and photographs were captured using a Nikon Z7 digital camera (Tokyo, Japan) and Dino-Lite digital microscope (Taiwan, China). Morphological comparison with closely-related species was made by consulting published literature.

Taxonomy

Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, sp. nov.

urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77335908-1

Figs 1, 2

Diagnosis

The new species is morphologically similar to P. yinkiangense, but can be easily distinguished from the latter in several aspects. The leaf-blades 12.5–18 × 3.5–6.5 cm, elliptic or ovate to lanceolate (vs. 11–14 × 6.5–8.5 cm, oblique-ovate), chartaceous (vs. membranous), abaxially sparsely villous along the mid-vein (vs. abaxially sparsely hispidulous), gonophyll leaves 7–9 secondary vein pairs, the outer pair arising 2–4 cm above base (vs. 8–9, outer pair arising 1–2 cm above base), base bilaterally clinging to the petiole and overlap together (vs. basal sinus 1–2 mm wide on side of longer and wider lobe, 4–5 mm wide on other side, bilaterally free for 2–3 mm), floral bracts sessile (vs. petiolate) and stigmas 3, 4 or 5 (vs. 4). P. motuoense also resembles P. anisotis in the shape of leaves and fruit, but differs from the latter in the leaves vein 7–9 (vs. 5–7), leave base bilateral clinging to petiole and overlap together (vs. bilateral free for 1–2 mm) (Table 1).

Table 1.

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Morphological comparison of key characteristics in P. motuoense, P. yinkiangense and P. anisotis.

Characters		P. motuoense	P. yinkiangense	P. anisotis
Stem		Densely villous when young, glabrous when mature	Densely villous	Densely short tomentose
Gonophyll leaves	petiole	2.5–3 cm long	Ca. 2 mm long	Ca. 3 mm long
	blade	12.5–18 × 3.5–6.5 cm, elliptic or ovate to lanceolate, chartaceous, abaxially densely villous, especially along the veins, adaxially sparsely villous along the mid-vein	11–14 × 6.5–8.5 cm, oblique–ovate, membranous, abaxially densely pubescent, usually along veins, adaxial sparsely hispidulous	7.5–13 × 2.5–5 cm, oblique-oblong, membranaceous, abaxially densely villous, especially along the veins, adaxially densely hispidulous
	base	Auriculate-cordate, bilaterally clinging to leaves petiole and overlap together	Obliquely auriculate-cordate, basal sinus 1–2 mm wide on side of longer and wider lobe, 4–5 mm wide on other side, bilateral difference to 2–3 mm	Unequal-sided and more cordate, basal sinus 1–2 mm wide on side of longer and wider lobe, 3–4 mm wide on other side, bilateral difference to 1–2 mm
	secondaryveins	7–9, when 9 veins, the outermost pair is very weak, apical pair arising 2–4 cm above base	8–9, apical pair arising 1–2 cm above base	5–7, apical pair arising 1.3–2.5 cm above base
Pistillate spikes	spikes	4–5 × 0.5–0.7 cm	3 × 0.4 cm	1.5–3 × 0.4–0.6 cm
	peduncles	2–3 cm long, slightly shorter than spike	2.5 cm long, equal to or longer than spike	2 cm long, equal to or longer than spike
	floral bracts	suborbicular, sessile	suborbicular, short-pedicellate	suborbicular, short-pedicellate
	stigmas	3–4–5, 0.8–1 mm long	4, ca. 1 mm or longer	4, ca. 1 mm or longer
Fruit		3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm	Ca. 3 mm in diam.	Ca. 3 mm in diam.

Figure 1.

Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, sp. nov. A habit B branch with infructescence C branch with staminate spike D branch with trophophyll leaf E adaxial and abaxial surface of gonophyll leaf F adaxial and abaxial surface of gonophyll leaf base G detail of the indument along the mid-vein of the gonophyll leaf adaxial and abaxial surface H pistillate spike I staminate spike J infructescence K close-up of portion of the staminate spike L close-up of portion of the infructescence M cross-section of infructescence N seed (side view). Photographs by Fan Su.

Type

China. (Xizang): Linzhi, Motuo City, Beibeng, climbing on the taller trees in tropical rainforest, 29°10′48″N, 95°00′06″E, elevation ca. 490 m, 3 Oct. 2021, Xiao-Wei Qin et al. 20211003, 20231016 (Holotype: IBSC0918558; Isotype: IBSC0918559, IBSC0918560, IBSC0918561).

Figure 2.

Line drawing of Piper motuoense X.W. Qin, F. Su & C.Y. Hao A branch with infructescence B branch with staminate spike C magnified view of pistillate spike D magnified view of staminate spike E magnified view of infructescence F detail of the indument along the secondary nerves of the abaxial leaf surface G adaxial surface of gonophyll leaf H adaxial surface of gonophyll leaf base I abaxial surface of gonophyll leaf J abaxial surface of gonophyll leaf base K cross-section of infructescence L stamen M carpel N seed. Illustration by Fan Su, based on the holotype.

Description

Lianas over 5 m long, with climbing adventitious roots, dioecious, perennial, densely villous when young, becoming glabrous when mature. Roots dimorphic; basal roots terrestrial, feeding; adventitious roots produced along the aerial nodes, clasping the phorophyte. Stems climbing upwards, internodes terete, striated, with red stripes when they are young, swollen nodes. Leaves dimorphic, distichously-alternate, petiolate, blades chartaceous, glandular. Trophophyll leaves with petiole 2.5–3 cm long, cylinder-shaped in cross-section, red, pubescence; leaf-blades 7–9 × 5–6 cm, cordate to elliptic, adaxially dark green, glabrous, abaxially surface pale green, sparsely villous, especially along the veins, base usually cordate, symmetric, apex short-acuminate to long-acuminate; mid-vein red, 5–7 pairs, red, all basal, when 7, the outermost pair inconspicuous. Gonophyll leaves with petiole 0.3–0.4 cm long, cylinder-shaped in cross-section, pale green, densely pubescence; leaf-blades 12.5–18 × 3.5–6.5 cm, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate; 7–9 pairs of secondary veins; when 9 veins, the outermost pair is very weak; apical pair 2–4 cm above base, reaching leaf apex, alternate, others basal, reticulate veins prominent; adaxial surface dark green, glabrous or sparsely villous on the mid-vein, abaxial surface pale green, densely villous, especially on the veins; base auriculate-cordate, asymmetrical, bilateral clinging to leaves petiole and healing together, apex long acuminate. Inflorescence a pedunculate spike, leaf-opposed, pendulous; peduncle flexible, cylindrical; spadix cylindrical, the fertile rachis hairy, with densely compacted flowers; floral bracts sessile, imbricate, ca. 1 mm in diam., orbicular or suborbicular, piligerous, margin irregular, undulate. Staminate inflorescences 5.5–8 cm long, peduncles 3–4 cm long, villous; spike 2.5–4 × 0.5–0.7 cm, villous, pale green when young, pale yellow to white when mature; stamens 1, filaments 0.6–1 mm long, stout, hyaline, anthers 0.4–0.7 × 0.2–0.5 mm, 2-thecous, reniform, white before dehiscence, black after dehiscence, dehiscence lateral. Pistillate inflorescences 6–8 cm long, peduncles 2–3 cm long, piliferous; spike 4–5 × 0.5–0.7 cm, pale green when young, pale yellow to white when mature; ovary 1.6–2 × 1.4–1.8 mm, sessile, free from the neighbouring ones, obovoid, green, style 1–1.2 mm long, stigmas 3–5, 0.8–1 mm long, filiform, reflexed, cream-coloured at anthesis, becoming tan to light grey post-anthesis. Infructescence leaf-opposed, 5–7 × 1–1.2 cm; cylindrical; with densely compacted fruits; pendulous, cylindrical, piliferous. Drupes 3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm, sessile, free from the neighbouring ones, subglobose, remaining attached to rachis at maturity, piligerous, persistent style 0.3–0.5 mm long, cylindrical; epicarp green, mesocarp pale green, translucent, endocarp dark yellow. Seeds 1–1.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, obovoid, ochre to dark yellow, testa smooth.

Phenology

Flowering from June to October; fruiting from September to November.

Etymology

The specific epithet refers to its distribution, Motuo County, Xizang, in China.

Vernacular name

Chinese: 墨脱胡椒 (mò tuō hú jiāo). ‘Mò Tuō’ is a place name, which is the literal translation of the specific epithet motuoense and ‘hú jiāo’ is the Chinese name of Piper.

Habitat and distribution

The new species is currently known only from its type locality in Beibeng Town, Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region (Fig. 3). The new species grows very well in the type locality, as it has been recorded in three different sites (Beibeng, Damu and Tiger’s Mouth). It occurs in wet tropical rainforest at elevations of 490–1700 m and often climbs on taller trees or rocks.

Figure 3.

The geographical distribution of P. motuoense sp. nov., P. yinkiangense and P. anisotis.

Comments

P. motuoense was initially misidentified as P. anisotis from India, and Motuo is close to Assam in India. After examination of material of P. anisotis we found that the new species differs in a number of characters. We also compared it with P. yinkiangense. The differences amongst these three species are summarised in Table 1.

Acknowledgements

We thank Marco Pellegrini, M. Alejandra Jaramillo and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Collection, preservation, identification and evaluation of tropical crop germplasm resources in remote tropical area (NONYNCBKFSXM2023-2025), species and variety resources of conservation (102125171630140009003) and the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (323QN274, 321QN326).

Author contributions

Data curation: XZJ. Formal analysis: RF. Investigation: XWQ, FS, LY, XZJ. Writing – original draft: FS, XWQ, CYH. Writing – review and editing: CYH, FS.

Author ORCIDs

Fan Su https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-6133

Xiao-Wei Qin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4930-0632

Xun-Zhi Ji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-9145

Chao-Yun Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-852X

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

References

Asmarayani R (2018) Phylogenetic relationships in Malesian-Pacific Piper (Piperaceae) and their implications for systematics. Taxon 67(4): 693–724. https://doi.org/10.12705/674.2

Backer CA, Bakhuizen van den Brink RC (1963) Flora of Java (Spermatophytes Only), Vol. 1 (Gymnospermae, families 1–7, Angiospermae, families 8–110). P. Noordhoff N.V., Groningen, 648.

Blume CL (1826) Monographie der Oost-Indische Pepersooten, Vol. 11. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, Bataviaasch, 139–245. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51135

Cheng YQ, Xia NH, Gilbert MG (1999) Piperaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 110–131.

De Candolle C (1910) Piperaceae. In: Lecomte H (Ed.) Flore Générale de l’Indo-Chine Vol. 5. Masson et Cie, Paris, 62–92.

De Candolle C (1912) Piperaceae novae e Peninsula Malayana. Records of the Botanical Survey of India 6(1): 1–27.

De Candolle C (1923) Piperacearum clavis analytica. Candollea 1: 286–415. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15548

Gajurel PR, Rethy P, Kumar Y (2001) A new species of Piper (Piperaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, north-eastern India. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 137(4): 417–419. https://doi.org/10.1006/bojl.2001.0486

Gardner RO (2006) Piper (Piperaceae) in the Philippine islands: The climbing species. Blumea 51(3): 569–586. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651906X622139

Gentry AH (1982) Phytogeographic patterns as evidence for a Chocó refuge. In: Prance GT (Ed.) Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia University Press, New York, 121 pp.

Gilbert M, Xia NH (1999) Notes on the Piperaceae of China. Novon 9(2): 190–198. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391797

Hao CY, Tan LH, Fan R, Yu H, Yang JF, Wu HS (2012) Floristic geography of Piper (Piperaceae) in China. Zhiwu Fenlei Yu Ziyuan Xuebao 34(5): 421–429. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1143.2012.12040

Hao CY, Tan YH, Hu LS, Tan LH, Chen HP, Qin XW, Wu G, Wu HS (2015) Piper peltatifolium, a new species of Piperaceae from Hainan, China. Phytotaxa 236(3): 291–295. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.3.12

Hao CY, Qin XW, Tan LH, Hu LS, Wu G, Luo S-X, Deng H-Y, Tan Y-H (2017) Piper jianfenglingense, a new species of Piperaceae from Hainan Island, China. Phytotaxa 331(1): 109–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.331.1.9

Hao CY, Wu BD, Qin XW, Wu G, Deng HY, Tan YH (2020) Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species from China: Piper semi-transparens (Piperaceae). Phytotaxa 429(3): 191–199. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.3.1

Hooker JD (1886) Piperaceae. In: Hooker JD (Ed.) Flora of British India, L. Reeve & Co. , London, 5(13): 87.

Huber H (1987) Piperaceae. In: Dassanayake MD (Ed.) A revised handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Vol. 6. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 272–300.

Jaramillo MA, Rodríguez-Duque D, Escobar-Alba M (2023) A new species of Piper (Piperaceae) with peltate leaves from Serranía de las Quinchas, Colombia. PhytoKeys 227: 9–24. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.227.101405

Junior VBS, Guimaraes EF (2015) Piper delirioi (Piperaceae), a new species from southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 201(4): 286–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.4.5

Kubitzki K, Rohwer JG, Brittrich V (1993) The families and genera of vascular plants. II. Flowering plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid families. Springer, Berlin, 144. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5

Linnaeus C (1753) Species Plantarum, Vol. 1. Holmiae. Impensis Laurentii Salvii 28. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669

Long DG (1984) Piperaceae. In: Grieson AJC, Long DG (Eds) Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 1, Pt. 2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 342–351.

Marquis RJ (2004) Biogeography of Neotropical Piper. In: Dyer LA, Palmer ADN (Eds) Piper: A model genus for studies of phytochemistry, ecology, and evolution. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30599-8_5

Mathew J, George KV, Yohannan R (2016) Piper rukshagandhum (Piperaceae): A new species from southern Western Ghats, India. Telopea 19: 23–29. https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea8863

Mathew J, Jose S, Yohannan R, George KV (2017) Three New Species of Piper (Piperaceae) from the Southern Western Ghats, India. Annales Botanici Fennici 54(4–6): 267–272. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.054.0609

Mukherjee PK (2016) Nomenclatural notes on Piper Linn. (Piperaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 289(2): 188–192. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.2.9

Mukherjee PK (2018) Nomenclatural notes on Piper Linn. (Piperaceae) from India II. Phytotaxa 338(1): 17–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.2

Mukherjee PK (2020) Nomenclatural notes on Piper (Piperaceae) from India III. Phytotaxa 441(3): 263–273. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.3

Quijano-Abril MA, Gregorio Mejia-Franco F, Callejas-Posada R (2014) Panbiogeographic analysis of Enckea (Piperaceae), a small dry forest clade in the phylogeny of a big rainforest genus. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85(1): 98–107. https://doi.org/10.7550/rmb.37002

Ridley HN (1924) The flora of the Malay Peninsula, Vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London, 25–51.

Salehi B, Zakaria ZA, Gyawali R, Ibrahim SA, Rajkovic J, Shinwari ZK, Khan T, Sharifi-Rad J, Ozleyen A, Turkdonmez E, Valussi M, Tumer TB, Fidalgo LM, Martorell M, Setzer WN (2019) Piper Species: A comprehensive review on their phytochemistry, biological activities and applications. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 24(7): 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071364

Sen S, Rengaian G (2022) A eeview on the ecology, evolution and conservation of Piper (Piperaceae) in India: Future Directions and Opportunities. Botanical Review 88(3): 333–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-021-09269-9

Soltis PA, Soltis DE, Chase MW (1999) Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from multiple genes as a tool for comparative biology. Nature 402(6760): 402–404. https://doi.org/10.1038/46528

Su F, Ji XZ, Wu BD, Qin XW, Hao CY (2022) Piper puerense, a new species of Piperaceae from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 575(2): 159–165. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.575.2.5

Suwanphakdee C, Masuthon S, Chantaranothai P, Chayamarit K, Chansuvanich N (2006) Notes on the genus Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 34: 206–214.

Suwanphakdee C, Chantaranothai P (2008) A further note on the genus Piper L. (Piperaceae) from Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 8(2): 205–209.

Suwanphakdee C, Chantaranothai P (2011) A new species and three taxonomic changes in Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 56(3): 235–239. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911X607338

Suwanphakdee C, Simpson DA, Chantaranothai P (2012) Three new species of Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin. Botany 40: 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps040163

Suwanphakdee C, Chantaranothai P (2014) Two new species of Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand. Novon 23(2): 230–235. https://doi.org/10.3417/2011069

Suwanphakdee C, Karapan S, Banchong Y, Hodkinson TR (2023) Three new species, two new records and additional taxonomic notes of Piper (Piperaceae) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 2023(11): e04099. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.04099

Takooree H, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Venugopala KN, Jeewon R, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF (2019) A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): from folk uses to pharmacological applications. Critical Reviews in Food Science And Nutrition 59(sup1): S210–S243. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1565489

Tebbs MC (1993) Piperaceae. In: Kubitzki K, Rohwer JG, Bittrich V (Eds) The families and genera of vascular plants. II. Flowering plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid families. Springer, Berlin, 516–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_60

Tseng YQ (1979) Materials for Chinese Piper. Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao 71(1): 24–41.

Wallich N (1828–1849) A numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the East India Company’s Museum. Collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1917

Yang J, Wang YH, Luo JF, Long CL (2017) Piper magen (Piperaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 316(2): 189–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.2.8

﻿Abstract