Typification of species names in Adenocaulon and Eriachaenium (Compositae/Asteraceae, Subfamily Mutisioideae, Tribe Mutisieae, Subtribe Adenocaulinae)

Abstract During the course of a recent research project on Adenocaulon and Eriachaenium it became apparent that some of the species names had not been typified. In this study we located and designated as much type material as possible for these two genera. We indicate holotypes or lectotypes where appropriate, including one for the type of the genus Adenocaulon.


Introduction
In the process of preparing a manuscript on the phylogenetic placement of Eriachaenium Sch. Bip. and Adenocaulon Hook. (Funk et al. 2016) it became obvious that many names remained untypifi ed. Th ese two genera have interesting morphologies and distributions but until recently their affi nities had never been fully understood (Funk et al. 2016) and the location of the types was not fully resolved. Tracking down the type material required assistance from herbaria in Argentina, Chile, Europe, the UK, and USA (see acknowledgements). We found as much type material as possible and when necessary we provide lectotypifi cations. No doubt there are isotypes and isolectotypes that we have not located but these should be easier to fi nd with the information we have provided (see Appendix).
Th e species of Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon are listed below along with their Type citations [! indicates that the specimen was seen by one of the authors and * indicates that it was seen on-line at either JSTOR-GP (continuously updated), the P website (Paris-MNHN, continuously updated), the Virtual Herbaria (continuously updated) or in some cases curators of herbaria sent photos of newly discovered type material. Th is newly discovered material should be available on JSTOR-GP soon. Dates for collecting trips and potential herbaria that might contain type material were taken from TL-2 (Taxonomic Literature, Second edition) and IH II (Index Herbariorum, part II) and are cited in the text appropriately. Bittmann (1990aBittmann ( , 1990b studied the genus Adenocaulon and published a detailed study of the morphology and ecology along with a preliminary evaluation of the nomenclature including a description of a new species (Bittmann 1990a Scouler's trip to Northwest USA was in 1824-1825 (Vegter 1986) and the area between the Straits and Fort Vancouver and the Columbia River is in Washington State. Th e E specimen has "Scouler (1017)" written on it. Vegter (1986) also lists CGE as a possible location for an additional Scouler's collection but none were found (pers. comm. C. Bartram). . Th ey also said that Drummond was in North America 1825-1827 and that he made a second trip 1831-1835 but the latter trip was after the species was described. Stafl eu and Cowan (1976) report that the location of Drummond's original herbarium is unknown but indicate that BM & K have the best sets of his plants.

Adenocaulon integrifolium T. Nuttall, Transactions of the American Philosophical
Society, New  Vegter (1983)  Lessing's descriptions seem to be based on specimens that he examined at B. Th ey were most likely collected by B staff /associates or sent to B as a gift/exchange. Th e Compositae herbarium at B was destroyed during WWII (Hiepko 1987) so when duplicates can be found they are designated as lectotypes. Lessing participated in two series of papers about Compositae in the journal Linnaea. Th e title of Lessing's fi rst series of papers in Linnaea was Synanthereis Herbarii Regii Berolinensis (Lessing 1929(Lessing , 1830a(Lessing , 1830b(Lessing , 1930c. Th e second series included two papers by Lessing (1831aLessing ( , 1831b, the latter of which included the type description of A chilense. Th ese two articles were part of a larger series entitled De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffi ana observatis disserere pergunt AD. de Chamisso et D. de Schlechtendal, and although Chamisso's original collections were no doubt at LE and Schlechtendal's at HAL they both probably sent duplicates to B and it is likely that Lessing worked from the duplicate material. Interestingly the "Romanzoffi ana" treatment is part of a larger series of papers that began in volume 1 of Linnaea (Chamisso 1826). In his preface Chamisso (1826) says that the exploratory expeditions were supported by Count de Romanzoff the Imperial Chancellor in 1815, hence the name of the article. Th e preface mentions other collectors but does not mention Poeppig. Poeppig's original set is supposed to be at W (Vegter 1983) and it is likely that a duplicate was sent to B. Th ere are two collections at W (E. Vitek, pers. comm.) and one has been selected as the lectotype.
Th ere is some confusion as to the collecting number: on many specimens there are two numbers, the number of the printed labels diff ering somewhat from the "diario" numbers that are often handwritten. As a result, some records for this particular collection have the number 755 but others list 255 (likewise JSTOR-GP entries list one or the other). Some specimens clearly have both 755 & 225 printed on the labels and others do not. It is possible that the collecting number is 755 as it appears handwritten on the lectotype (and on the printed lables as "diar. 755") and other type material has 255 printed on the labels and this may be a species number. Vitek (pers. comm.) provided an example of how the collecting number might be cited and we have followed that. According to Lanjouw and Stafl eu (1957), Germain was in Chile 1854-1890 and they indicated that there may be additional specimens at BM, F, FI, P, W and Philippi types may be at BAF (no reply). Th e printed label on the Holotype has a date of 1844, the OXF sheet has the handwritten date of Oct 1840, and the K isotype has no date. TL2 Cowan 1976 andLanjouw &Stafl eu 1957) indicated that an additional specimen maybe at G-DC (not found, pers. comm. Loze). Only the K specimen has a printed label with a date and a "collecting number" so these may have been added by Kew. Since dates on these older specimens are often mixed up it seems likely that the second K specimen and the OXF specimen are isotypes.

Adenocaulon adhaerescens C.J. Maximowicz
Adenocaulon adhaerescens C.J. Maximowicz Syntype 3 was selected as the lectotype because the location, day and month are the same as those listed in the protologue. All other specimens either had no information on the actual sheet or confl icting information. Vegter (1976)