Corresponding author: Xiao-chen Li (
Academic editor: Hugo de Boer
Wang Z-w, Wang Q, Xu R-h, Zhang Y, Li X-c (2022)
The family
In September 2019, during fieldwork in Mengla County, Yunnan, an unfamiliar
Morphological characters of the new species and related ones were compared based on living plants and herbarium specimens, including the digital resource of type specimens from JSTOR Global Plants (
To resolve the phylogenetic position of the putative new species, two molecular markers ITS (ITS1–5.8S-ITS2) and
Maximum Likelihood estimation (
The combined dataset was 1934bp in total, compromising 107 accessions/107 species, with
Phylogenetic tree based on combined datasets of the nuclear ITS and plastid
China. Yunnan province, Mengla county (勐腊县) Xiangming Yi nationality township (象明彝族自治乡) Kongming Mountain (孔明山) alt.1639m,
Comparison of key features of
Taxonomic traits |
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Dorsal petal | Glabrous | midrib and tip pilose |
Pedicel | 25–27 mm long, green, glabrous. | 18–20 mm long, pink, pilose. |
Ovary hair | Trichome | Pilose |
Spur | 14–17 mm long, glabrous, rarely absent. | 8–12 mm long, pilose. |
Bracts | Glabrous | Pilose |
Lateral sepals | 2, inversely coiled, glabrous | 2–4, upper pair pilose; lower pair glabrous |
Herb annual. Stem erect, fleshy, glabrous, 12–35 cm tall. Leaves alternate, petioles 1–5 cm, leaf blade 9.5–2.5×1.6–3.5 cm, narrowly elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate or long acuminate, base cuneate, margin roughly crenate; adaxially dark green, pilose along veins, abaxially gray-green, glabrous, lateral veins 7–9 pairs. Inflorescences in upper leaf axils, 1–flowered. Pedicels green, glabrous, 2.5 –2.7 cm long. Bracts linear, persistent, 2–3 mm long. Flowers solitary, axillary, pink, or lavender, with pair of darker pink and yellow dots at the base. Lateral sepals 2, inversely coiled, glabrous, green, 2 mm long. Lower sepal funnelform, 3–4×2–3mm long, 2–3mm in depth, eaves navicular, base gradually constricted into a spur, variable, usually1.4–1.7 cm long, rarely absent, mouth oblique, ca. 5mm wide, with ca. 2 mm long narrowly triangular tip. Dorsal petal circular, pink or mauve, 5–6×4–5mm, apex acuminate, glabrous, ca. 2mm long. United lateral petals sessile, 2–lobed, 6–8mm long. Upper petal large, obovate, 6–7×2–5mm, apex often concave. Lower petal small, axe-shaped, 7–8×1–3mm, apex rounded, without auriculus at back. Stamens 5, filaments linear, subulate, pale pink, ca. 2–3mm long, distally enlarged, anthers obtuse. Ovary fusiform, 5–carpellate, purple, 2–3 mm long, dorsal suture ridges with trichome. Capsule short fusiform, 12–18mm long, 4–5 mm in diam, with trichome along ridges. Seeds obovoid, brown, ca. 2 mm long, slightly compressed, pubescent with spirally sculptured hairs.
Flowering and fruiting from October to December.
This new species was found under evergreen broad-leaved forest at an elevation of 1500–1700 m on the limestone mountain ridge, and was currently known as only one population in Mengla County, Yunnan, China. This distribution area is very close to the border with Myanmar and Laos. We assume that this species should be also distributed in Myanmar and Laos due to their similar habitat.
The specific epithet “Chenmoui” was dedicated to the famous Chinese collector and botanist, Chen Mou (陈谋) (1903–1935) who was one of the founders of the first botanical garden cataloged by the Classification System of Plants in China, and died during the collection trip through southern Yunnan, China. The Chinese name was given as “陈谋凤仙花”.
This species is currently known only from one population in the type locality. The population is located in the tourist area of Kongming Mountain, where it could be easily disturbed by human activities, such as road construction and illegal mining. The IUCN status proposed is Vulnerable(
New species of sect.
Our deepest gratitude goes to three reviewers and subject editor Hugo de Boer, for their careful work and thoughtful suggestions that have helped improve this paper substantially. We are grateful to Mr.Tian-Yi Yu for his excellent illustration in the manuscript, Mr. Xin Zhong for his sharp photo of the seed, and Mr. Zhi-jin Wu and Mr. Hong-jin Wei for their help during the fieldwork. The corresponding author is also indebted to Miss Pi for her company during the epidemic of COVID-19. This study was supported by the project of the National Wild Plant Germplasm Resource Center for Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden (ZWGX2102), the project of the Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau (G212416, G222404).
Species and sequences sampling list with Genbank accession number.
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Holotype of