Branching patterns of Polylepis: petioles remaining on the branches A P. rugulosa Moquegua, Peru F P. incana Napo, Ecuador; leaves closely clustered at the top of the branches B P. pallidistigma Puno, Peru E P. rodolfo-vasquezii Huancavelica, Peru; twisted stems and branches C P. humboldtii Chimborazo, Ecuador D P. sacra Cusco, Peru. Photographs A–D T.E. Boza E. E G. Vargas F E.G. Urquiaga F.