Fruit type in Polylepis: A P. reticulata: variable numbers and placement of flattened spines B P. pauta: with variable numbers and placement of flattened spines C P. flavipila: irregular flattened ridges with a series of spines D P. subsericans: irregular flattened ridges with a series of spines E, F P. australis: 2–3 irregular and pronounced thin wings. Photographs by T. E. Boza E.