Corresponding authors: Hang Sun (
Academic editor: Hugo de Boer
Chen J-T, Kuang T-H, Huang X-H, Zhang X-J, Sun H, Deng T (2022) Taxonomic identity of
The genus
Many species of this genus are known only from type specimens or fewer than 10 specimens. Taking
The main differences between
Our recently collected specimens of
Based on the detailed morphological comparisons of
Morphological comparisons of
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Spur | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.10 |
Inner petals | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
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Spur | 1.10 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.20 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.90 | |||||
Inner petals | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.60 | |||||
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Spur | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.20 |
Inner petals | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.93 |
The following are mainly to modify some taxonomic problems and incorrect records existing in the previous publication of
When
Both specimens of
Two paratypes were cited in the protologue (Fig.
Chao-chun Hsieh’s collection records from Shimian County in 1955, show that Hsieh and Xian-xu Kong collected together. Kong is indicated as the collector of only a few specimens, while the others are marked Hsieh. Some collections record different collectors, even on specimens that are obviously duplicates, as they bear the same collection number. There are few complete handwritten collection labels; most are printed labels with incomplete records (only “Shimian County 1955”). We were lucky to find two collection numbers close to the number of the type of
Comparisons of
Characters | |||
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Herbs, perennial, 25–45 cm tall, glabrous. | Herbs, perennial, 16–33 cm tall, glabrous. | Herbs, perennial, (12–) 16–45 cm tall, glabrous. |
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Rhizome short, with crowded thick pale bulbous (petiolar bases). | Rhizome short, with small crowded fleshy scales or pale callosities at base. | Rhizome short, with small crowded fleshy scales at base. |
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Stems few, erect, very slender, simple, with 2 leaves in upper 1/2. | Stems 1 to few, erect, slender, simple, with 1 or 2 leaves in upper 1/3–1/2 (possibly also with 1 or 2 early withering small leaves at base). | Stems usually 1 or rarely 2, erect, slender, simple or with 1 tiny flower branch from upper leaf. |
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Radical leaves early withering, few; petiole 5–9 cm, thin; blade 3–4 × 3–4 cm, thin, bi-(tri-)ternate, with long thin petiolules; leaflets obovate, 5–10 × 3–5 mm, obtuse. | Radical leaves 1 to few with thin petiole 9–12 cm; blade glaucous abaxially, biternate, ca. 3 × 3 cm; leaflets obovate, entire to shallowly 3-lobed. | Radical leaves 0 to 3 with long thin petiole 4–9 cm; blade glaucous abaxially, biternate, ca. 2.5–3 × 2.5–3 cm; leaflets obovate, entire to 3-lobed. |
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Cauline leaves shortly stalked or upper sessile, like radical leaves. | Cauline leaves shortly stalked to subsessile, ternate to biternate, 1.5–4 × 2–4 cm; petiolule of lateral primary leaflets 2–5 mm; petiolule of terminal leaflet 5–15 mm; ultimate leaflets broadly obovate, 8–15 mm, ± deeply divided into broad rounded lobes. | Cauline leaves 1–3, like radical leaves; upper leaves shortly stalked or sessile, the lowest leaf usually with long thin petiole. |
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Racemes very lax, 8–12 cm, 6–8-flowered; lowermost bract leaflike, middle and upper bracts much smaller, oblanceolate, 5–10 mm, entire. | Raceme lax, 5–7- flowered, only slightly elongating in fruit; lower bract like cauline leaf, upper progressively smaller and less divided. | Raceme lax, 4–12 cm, (2–)4–7(–9)- flowered; lower bract like upper cauline leaf, upper progressively smaller and less divided to entire. |
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Pedicel ca. 10 mm, 12–20 mm in fruit. Sepal minute. Corolla white to pale blue or pale purple. Outer petals elliptic, acute to shortly mucronate, without crest; upper petal 17–19 mm; spur straight or slightly downcurved, very narrow, ca. 10 mm; nectary ca. 1/2 as long as spur, thin; inner petals ca. 8 mm. Stigma broad, emarginate, basal lobes absent. | Pedicel thin, erect, 6–10 mm in flower, in fruit to 10–15 mm. Sepals 0.5–1 × 0.5–1 mm, large dentate. Corolla probably blue or pale purple. Outer petals subacute, without crest; upper petal 18–19 mm, spur straight or slightly downcurved, narrowly cylindric, 9–10 mm; nectary not recorded; inner petals 9–10 mm. Stigma subcuneate at base (without basal lobes) with 4 marginal apical simple papillae; geminate papillae 1 pair. | Pedicel thin, erect, usually 6–10 mm in flower, lower pedical to 20 mm. Sepal minute, 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, dentate. Corolla pale purple. Outer petals subacute to shortly mucronate, without crest; upper petal 17–20 mm, spur straight or slightly downcurved, narrowly cylindric, 9–10 mm; nectary ca. 1/2–3/5 as long as spur, thin; inner petals 8–10 mm. Stigma subcuneate at base with (8) 12 papillae. |
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Capsule 10–14 × ca. 1 mm, 8–11-seeded; style ca. 2.5 mm. Seeds in 1 row. | Capsule linear, 13–18 mm, 5–13-seeded; style ca. 2.5 mm. | Capsule linear,10–18 × ca. 1 mm, 5–13-seeded; style ca. 2.5 mm. Seeds ca. 1 mm, in 1 row. |
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Fl. and fr. May. | Fl. and fr. Jun. | Fl. and fr. May–Jun. |
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Sichuan (Luding, Ganluo). | Sichuan (Shimian). | Sichuan (Shimian, Luding, Ganluo). |
The collection date of the type of
Photographs of the types of
Herbs, perennial, (12–) 16–45 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome short, with small crowded fleshy scales at base. Stems usually 1 or rarely 2, erect, slender, simple or with 1 tiny flower branch from upper leaf. Radical leaves 0 to 3 with long thin petiole 4–9 cm; blade glaucous abaxially, biternate, ca. 2.5–3 × 2.5–3 cm; leaflets obovate, entire to 3-lobed. Cauline leaves 1–3, like radical leaves; upper leaves shortly stalked or sessile, the lowest leaf usually with long thin petiole. Raceme lax, 4–12 cm, (2–)4–7(–9)- flowered; lower bract like upper cauline leaf, upper progressively smaller and less divided to entire. Pedicel thin, erect, usually 6–10 mm in flower, lower pedical to 20 mm. Sepals minute, 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, dentate. Corolla pale purple. Outer petals subacute to shortly mucronate, without crest; upper petal 17–20 mm, spur straight or slightly downcurved, narrowly cylindric, 9–10 mm; nectary 1/2–3/5 as long as spur, thin; inner petals 8–10 mm. Stigma subcuneate at base with (8) 12 papillae. Capsule linear, 10–18 × ca. 1 mm, 5–13-seeded; style ca. 2.5 mm. Seeds ca. 1 mm, in 1 row.
Flowering and fruiting from May–June.
– China.
At present,
Distribution of
We are very grateful to Dr. Magnus Lidén (Uppsala University) for his valuable comments and manuscript revision. We thank the editor and reviewers for their helpful comments. Thanks to the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany (