Flower and fruit morphology of B. giganticaulis compared with its close species B. longifolia and B. acetosella A–H Begonia giganticaulis A staminate flowers with pinkish outer tepals B staminate flowers with white tepals C, D pistillate flower E ovary sections showing different colour F fruits on branch G, H dorsal and front views of fruits I–K B. longifolia I flowering and fruiting branch J fruits showing short horns K ovary dissection L–O B. acetosella L staminate flower M Pistillate flower N, O fruits with short horns or wings. (Photos C by Shi-Wei Guo E (left) L, M & O by Wen-Guang Wang; others by Dai-Ke Tian).