Typification of Zapałowicz’s names in Aconitum section Aconitum

Abstract Hugo Zapałowicz described and named 27 taxa in Aconitum sect. Aconitum. Their names are typified here. Two of them (Aconitum berdaui, Aconitum bucovinense) are deemed correct for currently accepted species of the Carpathians, 24 are reduced to synonymy under five taxa, and for one no original material has been located. The correct place and exact date of their publication, which differs from those usually assumed, have been ascertained by bibliographic verification and the study of archival documents.


Introduction
Th e species concepts and classifi cation in Aconitum L. sect. Aconitum, as represented in the Carpathians, were proposed and discussed by Mitka (2000Mitka ( , 2002Mitka ( , 2003, Starmühler and Mitka (2001) and Novikoff and Mitka (2011). Cytogenetic information has been added by Ilnicki and Mitka (2009). Here, we consider the type specimens of relevant names published by Hugo Zapałowicz (1852Zapałowicz ( -1917, applying the rules of the Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2011) and based on herbarium material deposited in KRAM.
To date it has been a generally accepted practice to cite all nomenclatural novelties that appear in Zapałowicz's "Conspectus fl orae Galiciae" from that Conspectus. However, we will show that, as correctly stated by Stafl eu and Cowan (1988: 521) then confi rmed by Köhler (2002), they should instead be cited from corresponding articles in "Rozprawy Wydziału Matematyczno-Przyrodniczego Akademii Umiejętności. Seria III. Dział B. Nauki biologiczne" (hereafter "Rozprawy"), which were published several months earlier than the "Conspectus". We verifi ed that information by checking the available evidence (including printers' bills) related to the publication of the "Conspectus" and "Rozprawy" issues. We found that the date of publication of the relevant portion of the "Conspectus" is 22 December 1908, whereas for the "Rozprawy" issue it is 5 May 1908. Eff ective publication of the Aconitum names in question took place on the earlier date.

Materials and methods
Eff ective and valid publication of the Aconitum names that appear in the fi rst fascicle of the "Rozprawy" (Zapałowicz 1908a) and in the second volume of the "Conspectus" (Zapałowicz 1908b) were assessed by study of the protologues. Th e corresponding herbarium material deposited in KRAM (Th iers 2011, http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/), where a full set of Zapałowicz's plant collections is deposited, has been studied. In typifying these names we followed the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (McNeill et al. 2012) and the recommendation made by McNeill (2014). In cases where a single specimen is known that was used by Zapałowicz, that particular specimen is nevertheless considered a lectotype, with the additional qualifi cation: "or perhaps holotype".
Accepted names of the taxon, determined in conformity with Mitka (2003), appear in bold italics. If diff erent from the name here typifi ed, they are added at the end of the entry [in square brackets, when they are heterotypic].

Results
In his treatment of Aconitum sect. Aconitum for the "Conspectus", Zapałowicz described and named 27 taxa: two hybrids, 9 varieties and 16 formae. Th eir names, with one exception, are typifi ed here. Two hybrids (A. berdaui, A. bucovinense) are deemed correct for currently accepted species of the Carpathians, 24 are reduced to synonymy under fi ve taxa, and for one no original material has been located.
In order to establish the eff ective date of publication of the "Przegląd" and volume 2 of "Conspectus fl orae Galiciae" in which the treatment of Aconitum is published, the fi rst author checked the available documents in the archives of the library of the Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) (1), the Academic Library of the Academy of Sciences and Letters (Polska Akademia Umiejętności PAU) (2), the Archives of the Science of the PAN and PAU (3), the Jagiellonian University Archives (4) and the Jagiellonian Library (5).
Each fascicle of the "Rozprawy" was published subsequent to a meeting of the Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of PAU. At the end of each year, the fascicles of were put together and issued as an annual volume ("Przegląd") with its own title page and table of contents. Unfortunately wrappers mostly removed front pages and tables of content from individual fascicles. In the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow (ID number 28061 III) we found a single vol. 48 of the "Rozprawy" fasicles with the original front and back wrapper sheets of the fascicles have been preserved. Th ree "Rozprawy" fascicles were published in 1908. Th e fi rst, with seven articles, includes parts XII and XIII of the "Przegląd"; the second contains nine articles and the third and last, six. Part XII of the "Przegląd" was presented to the Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at its meeting on 2 March 1908; the minutes of the meeting on 4 May 1908 state that part XIII was approved and sent to the printers. On the following day (5 May) the Jagiellonian University Printing House billed PAU for the fi rst fascicle of the "Rozprawy", in which both parts are included. Th e bill for the second fascicle is dated 7 August 1908; that for the third fascicle, 22 December 1908. Th e word "wydrukowano" [printed] appears on all bills, so that the date of eff ective publication of parts XII and XIII of "Przegląd" may be accepted to be 5 May 1908. Th e Jagiellonian Printing House billed PAU for volume 2 of the "Conspectus" on 22 December 1908. Eff ective publication of the Aconitum names in question took place on the earlier date.