Academic editor: L. Peruzzi
Xia M, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen D, Shi Y, Bai Z, Xiao Y, Peng C, Si J, Li P, Qiu Y (2021) A new synonym of
The genus
During fieldwork in the last few years, we found several populations of a unique
Distribution map of
Lectotype of
Morphological characters of the living individuals from Mt. Emei, Sichuan Province, China were observed. In addition, 16 herbarium specimens of
In order to determine the phylogenetic status of the taxon, we sequenced three samples from Nanchuan, Chongqing Municipality, Enshi, Hubei Province and Mt. Emei, Sichuan Province, respectively (Figure
GenBank accessions of plastomes involved in this study. Samples in bold were newly sequenced in this study.
Species name | GenBank number | Length |
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|
155,188 | |
|
155,534 | |
|
155,510 | |
|
155,447 | |
|
155,436 | |
|
155,304 | |
|
155,277 | |
|
155,340 | |
|
155,470 | |
|
155,970 | |
|
155,089 | |
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155,545 | |
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155,498 | |
|
155,492 | |
|
155,760 | |
|
155,386 | |
|
155,333 | |
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|
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156,028 | |
|
155,867 | |
|
155,724 | |
|
155,694 | |
|
155,504 | |
|
155,878 | |
|
155,502 | |
|
155,363 | |
|
|
|
The sequence of 78 protein coding genes (
Morphological comparisons showed that
Comparison of morphological characters amongst
Characters |
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Rhizomes | moniliform or ginger-like, 1–4 cm thick | moniliform or ginger-like, 1–3.5 cm thick | subterete or submoniliform, 1–3 cm thick | – | – | – |
Stem | 1–3.5 m, apex subscandent | 1–3 m, apex subscandent | 1–3 m, apex subscandent | – | – | ca. 60 cm |
Phyllotaxy | whorled, 3–6 (–10) per round | whorled, 3–5 per round | whorled, 3–10 per round | – | – | whorled, 4–5 per round |
Leaf | 5–20 (–27) cm × 0.5–2.5 (–3.2) cm, linear to lanceolate, apex strongly cirrose or curved | 13–27 cm × (1.5–) 2.4–5 cm, linear to lanceolate, apex strongly cirrose or curved | 6–16 (–20) cm × 0.2–1.0 (–1.5) cm, linear to lanceolate, membranous, apex cirrose | linear to lanceolate, somewhat coriaceous | narrow linear | short lanceolate, somewhat coriaceous, 5–6 cm × 1–1.4 cm |
Inflorescence | (1–) 2–5 | (1–) 2–5 | (1–) 2–4 (–6) | 1–2 | 2–4 | 1–2 |
Peduncle | 1.7–3.5 cm | 1–4 cm | 1–2 cm | stout, strongly deflexed | 2–3 cm | decurved |
Pedicel | 0.7–1.8 cm | 0.4–1.7 cm | 0.5–1.5 cm | – | ||
Bract | subulate to lanceolate, 3–4 mm, at base of pedicel | linear, 2–5 mm, at base of pedicel | linear, 1–2 mm, on proximal part of pedicel | |||
white or pale yellowish-green | yellow or greenish-white | pink, red | white, tinged purple | white | white | |
Perianth | cylindrical campanulate | cylindrical | cylindrical–campanulate | – | – | – |
17–22 mm | 15–27 mm | 18–25 mm | – | – | 10–13 mm | |
Lobes | 5–6.5 mm | 4–6.5 mm | 3–5 mm | – | – | – |
Filament | 2–3 mm, flat | 2.5–3.5 mm, stout and no thickening | 1.7–5 mm, slender | – | – | – |
Anthers | ca. 5 mm | 2.5–5.5 mm | 4–6 mm | – | – | – |
Ovary | 5–7 mm | ca. 4 mm | 4–6 mm | – | – | – |
Style | ca. 9–12 mm | ca. 8–14 mm | (8–) 10–14 mm | – | – | – |
Fruits | berries pale yellowish-green or orange, 1–1.8 cm | berries yellow or orange with black spots, 1.4–1.8 cm | berries yellow, orange or red, 1–1.5 cm | – | – | – |
Seeds | 3–12 | 5–15 | 7–12 | – | – | – |
Distribution | Hunan, China | Southwest China | Southwest China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam | China: Sichuan, Yunnan | China: Yunnan | China: Yunnan |
Altitude | 200–700 m | 600–1200 m | 700–3600 m | – | – | – |
The length of seven plastomes ranged from 155,549 bp to 155,911 bp, the accession numbers being
Therefore, we propose that
Phylogeny of
Phylogeny of
Perennials, rhizome moniliform or ginger-like, 1−4 cm in diam. Stem straight or apex subscandent, 1−3.5 m. Leaves in whorls of 3−6 (–10), sometimes alternate or opposite near base and/or apex of stem, sessile, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 5–20 (–27) cm long, 0.5−5 cm wide, apex strongly cirrose or curved. Inflorescences (1−) 2−5 flowered; peduncle 1−4 cm long, pendulous; bracts at base of pedicel, subulate to lanceolate, 2−5 mm. Pedicel 0.4−1.8 cm. Perianth yellowish- or greenish-white, cylindrical campanulate, slightly constricted in the middle, 1.5−2.7 cm long, perianth segments 6, arranged into 2 whorls, each 3 lobes 4−6.5 mm. Stamens 6, filaments 2−3.5 mm long, stout and no thickening, anthers 2.5−5.5 mm long. Ovary superior, globose 4−7 mm in diameter. Style 8−14 mm long. Berries pale yellowish-green or orange, 1−1.8 cm in diam., 3−15 seeds.
It sprouts twice a year, in spring (March to April) and autumn (September). The spring-sprouting individual flowers from April to May and fruits from December to next February. The autumn-sprouting individual flowers from November to December.
To our knowledge, this species is widely distributed in low elevations of southwest China. Therefore, we propose to treat it as Least Concern (
China.
The authors are grateful to Lili Ying, Yan Lian (CDCM) and Jinbo Tan (SZ). This work was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture (No. KF2019-6), the Major Science and Technology Project for Selection and Breeding of New Varieties of Agriculture (Chinese medicinal materials) in Zhejiang Province (No. 2016C02058-4) and the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China “Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South-west China” (No. 2017FY100100).
Figure S1. Longitudinal section of flower of
species data