Xylopia aethiopica A base of trunk, note buttresses B leaf, lower side C leaf, upper side D monocarp longitudinally opening, note yellow aril E flowers, side view F flower with one outer petal removed, showing the base of inner petals G immature fruit. Xylopia africana H base of trunk, note the presence of stilt roots I base of leaf blade, upper side J base of leaf blade, lower side K monocarp, longitudinally splitting, note red aril L flowers M flower, side view, one outer petal removed N fruit, side view, one monocarp opened revealing seed with red aril A, D, G Couvreur 1223, Maséa, Cameroon B Couvreur 471, Lélé, Cameroon C, E, F Couvreur 543, Gabon H–J, M Couvreur 949 K Couvreur 967, Rumpi Mt, Cameroon L–N Couvreur 993, Mt Cameroon, Cameroon. Photos Thomas L.P. Couvreur.