Xylopia aethiopica A flowering branch B outer petal, inner view C inner petal, inner view D receptacle, all petals removed E stamen, front view F staminode, outer whorl G staminode, inner whorl H carpel, side view and detail of ovules I fruit, with one monocarp opening via splitting J seed, front and side views A–H from Le Testu 7960 I, J from Hallé &Le Thomas 581. Drawings by Hélène Lamourdedieu, Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; modified from Le Thomas (1969b; pl. 30, p. 167).