Biogeographical context of the study, the Pan-Himalaya A geographic location of the Pan-Himalaya (shaded with green colour) B subregions of the Pan-Himalaya (Hong 2015) 1 Vakhan 2 N Pakistan 3 Jammu and Kashmir 4 U Ganga and Indus 5 U Yarlung Zangbo 6 W Nepal 7 C Nepal 8 E Nepal 9 Sikkim and Darjiling 10 Bhutan 11 M Yarlung Zangbo 12 L Yarlung Zangbo 13 Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra 14 Tangut 15 N Hengduan 16 S Hengduan 17 U Irrawaddy.