Corresponding author: Carol A. Wilson (
Academic editor: Lorenzo Peruzzi
Wilson CA (2020) Two new species in
Taxonomic treatments of
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Based on molecular studies (
Phylogenetic tree showing resolution of
In 2003, Darrell Probst collected one of the new species,
This study was undertaken to access the status of these two new species. The first goal was to determine morphological similarities and differences among these two new species,
Living specimens and vouchers of the two new species were examined and compared with each other. They were also compared to other species using descriptions, herbarium specimens, and images of herbarium specimens, focusing on species that occur in southern China and
Genomic DNA of the new species,
Geneious 9.1.4 (Biomatters Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand) was used to assemble the generated sequence reads into loci, concatenate loci by species, and align the final dataset. Equivocal nucleotide sites were coded according to the IUPAC (IUB) codes. Maximum likelihood (
Collection sites of specimens representing the two new species were located on Google Earth Pro vers. 7.3.2.5776 (Google LLC, Menlo Park, California, U.S.A.) to determine the known range of each species. Maps were produced in QGIS vers. 2.18.13 (
The data underpinning the analyses reported in this paper are deposited in the Dryad Digital Repository at:
The two new species are morphologically most similar to
Phylogenetic studies resolved the two new species in series
Study of specimens and type descriptions revealed morphological differences among
Comparisons between descriptions and herbarium sheets of
No additional collections of the new species from Guizhou Province,
The study of herbarium records revealed 34 additional specimens from the Daba Mountains that are the new species,
The aligned, combined dataset was 3,551 bp with 398 (11%) variable and 153 (4%) potentially parsimony informative characters. The
The two new species were resolved with high support in a clade with
The study also resulted in the discovery of two type collections and one correction to a species description citation. The type of
Morphologically similar to
China. Sichuan Province: About 5 km N of Wanyuan, Wanyuan County, 1,140 m,
Images
Small evergreen herbaceous plant with aerial flowering stems less than basal leaves. Bracts, cauline leaves, base of basal leaves ± tinged with red. Rhizomes short and branched with fibrous leaf remains. Stolons present. Roots slender, branched, with tubers to 6 mm. Basal leaves distichous, linear with acute apex, bright green, slightly glossy, 28–44 cm long, 0.9–2 (3) mm wide, 1–2 veins; crowded in clumps. Flowering stem ca. 8–18 cm with 1 or 2 cauline leaves, with upper cauline leaf extending well above mid stem. Inflorescence with two opposite bracts (spathes) subtending 2 (3) flowers, terminal flower opening first with a single bract subtending each subsequent flower; lower bracts ± equal, 2.0–4 cm long, 0.4–0.5 cm wide; pedicels long (2.5–5 cm) and slender. Flowers light violet, open, ca. 3 cm diameter, radial with petals slightly angled upward, sepals light violet, horizontal and recurved distally; floral tube 0.2–0.5 cm; sepals ovate, shallow apical notch, narrowed at base, 2–3 cm long, 0.6–1.1 cm wide, obvious median ridge cream-colored with violet spots, a lateral ridge on either side of the median, yellow patch between lateral ridges and extending beyond ridges; petals light violet, rotund, apical notch, 1.6–2.1 cm long, ca. 1.0 cm wide, clawed in lower 1/4; stamens cream, ca. 0.8 cm long, anthers = filaments; style branches petaloid, light violet, ca. 1 cm long, 0.3 cm wide, bi-lobed distally, lobes ca. 0.4 cm long, stigma broad, slightly rounded. Capsule rounded, ca. 1 cm long. Seed light to medium brown, ca. 0.4 cm, with conspicuous white appendage. Flowering: April to May.
Illustration of
Map of known distribution for
The new species is named for the Daba Mountains in China where it occurs.
Following the criteria and categories of
China. 4 ⚥ Chongqing Municipality, Chengkou County; 29 April 1958;
The date on the specimen
Morphologically similar to
China. Guizhou Province: about 24 km south of Yanhe on road to Xiushan, 970 m,
Small evergreen herbaceous plant with aerial flowering stems shorter than basal leaves. Bracts, cauline leaves, base of basal leaves ± tinged with red. Rhizomes short (< 4 mm), branched, hidden by leaf remains. Stolons present. Roots highly branched distally with small tubers. Basal leaves distichous, linear with acute apex, bright green, slightly glossy on upper surface, dull green on lower surface, leaf edges obscurely membraneous, 12–40 cm long, 0.4–0.6 cm wide, veins slightly thickened; crowded in clumps. Flowering stem ca. 15 cm with 2 (3) cauline leaves on lower half. Inflorescence with two opposite bracts (spathes) subtending 2 (3) flowers, terminal flower opening first with a single bract subtending each subsequent flower; lower bracts ± unequal, 3.5–6 (7) cm long, 0.4–0.5 cm wide; pedicels long (3–4.5 cm) and slender. Flowers cream with light violet, open, ca. 3 cm diameter, radial with petals slightly angled upward, sepals horizontal and recurved distally; floral tube 0.3–0.4 cm; sepals cream adaxially, light yellow abaxially, narrowly obcordate, ± shallow apical notch, narrowed at base, 2.2–2.9 cm long, 0.6–0.9 wide, obvious yellow-orange median ridge, purple spot beginning at ca. midpoint and extending distally beyond ridge with two bright yellow patches flanking ridge distally; petals cream with light violet tint that is more prominent along median, narrowly spathulate, 1.8–2.2 cm long, 0.6–0.7 cm wide, clawed in lower 1/4; stamens cream, ca. 1 cm long, anthers = filaments; style branches medium violet, 1.2–1.5 cm long, 0.3–0.4 cm wide, bi-lobed distally, light violet lobes ca. 0.2–0.3 cm long with several teeth, stigma broad, slightly rounded. Capsule rounded with short apical beak. Seed light to medium brown, ca. 0.4 cm, with conspicuous white appendage. Flowering: April to May.
Illustration of
Map of known distribution for
The new species is named in honor of the U.S. horticulturist, Darrell Probst, in recognition of his work to expand our knowledge of species from series
Following the criteria and categories of
China. Guizhou Province: about 55 km south of Yanhe on road to Xiushan, 825 m,
D. Probst collected a small rhizome segment at the second site that he grew but did not voucher. An image of the plant was obtained for documentation and deposited in UC. A specimen voucher will be made and also deposited at UC when the plant reflowers.
Morphologically these two new species are most similar to
Both
An examination of available materials suggests that
It is surprising that during this study of over 450 specimens representing six
1 | Leaves |
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– | Leaves < 1 cm wide |
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2 | Floral tube ca. 1 cm long, flowers yellow |
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– | Floral tube ca. 0.5 cm long, flowers white |
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3 | Floral tube > 2.0 cm long, pedicels < 2 cm long |
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– | Floral tube < 1.0 cm long, pedicels |
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4 | Floral tube ca. 6 cm long |
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– | Floral tube 2–3.5 cm long |
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5 | Flowers pale violet, floral tube 2.5–3.5 cm long |
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5a | Flowering stem to bract < 5 cm tall, leaves < 0.4 cm wide |
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– | Flowering stem to bract > 7 cm tall, leaves > 0.5 cm wide |
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– | Flowers yellow, floral tube ca. 2 cm |
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6 | Leaves < 3 mm wide, lateral crests flanking median |
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– | Leaves > 3 mm wide, median crest only |
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7 | Style branch lobes 2–3 mm long, sepals ca. 7 mm wide |
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– | Style branch lobes ca. 6 mm long, sepals ca. 4 mm wide |
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I thank Jan Sacks and Marty Schafer for information on seed characteristics, photographs of fruits for both species, and helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, Darrell Probst for photographs of underground structures of
Publication made possible in part by support from the Berkeley Research Impact Initiative (BRII) sponsored by the UC Berkeley Library.
Supplementary file for Dryad
Nucleotide dataset, phylogenetic tree
This is a draft file for submission to Dryad as supporting materials.