Main habit types in Xenophyllum A, B species forming dense mats or hummocks C, D species forming clumps of somewhat distantly spaced stems A X. humile (Ecuador, Pichincha, pr. Papallacta) B X. sotarense (Colombia, Cauca, Sotará Volcano) C X. juniperinum (Chile, Antofagasta, Aucanquilcha Volcano) D X. digitatum (Bolivia, Potosí, cordillera Kari Kari). Pictures by Joel Calvo.