Corresponding author: Si-Rong Yi (
Academic editor: De-Zhu Li
Zhu X, Liao S, Yi S (2019)
During three field expeditions in Jinfo Mountain of Nanchuan District, Chongqing, an unknown species of
CHINA. Chongqing: Nanchuan District, Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve,
Holotype of
Morphological comparisons amongst
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Stem | usually simple, rarely branched, 20–45 cm | usually branched distally, 30–100 cm | usually slightly branched distally, 30–60 cm |
Inflorescence | terminal | terminal | opposite to a leaf or terminal on a short lateral branchlet |
Petiole | 3–13 mm long | 3–10 mm long | 2–4 mm long |
Tepals | white with purple, oblanceolate, apex obtuse, 22–25 × 2.8–4 mm | green or greenish-yellow, spatulate-oblanceolate to obovate, apex subacute, 10–17 × 2–4(–8) mm | white, obovate-oblanceolate, apex acute, rarely obtuse, 20–38 × 5–8 mm |
Stamens | distinctly exserted | distinctly exserted | included |
Filaments | 20–24 mm long | 10–16 mm long | 14–22 mm long |
Anthers | 5.2–5.6 mm long | 2.5–4.5 mm long | 4–6 mm long |
Ovary | ca. 4.6 mm long | 2–4 mm long | 2–3 mm long |
Style | 27–29 mm long, distinctly exserted | 8–17 mm long, exserted | 12–18 mm long, included |
Perennial herb with short rhizomes; occasionally with stolons. Roots densely tufted, fleshy. Stem usually simple, rarely branched, 20–45 cm high, proximally with several sheaths. Leaves alternate, concentrated in distal part of stem; petiole 3–13 mm long; blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong, papery to thinly leathery, 6.5–12.5 × 1.1–6 cm, apex shortly acuminate to acute, base broadly cuneate or roundish, glabrous, 3–5-nerved. Inflorescence terminal, 2–7-flowered, non-pedunculate. Pedicels 10–13 mm long. Flowers narrowly campanulate, nodding; tepals 6, oblanceolate, white with purple, glabrous on both surfaces, minutely papillose on the lower margin, 22–25 × 2.8–4 mm, apex obtuse, base gibbous-spurred; spurs ca. 1.5 mm long. Stamens inserted at the base of tepals, distinctly exserted; filaments glabrous, 20–24 mm long, anthers 5.2–5.6 mm long. Ovary oblong, green, glabrous, ca. 4.6 mm long; style glabrous, 27–29 mm long, distinctly exserted, trifid at the apex, branches 3, densely papillose inside.
Flowering from March to April. No fruiting specimens have been seen.
The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, China. The Chinese name is given as “南川万寿竹”.
1 | Tepals dark purple to purplish or yellow |
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2 | Tepals dark purple to purplish |
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3 | Tepals long spurred, spurs cylindric, 4–5(–8) mm |
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3' | Tepals shortly spurred, spurs gibbous, 1–3 mm |
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2' | Tepals yellow |
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4 | Leaf blade broadly elliptic to oblong-ovate; filaments minutely papillose proximally; Anhui, Chongqing, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang |
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4' | Leaf blade linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; filaments glabrous; Taiwan |
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1' | Tepals white to cream, sometimes purple red distally |
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5 | Tepals minutely puberulent on both surfaces, apex long acuminate |
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5' | Tepals glabrous on both surfaces, apex obtuse to acuminate |
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6 | Flowers tubular-campanulate, not widely opening; tepals broadest in the upper part |
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7 | Tepals smaller, 5–10 mm long |
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7' | Tepals larger, 10–38 mm long |
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8 | Leaves rather thick, subleathery, with distinct cross veins |
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8' | Leaves thinner, herbaceous to thinly leathery, without distinct cross veins |
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9 | Stamens and pistil distinct exserted; tepals larger, 10–25 mm long |
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10 | Tepals white with purple, oblanceolate, apex obtuse, 22–25 mm long; filaments 20–24 mm long; style 27–29 mm long |
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10' | Tepals green or greenish-yellow, spatulate-oblanceolate to obovate, apex subacute, 10–17 mm long; filaments 10–16 mm long; style 8–17 mm long |
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9' | Stamens and pistil shorter than tepals |
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11. | Tepals larger, 20–38 mm long, white, apex acute, rarely obtuse; Chongqin, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan |
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11. | Tepals smaller, 15–22 mm long, white with green tips and violet spots or cream with red spot at tips, apex blunt tip; Taiwan |
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12 | Plant deciduous, with stolon; inflorescences all truly terminal; tepals white with green tips and violet spots |
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12' | Plant evergreen, without stolon; inflorescence pseudoterminal; tepals cream with red spot at tips |
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6' | Flowers obconic to turbinate, widely opening; tepals broadest in the lower or middle part |
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13 | Roots densely puberulent; tepals larger, 23–31 mm long |
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14 | Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, thinly leathery; tepals white, oblong, broadest in the middle part, lower part not navicular-scaphoid |
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14' | Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, papery or herbaceous; tepals greenish-yellow or white, lanceolate, broadest in the lower middle, lower part navicular-scaphoid |
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13' | Roots glabrous; tepals smaller, 10–18 mm long |
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15 | Stem often branched distally, 30–80 cm high, with 3–7 leaves below branching; tepals are 2–3 times as long as stamens; filaments as long as anthers |
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15' | Stem simple or few-branched, 15–35 cm high, with 0–2 normal leaves below branching; tepals are 1.5–2 times as long as stamens; filaments are 2 times as long as anthers |
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16 | Leaves 4–9 all on the upper 2/3 to whole part of the stems; petioles less than 2 mm long; Shandong, Korean Peninsula, Japan |
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16' | Leaves 3–4 all on the upper 1/3 part of the stems; petioles 2–4 mm long; Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan |
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17 | Tepals greenish-yellow, (6)8–12 mm long; stamens (5)6–8 mm long; filaments 3–4.5 mm long |
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17' | Tepals white, 13–17 mm long; stamens 8–11 mm long; filaments 5–7 mm long |
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Though
The authors are very grateful to Huixia Dong for the line illustration. This study was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31600161), granted by the Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China-Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in south-west China (2017FY100100) and Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU. Special thanks are given to Renbin Zhu (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for providing colour photos of