Corresponding author: Zheng-Yu Liu (
Academic editor: Fang Wen
A new species,
Qiu Z-J, Zhang J, Baskaran X-R, Hu J, Li Z-Y, Liu Z-Y (2020)
The genus
Measurements and observations of morphological characters of the new species, based on living individuals and specimens, were carried out in the field or greenhouse and at the herbarium. Hairs and glandular hairs and other tiny morphological characters were observed and measured by using a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ18). Morphological comparisons with related species were measured, based on living individuals in the greenhouse and specimens from PE, SZBG and KUN herbaria.
Drawing of
China. Chongqing Municipality: Nanchuan, Banhegou, Mt. Jinfo, 20 Sep 2002.
Perennial herb, rosette-forming, with a short rhizome and crowded fibrous roots. Leaves 8 to 30, all basal, crowded, the inner leaves with short or absent petioles, the outer leaves with longer petioles; leaves orbicular-ovate, broad-ovate, cordate or almost circular, 0.5–2 × 0.7–2 cm, herbaceous, apex round, base cordate, margin undulate teeth, both surfaces with densely villous, lateral veins 3 on each side, not distinct; petioles 0.5–6 cm, densely pilose. Cymes 5 to 15, 1–3 flowers per cyme; peduncle 3–10 cm, densely pilose; bracts 2 at upper- or middle-peduncle, lanceolate, 0.5–1.2 cm, pubescent, pedicel 1–5 cm, densely hairy; sepals 5-divided to the base, narrow-lanceolate, ca. 4–5 mm, pubescent externally. Corolla light purple or white, outside and inside abaxial lip puberulent, inside adaxial lip and tube near mouth densely pubescent, 2 yellow spots inside abaxial lip base; tube ca. 3 mm, adaxial lip ca. 3–3.5 mm, bi-lobed near to base, lobes ovate, abaxial lip ca. 8–9 mm, deeply tri-lobed, lobes oblong; stamens 2, ca. 2.2 mm; filaments adnate to ca. 1 mm above the base of corolla tube, ca. 1.2 mm long, glabrous; anthers ovate, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; staminodes 3, adnate to ca. 0.2–0.4 mm above the base of the corolla tube, ca. 0.3–0.8 mm long, glabrous; pistil ca. 4.5 mm; ovary densely villous, ovoid, oblique abaxially, ca. 1.5 mm long; style unfolded pilose and glandular hairs under the middle, shortly pubescent or approximately glabrous above the middle, ca. 3 mm long.
The new species is determined to be Critically Endangered (CR A2c) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria (
The new species was collected with flowers during September–November; fruits were not seen.
China. Chongqing: Mt. Jinfo, Nanchuan, 3 Sep 2007,
In our previous study, molecular phylogenetic analysis of
Table
Distinguishing features of
Features |
|
|
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf shape | Ovate | Round-ovate | Sub circular | Broadly ovate | Broadly ovate |
Length of mature leaves | 1.8–2 mm | 2.5–2.8 mm | 4–4.5 mm | 2–2.5 mm | 2–2.3 mm |
Leaf margin | Undulate teeth | Crenate | Shallow-serrate | Repand | Repand |
Hairs on the leaf | Densely villous on both sides | Sparsely appressed with pubescence above and slightly densely pubescent below | Slightly densely appressed pubescent on both sides | Pubescent on both sides | Villous on both sides |
Leaf base | Cordate | Cordate | Truncate | Subcordate | Subcordate |
Hairs on the peduncle and pedicel | Unfolded pilose | Sparsely pubescent and glandular hairs | Unfolded pubescent | Pubescent and glandular hairs | Unfolded pilose and glandular hairs |
Length of corolla | 11–12 mm | 7–8 mm | 8–9 mm | 8–9 mm | 7–8 mm |
Spots inside the corolla | There are 2 yellow spots at the base of lower lip lobes | There are 2 yellow bands at the base of lower lip lobes | There are 2 yellow spots at the base of lower lip lobes | There are 2 yellow spots at the base of lower lip lobes and 3 small yellow spots in the areas of staminodes | There are 2 yellow spots at the base of lower lip lobes and 3 small yellow spots in the areas of staminodes |
The degree of upper lip cracking | Near base | Near the middle | Near the middle | Near base | Near base |
Do the upper lip lobes press against each other | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
Shape of upper lip lobe | Ovate | Round-ovate | Rounded | Rounded | Rounded |
The degree of lower lip cracking | More than the middle | Near the middle | Near the middle | Near base | Near base |
Shape of lower lip lobe | Oblong | Broadly ovate | Ovate | Oblong | Long-ovate |
The length ratio of upper to lower lip | ~ 1:3 | ~ 1:2 | ~ 1:2 | ~ 1:2 | ~ 1:2 |
Length of stamen | 2–2.5 mm | 3–3.5 mm | 4.5–4.7 mm | 1.5–1.8 mm | 1.6–1.8 mm |
Shape of anther | Ovate | Round-ovate | Elliptic | Oblate | Round-ovate |
Length of lateral staminodes | 0.6–0.8 mm | 0.2–0.3 mm | 0.4–0.5 mm | 0.4–0.5 mm | 0.4–0.5 mm |
Length of pistil | 4.5–5 mm | 7–8 mm | 6–7 mm | 6–7 mm | 6–7 mm |
Hairs on the styles | Unfolded pilose and glandular hairs under the middle, shortly pubescent or approximately glabrous above the middle | Unfolded villous and short glandular hairs under the top, short glandular hairs on the top | Unfolded pilose under the top | Unfolded pilose and glandular hairs under the middle | Unfolded villous under the top |
Likewise,
We conclude that
Morphological similarity between
Drawing of the most parsimonious tree generated from six cpDNA and two nrDNA regions (partial & unpublished). Bootstrap values are shown above branches and Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated below branches.
We are grateful to Ming-Bo Ren (Chongqing Institute of Medical Plant Cultivation) and Rong-Hua Liang (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for helping to collect this species. We are also grateful to Yin-Zheng Wang (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for useful suggestions during the preparation of this paper. We also thank Ai-Li Li for her excellent drawing of the new species. This work was funded by a Special Research Project of the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry, the Fourth National Survey on Chinese Materia Medica Resources, Chongqing (grant 20127002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 31200159, 31500187), the Scientific Research Project of Shenzhen Urban Management Bureau (201705, 201807, 201926) and the Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-017-29). We would like to also thank TopEdit (