Leaf upper surfaces, particularly showing typical characteristics of the midrib: Cremastosperma, raised, grooved (a C. gracilipes R.E.Fr., Clark 10186b C. cauliflorum, Lewis 12049c C. alticola Pirie & Chatrou, Perea 2540); Pseudoxandra, raised (d P. bahiensis Maas, Carvalho 3627e P. lucida R.E.Fr., Gentry 1854f P. rionegrensis Maas, Stevenson 898); and Malmea, sunken (g M. surinamensis Chatrou, Daniëls 859; M. dimera Chatrou, Maas 9557; M. dielsiana Saff. ex R.E.Fr., Graham 2746). Bottom right inset in each case – detail of the midrib; scales not comparable.