Habitat degradation and forest clearance at the type locality of Calyptrochilum aurantiacum (Mungo River Forest Reserve). In less than 10 years, hundreds of hectares of mature lowland rainforest have been converted to cocoa plantations along the Mungo River (pers. comm. by local communities). A Freshly cleared forest where plantain and bananas will be cultivated during two years prior to being replaced by cocoa trees. B A ten-year old cocoa plantation on the banks of the Mungo River; only a few shade trees remain from the original forest. C Plantain and banana bunches that are harvested every day along the Mungo River. Photographs by V. Droissart (June 2017).