Corresponding author: Richard M.K. Saunders (
Academic editor: T. Couvreur
Two new species of
Chen J, Chalermglin P, Saunders RMK (2018) Two new species and two new records of
The underlying floral Bauplan of
Although
Examination of herbarium specimens and fieldwork in Thailand has revealed two new
The material studied comprises herbarium specimens of
Similar to
THAILAND: Phetchaburi Province, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phanoen Thung Ranger Station, 1000 m elev., 25 Aug 2004,
Climbers, to 20 m in height. Twigs drying grey-brown, glabrous to sparsely hairy. Leaf laminas 9.5–15.5 cm long, 2.3–4.0 cm wide, oblong-elliptic, apex acuminate, base cuneate or decurrent, chartaceous, glabrous both ab- and adaxially; midrib glabrous to sparsely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially, prominent and raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 8–12 pairs per leaf, visible on both surfaces; tertiary venation reticulate, visible on both surfaces; petioles 2–5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous to sparsely hairy. Inflorescence hooks recurved, laterally compressed, with 1–3 flowers; flowering pedicels 7–9 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous. Sepals ca. 4 mm long, 4–6 mm wide, triangular, subglabrous both ab- and adaxially, venation indistinct. Outer petals with externally distinct blades and claws; blades 10–12 mm long, 7–8 mm wide, deltoid, undulate, sparsely hairy both ab- and adaxially; claws ca. 4 mm long, 6–8 mm wide, broadly ovate, densely hairy abaxially, subglabrous adaxially. Inner petals with externally distinct blades and claws; blades 7–10 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, rhomboid, undulate, sparsely hairy both ab- and adaxially; claws ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide, rhomboid, densely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Stamens ca. 90 per flower, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; apex of connectives truncate. Carpels 24–30 per flower, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; ovaries ovoid; stigmas ellipsoid, extending centrifugally. Fruiting pedicels 10–11 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, glabrous. Monocarps 8–30 per fruit, 15–20 mm long, 9–13 mm wide, ellipsoid, glabrous, slightly beaked (beak less than 1 mm long), drying with longitudinal ridges, subsessile or with stipes up to ca. 2 mm long. Seeds 2 per monocarp, plano-convex, ca. 16 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide.
Flowering specimens collected in February and August; fruiting specimens collected in October.
So far only known from Thailand (Fig.
The specific epithet alludes to “Tanao Sri”, the Thai name of the Bilauktaung subrange of the Tenasserim Range where this species occurs.
Karawek Tanao Sri.
Thailand: Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Hua Hin District, Huai Sat Yai, Pa La-U Village, 17 Oct 2016,
Similar to
THAILAND: Krabi Province, Mueang Krabi District, Phruksa Sawan limestone hill, 100 m elev., 15 Mar 2015,
Climbers, to 20 m in height. Twigs drying brown, glabrous to sparsely hairy. Leaf laminas 9.6–18.1 cm long, 3–4.5 cm wide, oblong-elliptic, apex acuminate, base cuneate or decurrent, chartaceous, subglabrous both ab- and adaxially; midrib glabrous to sparsely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially, prominent and raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 6–14 pairs per leaf, visible on both surfaces; tertiary venation reticulate, visible on both surfaces; petioles 2–6 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous to sparsely hairy. Inflorescence hooks recurved, laterally compressed, with 1 or 2 flowers; flowering pedicels ca. 10 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, subglabrous. Sepals 4–5 mm long and wide, triangular, subglabrous both ab- and adaxially, venation indistinct. Outer petals with externally distinct blades and claws; blades 8–10 mm long, 7–8 mm wide, deltoid, flat, sparsely hairy both ab- and adaxially; claws ca. 5 mm long and wide, broadly rhomboid, densely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Inner petals with externally distinct blades and claws; blades 6–7 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, broadly spathulate, strongly concave, sparsely hairy both ab- and adaxially; claws ca. 5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, narrowly rhomboid, densely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Stamens numerous per flower, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; apex of connectives truncate. Carpels ca. 30 per flower, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide; ovaries ovoid; stigmas ellipsoid, extending centrifugally. Fruiting pedicels unknown. Monocarps (in fresh material) up to 30 per fruit, 19–26 mm long, 14–18 mm wide, obovoid, strongly beaked (beak ca. 2 mm long), sessile. Seeds 2 per monocarp, plano-convex, 12–14 mm long, 9–11 mm wide.
Flowering and fruiting specimens collected in March.
So far only known from Thailand (Fig.
The specific epithet reflects the morphology of the inner petals.
Karawek Phruksa Sawan.
The fruit and seeds are only known from fresh material and have not been preserved due to fungal infection.
The distinction between
Northern Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Kelantan, and Trengganu) and southern Thailand (Narathiwat and Songkhla), in lowland and hill rain forests (Fig.
Karawek Bai Yai.
Thailand: Narathiwat Province, Kaluwotai, Khao Chana, 21 Sep 1985,
The name
Southern China (Yunnan) and Thailand (Khao Yai National Park and Phu Kradueng National Park), in lower montane forests, 1000–1500 m elev. (Fig.
Distributions of
Karawek Kra.
Thailand: Loei Province, Phu Kradueng National Park, 24 Dec 1971, 1300 m,
Specimens of this species were mistakenly recognised as a new species (“
1 | Young branches velutinous; abaxial surface of leaves densely hairy |
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– | Young branches glabrous to sparsely hairy; abaxial surface of leaves glabrous to sparsely hairy |
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2 | Leaf apex acuminate; leaf laminas broadly elliptic and coriaceous; petal blades 10–15 mm wide |
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– | Leaf apex caudate; leaf laminas oblong and chartaceous; petal blades 2–5 mm wide |
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3 | Pedicels less than a quarter of the length of the flower |
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– | Pedicels slightly shorter, as long as, or longer than flower |
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4 | Petal blades linear, 1–2 mm wide; sepals ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide; leaf laminas 10.5–19 cm long, 4–9 cm wide |
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– | Petal blades oblong-elliptic, 7–12 mm wide; sepals 4–10 mm long, 4–8 mm wide; leaf laminas 7–14 cm long, 2.5–4.2 cm wide |
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5 | Inflorescences with up to 5 flowers; petal blades chartaceous, 2.8–3.3 cm long, 0.7–1 cm wide; monocarps distinctly stipitate (stipes 3–5 mm long) and slightly beaked (beak 1–2 mm long) |
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– | Inflorescences with a solitary flower; petal blades coriaceous, 3.5–4 cm long, ca. 1.2 cm wide; monocarps sessile and sharply beaked (beak up to 1 cm long) |
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6 | Stamen connectives apiculate |
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– | Stamen connectives truncate |
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7 | Young branches often with spines; leaf apex retuse, truncate or mucronate; leaf laminas 6–8 cm long, 2.5–4.5 cm wide; monocarps ellipsoid, 3.5–4.5 cm long, 1–2 cm wide |
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– | Young branches without spines, leaf apex acuminate; leaf laminas 9–15 cm long, 3–7 cm wide; monocarps obovoid, 3–3.5 cm long, 2–2.5 cm wide |
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8 | Petal blades terete; monocarps 1–2(–4) per fruit |
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– | Petal blades not terete; monocarps 4–30 per fruit |
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9 | Inflorescences with 10–20 flowers; monocarps not beaked |
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– | Inflorescences with up to 4 flowers; monocarps beaked |
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10 | Petals chartaceous, yellow (in fresh material); adaxial surface of inner petals with a short, raised rim between claw and blade (ca. 1 mm long); leaf laminas coriaceous |
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– | Petals coriaceous, green to beige with maroon patches (in fresh material); adaxial surface of inner petals with an elongated, raised rim between claw and blade (ca. 5 mm long); leaf laminas chartaceous |
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11 | Outer petals with externally distinct blades and claws; inner petal blades rhomboid or spathulate |
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– | Outer petals without externally distinct blades and claws; inner petal blades ovate or triangular |
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12 | Outer petal blades undulate; outer petal claws broadly ovate; inner petal blades rhomboid and undulate; monocarps slightly beaked (beak less than 1 mm long) |
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– | Outer petal blades flat; outer petal claws broadly rhomboid; inner petal blades broadly spathulate and strongly concave; monocarps strongly beaked (beak ca. 2 mm long) |
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13 | Leaf laminas chartaceous, 3–4 cm wide; leaf base asymmetrical; flowering pedicels 4–6 mm long; monocarps 2–2.5 cm long, 0.8–1.2 cm wide |
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– | Leaf laminas coriaceous, 4–13.5 cm wide; leaf base symmetrical; flowering pedicels 10–25 mm long; monocarps 3–4.5 cm long, 2–3.5 cm wide |
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14 | Leaf laminas 9–15.5 cm long, 4–7 cm wide; outer petals 1.5–2 cm long; monocarps ca. 6 per fruit, 4–4.5 cm long, 2–3.5 cm wide |
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– | Leaf laminas 21–32 cm long, 8.5–13.5 cm wide; outer petals 1.3–1.6 cm long; monocarps ca. 20 per fruit, 3–3.5 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide |
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We are grateful to: the directors of A, AAU, BKF, E, IBSC, K, KUFF, KUN, L, NY, PE, QBG, SING, U and US herbaria for the loan of, or access to, specimens; and Alicia Musson (K), Dr Ende Liu (KUN) and Siti Nur Bazilah Mohamed Ibrahim (SING) for access to high-resolution digital images of selected specimens. This research was funded by project 17109417 from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, awarded to RMKS.