Specimens examined.
BELIZE. Belize: Mile 5 3/4, Northen Highway, 7 June 1974, fl., J.D. Dwyer 12737 (MO). Stann Creek: 16°50'N, 88°30'W, May 1901, fl., fr., E.J.F Campbell 95 (K). Toledo: Maya Mountains foothill, Solomon Camp, vicinity of the junction of Richardson Creek and Bladen Branch, 16°31'48.0"N, 88°45'00.0"W, 80 m, 5 Mar 1987, fl., G. Davidse 32046 (MO). COSTA RICA. Limón: Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Estación Agua Fría, alrededores de la casa-estación, vegetación secundaria y relictos de vegetación primaria, 10°24'36"N, 83°33'36"W, 40 m, 24 Oct 1987, fl., R. Robles 1121 (MO); Ibid., Estación Cuatro Esquinas, 800 m al Sur de la casa-estación, a orillas de la Laguna de Tortuguero, 10°30'36.0"N, 83°30'00.0"W, 2 m, 29 Nov 1987, fr., R. Robles 1391 (MO); Puerto Viejo de Talamanca, along road in vicinity of beach between Punta Cocles and Punta Uva, E of Puerto Viejo de Talamanca, 9°37'48"N, 82°42'36"W, 0–5 m, 6 Nov 1984, fl., M.H. Grayum 4411 (MO); Rio Gandoca, Refugio Gandoca-Manzanillo Low-lying coastal swamps and forests, Gandoca (slightly to N of trail from Mata de Limón), 9°36'N, 82°36'W, 0 m, 27 Jan 1987, fl., M.H. Grayum 8032 (MO); Talamanca, Sixaola, Gandoca, finca Cangrejo, Anai, 9°34'45"N, 82°36'20"W, 10 m, 24 Mar 1995, fr., G. Herrera 7551 (K). Puntarenas: Cantón de Osa, cuenca Térraba-Sierpe, Chocuaco, 8°43'50"N, 83°27'17"W, 150 m, 29 Dec 1996, fl., R. Aguilar 4824 (MO); Golfo Dulce, Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce Aguabuena, sector sur, 08°42'00"N, 83°31'12"W, 50 m, 15 Jan 1992, fl., R. Aguilar 818 (MO). GUATEMALA. Izabal: Dartmouth, between Dartmouth and Morales toward Lago Izabel, Montana del Mico, 15°30'36.0"N, 88°46'48.0"W, 35 m, 7 Apr 1940, fl., fr., J.A. Steyermark 39022 (F, MO); Puerto Barrios, near Rio Pargueña, 38–40 km N of Puerto Ayacucho, 25 May 1939, fl., P.C. Standley 73082 (F). HONDURAS. Atlantida: Esparta, 41.5 km E of Tela on the Tela-Ceiba Hwy then ca. 6 km N along old timber road. In remaining patches of primary forest, 15°39'N, 87°16'W, 100 m, 24 Apr 1994, fl., fr., A.E. Brant 2917 (MO). Colón: Rio Guaimoreto, 1.8 mi strip on the north bank of rio Guaimoreto between old bridge and opening of Laguna Guaimoreto 4.5 NE of Trujillo on old road to Castilla, 15°57'30"N, 85°54'30"W, 0 m, 10 July 1980, fl., J.G. Saunders 453 (MO); Trujillo, 1.8.mi strip on the north bank of rio Guaimoreto between old bridge and opening of Laguna Guaimoreto 4.5 mim, NE of Trijillo on old road to Castilla, 15°57'N, 85°54'W, 0 m, 19 June 1980, fl., J. Saunders 397 (MO). NICARAGUA. Atlántico Sur: Rio Pijibaye, 11°27'N, 83°54'W, 10–20 m, 18 Feb 1995, fl., fr., R. Rueda 3216 (MO). Río San Juan: Municipio de San Juan del Norte, Reserva Indio-Maíz, entre San Juan del Norte y la Finca de Chepelión, 50 m, 8 July 2002, fl., R. Rueda 16901 (MO). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Water Valley, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, 23 Nov 1940, fl., H. von Wedel 1754 (MO). Colón: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, 26 Mar 1850, fl., A. Fendler 206 (K); Portobello, ridge top, 1–3 miles W of Portobello, 7 Sept 1971, fl., A.H. Gentry 1766 (MO); premontane wet forest along Road S1 as it climbis the hill 1 Km SE of Camp Pina, 6 km WNW of Gatun Dam, 125 m, 21 Dec 1973, fl., M. Nee 8948 (MO); Western most part of province, site of proposed copper mine (INMET), Tailings Area, lowland forest on steep slopes, 8°53'50"N, 80°39'44"W, 40 m, 15 Apr 2009, fl., G. McPherson 20983 (MO). Darién: Rio Cupe, Rio Tuira between Boca de Cupe and mouth of Rio Pucro, 7°54'N, 77°30'W, 0 m, 12 Jan 1975, fl., A.H. Gentry 13528 (MO); Yavisa, Rio Chucunaque, 0–1 hour above Yaviza, near sea level, 8°10'48.0"N, 77°40'48.0"W, 0 m, 8 Jan 1975, fl., A.H. Gentry 13477 (MO). Panama: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Area, cove north of dock, 2 July 1970, fr., T.B. Croat 11085 (MO); Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, shore line N of Smithsonian Laboratory Habour towards Salud Point, 9. 16°, menos 79. 84°, 28 Feb 1964, fl., F. Ehrendorfer 6400-22 (WU); Ibid., Shoreline, 24 Jan 1968, fl., fr., J.D. Dwyer 8450 (F); Ibid., tip of Pearson Trail Peninsula S & W to 3rd large cove, 09°10'07"N, 79°51'31"W, 0–5 m, 7 May 1968, fr., T.B. Croat 5406 (MO). BOLIVIA. Beni: Riberlata, ca. 3 km SW of Riberalta on road to Hamburgo (crossing of Río Beni), várzea forest, heavily disturbed, 11°01'48.0"S, 66°06'00.0"W, 230 m, 20 Sept 1981, fl., J.C. Solomon 6349 (MO); Vaca Díez, Cachuela Esperanza Río Beni, 12 Sept 1985, fl., M. Moraes 550 (MO). BRAZIL. s.loc., s.d., fl., s.inf. s.n. (B). Acre: Porto Walter, Along Rio Juruá-Mirim, ca. 3 hrs by boat, above its mouth at Rio Juruá, 11 Nov 2001, fl., P. G. Delprete 7688 (NY). Amapá: Macapá, canteiro do Museu Macapá, 30 June 1981, fl., Verônica 17 (RBR); Rio Araguari, 1°10'48.0"N, 52°07'48.0"W, 22 July 1951, fr., R.L. Fróes 27540 (IAN, MO); Rio Calcoene, 16 Nov 1901, fl., W.A. Ducke s.n. (K, MO); Rio Puchacá afluente do Vila Nova, 15 Feb 1961, fl., A.G. Andrade 855 (R). Amazonas: Anavilhanas, Rio Negro, May 1980, fl., M. Goulding 66a (MG, MO); Ibid., s.d., fl., M. Goulding 2120 (MG, MO); Autaz-Mirim, igapó do Curi, 20 Mar 1973, fl., fr., A.A. Loureiro INPA37554 (INPA); Ibid., Lago do Purupuru, igapó, 17 Mar 1973, fl., fr., A.A. Loureiro s.n. (INPA); Careiro, Lago do Castanho, igapó, 7 June 1972, fr., M. Honda INPA36004 (INPA); Itaubarana, Rio Purus region, Rio Ipixuna, 15 km downstream from Itaubarana (30 km from Tapaua), igapó, 5°38'0"S, 63°10'0"W, 19 Jan 1986, fl., G. Gottsberger 115-19186 (MO); Itaubarana, Rio Purus region, Rio Ipixuna, 15 km downstream from Itaubarana (30 km from Tapaua), igapo, 5°38'0"S, 63°10'0"W, 23 Jan 1986, fl., G. Gottsberger 16-23186 (MO); Janauacá, Lago do Castanho, 7 June 1972, fr., M. Honda INPA36004 (INPA); Manaus, bank of Rio Negro and Rio Amazonas near Manaus, 4 Apr 1974, fl., fr., A.H. Gentry 11191 (MO); Ibid., Campus do INPA, Séde do INPA, estrada do Aleixo, km 3, capoeira, solo argiloso, 5 Aug 1973, fl., P.N. Conceição 5 (INPA); Ibid., estrada do Igarapé do Mariano, capoeira fechada, 23 Apr 1958, fl., fr., J.C. Almeida INPA6383 (INPA); Ibid., Igarapé do Binda, 19 Jan 1955, fl., J.C. Chagas 606 (K); Ibid., terra úmida, 2°18'36.0"S, 60°04'48.0"W, 19 Jan 1955, fl., J.C. Almeida INPA606 (INPA); Novo Airão, margem do Rio Negro, mata de igapó, 01°54'21.0"S, 61°20'08.9"W, 21 m, 12 May 2015, fl., M. Beyer 324 (SPF); Ibid., 1°40'07.0"S, 61°25'00.1"W, 13 m, 12 May 2015, fl., M. Beyer 332 (SPF); Ibid., Estação Ecológica Anavilhanas, 2°31'48.0"S, 60°50'24.0"W, 5 Feb 2007, fl., L.G. Lohmann 836 (SPF); Presidente Figueiredo (entorno), beira do Rio Uatumã, abaixo do Ramal da Morena, 1°00'S, 59°00'W, 24 Feb 2007, fl., C.E. Zartman 6349 (INPA, SPF); Ibid., beira do Rio Uatumã, abaixo do ramal da Morena, 24 Feb 2007, fr., C.E. Zartman 6333 (INPA); Ibid., Balbina, 2°01'48.0"S, 60°01'12.0"W, 13 Aug 2008, fl., F.F. Melo 532 (INPA); Rio Ituxi, Boca du Curuquete, Rio Purus, 10 July 1971, fl., G.T. Prance 14036 (INPA); Rio Negro between Rio Quinini and Moreira, sandy river bank, 13 Oct 1971, fl., G.T. Prance 15178 (INPA); Ibid., Parana do Jacaré, 2°01'48.0"S, 60°01'12.0"W, 24 June 1992, fl., S.A. Mori 22470 (MO); São Francisco, Rio Negro, Paraná do Camanaú até Ponta do Canta Galo, 1°41'24.0"S, 61°16'12.0"W, 25 Apr 1973, fl., fr., M.F. Silva 1092 (INPA); Solimões, boca do Tefé, capoeira, 27 Sept 1904, fl., A. Ducke MG6821 (INPA); Tefé, Lago Tefé, northwest shore, igapó habitat, sandy, flooded lakeshor, 11 Dec 1982, fl., T. Plowman INPA126243 (INPA); Xiborema, solo argiloso, mata de várzea, 1 Jan 1957, fl., L.F. Coêlho s.n. (INPA). Maranhão: Lago Verde, fazenda São Francisco, 11Km N of Km 337 of BR 316, forest with Orbignya Palm, 4°0'S, 44°56'W, 25 Sept 1980, fr., D.C. Daly D264 (MG); Palmeirândia, 17 Dec 2006, fl., C.M. Vieira 72 (IAN). Mato Grosso: Colíder, canteiro de obras da UHE Colíder, terra firme, 10°58’ 48.0"S, 55°46'12.0"W, 258 m, 6 June 2011, fl., C.R.A. Soares 3594 (HERBAM, NX); near Tabajara, upper Machado River region, Nov 1931, fl., B.A. Krukoff 1517 (K, NY, P). Pará: Aguá, Rio Irucú, mata de várzea, 1992, fl., fr., U.R. Maciel 1971 (MG); Ibid., Rio Marajozinho, mata de várzea, 1992, fl., U.R. Maciel 1793 (MG), U.R. Maciel 1823 (MG); Almeirim, Distrito de Monte Dourado, coletas ao longo do Rio Jari, 0°51'00"S, 52°32'00"W, 68 m, 4 July 2010, fl., R.C. Forzza 5994 (RB); Altamira, Rodovia Transamazônica (BR-230), margem do Rio Xingú, antes da travessia da Balsa, lado esquerdo da rovovia, sentido Altamira - Marabá, 03°07'34.4"S, 51°42'03.2"W, 5 m, 30 Nov 2005, fl., R.G. Udulutsch 2708 (HRCB, MBM, SPF, UNESPRC); Aveiro, Flona do Tapajós, Rio Cupari, 12 May 2011, fl., M.A. Braga 77 (RB); Belém, Campus of IPEAN, 6 Dec 1974, fl., A.H. Gentry 13075 (MO); Belterra, caminho para Pindobal, 29 Oct 1947, fl., G.A. Black 47-1861 (IAN, K); Chaves, Ilha Mexiana, Faz. Nazareth, 18 Sept 1901, fl., M. Guedes s.n. (MO); estrada entre S. Miguel e Río Caracuru, varzea, capoeira, 17 Jan 1969, fl., N.T. Silva 1654 (K, MO); Furo Macujubirm, 30 Aug 1901, fl., M. Guedes s.n. (MO); Ilha de Marajó, Rio Gipuru, 00°15'S, 50°30'W, 24 Oct 1987, fl., H.T. Beck 178 (F, MO); Melgaco, na Ilha do Marajó, Río Mapari, afluente do Río Tajapuru, 29 Nov 1991, NA, G. Santos 226 (MO); Óbidos, capoeira, 5 Aug 1902, st., W.A. Ducke s.n. (K, MO); Ourém, capoeira, 4 Dec 1903, fl., R.S. Rorb s.n. (MG); Paraupebas, Reserva Biologica da Serra dos Carajás, Companhia Vale do Río Doce, área da planta piloto, mina de exploracao de ferro-N4, 500 m, 20 Nov 1991, fr., G. Santos 183 (G, MO); Piriá, Bankof Rio Piria, N of km 90, 28 Oct 1965, fl., G.T. Prance 1736 (IAN, K, MO); Rio Mojú, 1 June 1954, fl., G.A. Black 54-16283 (K); Río Tocentius, reg. de S. Joazuim de Itaquara, 18 Dec 1960, fr., E. Oliveira 1243 (IAN, MO); Santarém, 1877-78, fl., M. Jobert 857 (P); São Sebastião da Boa Vista, estrada de acesso a Vila Cocal, 2 Sept 1992, fl., C.A. Santos 31 (MG); Senador Jose Porfirio (Sozel), margem direita do Rio Xingu, 02°34'00"S, 51°55'00"W, 3 Dec 1991, fr., G. Santos 287 (MO); Tucuruí, Breu Branco, igapó às margens do rio Tocantis, 14 Oct 1983, fl., J. Revilla 8681 (NY, SPF); Ibid., Breu Branco, margem do rio Tocantis, 12 Sept 1983, fl., F.E. Miranda 576 (NY); Vitória do Xingu, Rio Xingu, Sítio Pimental, 2°52'48.0"S, 52°00'36.0"W, 15 Jan 2012, fl., C.S. Rosario s.n. (MBM). Rondônia: Costa Marques, às margens do rio Caltário, 28 Oct 1996, fr., L.C.B. Lobato 2398 (MG); Pacáas Novos, Rio Pacáas Novos, 3 Aug 1968, fl., G.T. Prance 6759 (INPA, K, MO, R). Roraima: Caracaraí, Rio Branco, 0°56'46.4"S, 61°52'32"W, 36 m, 15 May 2015, fl., A. Frazão 149 (SPF); Ibid., 0°36'14"N, 61°35'43"W, 50 m, 20 Mar 2012, fl., G. Martinelli 17395 (RB); Ibid., paraná abalaô, 0°56'49"N, 60°58'14"W, 34 m, 27 Mar 2012, fl., fr., M. Nadruz 2647 (RB); Ibid., próximo ao encontro com o Rio Negro, 1°22'24.5'S, 61°51'59.7"W, 34 m, 16 May 2015, fl., A. Frazão 153 (SPF); Ibid., Parque Nacional do Viruá, margem do Rio Branco, igapó, 01°40'29.0"N, 61°11'24.6"W, 42 m, 26 Sept 2014, fl., J.N.C. Francisco 41 (SPF); Ibid., próximo da sede do Parque, floresta de terra firme, 01°29'23.3"N, 61°00'09.1"W, 68 m, 24 Sept 2014, fl., J.N.C. Francisco 40 (SPF); Ibid., 01°29'24.9"N, 61°00'11.4"W, 67 m, 24 Sept 2014, fl., J.N.C. Francisco 39 (SPF); Igarapé Água Boa, Río Mucajai between Pratinha and Río Apiau, 22 Jan 1967, fl., G.T. Prance 4012 (INPA, K, MO, R, US);Rorainópolis, Rio Branco, 00°43'46.3"S, 61°51'24.0"W, 32 m, 14 May 2015, fl., V. Thode 424 (SPF); Ibid., Ponto 11, 0°56'24.0"S, 61°50'24.0"W, 22 m, 14 May 2015, fl., fr., A. Frazão 136 (SPF); Ibid., boca do Rio Branco com o Rio Negro, 1°23'8"S, 61°52'46"W, 40 m, 25 Apr 2014, fl., R.C. Forzza 8094 (RB); Ibid., 1°23'8"S, 61°52'46"W, 40 m, 25 July 2014, fl., R.C. Forzza 8113 (RB); Ibid., mata de igapó com interferência da água branca do rio Branco, 1°23'0.2"S, 61°51'6"W, 35 m, 13 May 2015, fl., B.M. Gomes 648 (SPF); Ibid., em direção à Caracaraí, mata de igapó, 1°12'12.7"S, 61°50'37.3"W, 34 m, 13 May 2015, fr., B.M. Gomes 651 (SPF); Ibid., ao encontro dos rio Branco com o Negro, mata de igapó com influência das águas do rio Negro, 1°5'46.5"S, 61°52'53"W, 28 m, 15 May 2015, fl., B.M. Gomes 659 (SPF); Ibid., mata de igapó, 1°14'42.7"S, 61°50'56.2’’W, 29 m, 16 May 2015, fl., B.M. Gomes 662 (SPF); Rorainópolis, Rio Negro, mata de igapó, 01°33'14.2"S, 61°30'27.8"W, 13 m, 12 May 2015, fl., M. Beyer 336 (SPF); Ibid., 01°33'14.2"S, 62°30'27.8"W, 13 m, 12 May 2015, fl., M. Beyer 337 (SPF); Ibid., 1°22'5.2"S, 61°45'55.3"W, 18 m, 13 May 2015, fl., B.M. Gomes 639 (SPF); Ibid., Rio Xixuaú, floresta beirando pequenos igarapés, 0°48'22"S, 61°33'32"W, 5 Mar 2010, fl., M.J.G. Hopkins 1961 (INPA); Ibid., Ilha da casa do Chris, 0°48'01"N, 61°33'29’’W, 25 m, 3 Feb 2011, fl., T. Marinho 208 (INPA). COLOMBIA. Llamos de Cumaral ad vedem Andim bogosensim orinocum versus, 386 m, Jan 1876, fl., L. Aruz 1035 (P). Amazonas: Araracuara, rocks along Rio Caqueta, Araracuara, 17 Jan 1989, fr., A.H. Gentry 64809 (MO). Antioquia: Chigorodo, Rio Leon 15 km W of Chigorodo, 07°45'N, 76°50'W, 100 m, 19 Mar 1962, fl., C. Feddema 1954 (MICH, MO, US); Necoclí, Reserva Indígena Cainán Nuevo, 76°46'W, 8°36"N, 2 m, Aug 1992, fl., L. Castaño 93a (HUA). Bolívar: La Raya, Achi, Inspeccion de la Raya, 8°19'48.0"N, 74°33'36.0"W, 30 m, 5 May 1987, fl., H.V. Cuadros 3601 (MO). Chocó: Boca del Togoroma, Bank of Quebrada Togoroma, 13 June 1944, fl., fr., E.P. Killip 39122 (COL, F, MO, US); Las Animas, Jequedo, 42 km W of Las Animas, E of Rio Pato on Pan American (under construction) W of Las Animas, 5°16'48.0"N, 76°36'36.0"W, 250 m, 11 Jan 1979, fl., A.H. Gentry 23990 (MO); Truando, cativo swamps along Rio Truando, 18 Jan 1974, fl., A.H. Gentry 9313 (MO). FRENCH GUIANA. Javanes de Mana, 1855, fl., Gusllet s.n. (P); s.loc., 15 Dec 1956, fl., fr., A. Lemée 11 (P); s.loc., 1845, fl., fr., M. Melinón 64 (P); s.loc., 1856, fl., s.inf. s.n. (P); s.loc., 8 May 1874, fl., M. Melinón 121 (P); s.loc., Jan 1900, fl., F. Geay 1861 (P). Cayenne: Camopi, Camopi River, env. 12 km en amout de Camopi, 16 Dec 1965, fl., R.A.A. Oldeman 1796 (P, MO); Mahury River, Crique Gabrielle, tributary of the Mahury River, across from Stoupan, 4°45'00.0"N, 52°18'36.0"W, 10 m, 18 Oct 1991, fl., S.A. Mori 22137 (MO, NY); Mana River, Awara, village Galibi sur la reiver S de l’estucire de la Mana, env. à 18 km de Mana, 26 Jan 1978, fl., A. Raynal-Roques 19920 (MO, P); Maroni River, 1861, fl., M. Melinón 201 (P); Ibid., 1982, fl., M. Melinón 205 (K, P); Montagne de Kaw, Montagnes de Kaw, Auberge de Brousse des Cascades, savanna and forest edges at end of road, 4°34'48.0"N, 52°16'48.0"W, 140 m, 12 Sept 1987, fl., A. Weitzman 287 (MO); Rives de l’Oyapock, entre St George at Maripa, Mar 1968, fr., R.A.A. Oldeman B-1449 (MO); Rivière Counana, affluent de l’Orapu, Dégrad Counana, 23 Dec 1966, fr., R.A.A. Oldeman B-778 (P); pont sur la crique Kourouaie, RN2, Régina, 04°06'53"N, 52°03'37"W, 4 m, 21 Mar 2009, fl., O. Tostain 2664 (P, NY, US). GUYANA. Pomeroon river, Mora Island, Wakapoa, 27 Dec 1958, fl., V. Graham P232 (K); s.loc., s.d., fl., Senudeas s.n. (P); Madoony Creek, Jan 1889, fl., G.S. Jenman 20968 (K). Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Mazaruni Station, 28 Aug 1937, fl., N.Y. Sandwith 1226 (K); Ibid., 29 Oct 1943, fl., Fanshawe 4155 (K). Upper Demerara-Berbice: Moraballi Creek near Bartica, Essequibo River, 15 Nov 1929, fl., N.Y. Sandwith 617 (K, MO). Venezuela: Beryen de L’orenoque, 1864, fl., R. Grosourdy 13 (P). PERU. Amazonas: Condorcanqui, Monte virgin, 1 km atras de la comunidad de Caterpiza, trocha de metayar, banda este de la Quebrada Caterpiza, Rio Santiago, 3°54'36.0"S, 77°42'00.0"W, 180 m, 30 Oct 1979, fl., V. Huashikat 1145 (MO). Huánuco: Pachitea, region of Pucallpa, western part of the Sira mountains and adjacent lowland, c 26 km of Puerto Inca, next to the junction of the Rio Pachitea and Rio Yuyapichis, biological field station Panguana, primary lowland rain forest with some xer, 9°36'36.0"S, 74°55'48.0"W, 260 m, 21 Sept 1988, fl., fr., W. Morawetz 11-21988 (MO) . Loreto: Boca del Rio Itaya, above Iquitos, 110 m, 17 Sept 1929, fl., E.P. Killip 29401 (F); Indiana, trail from Indiana on Rio Amazonas to Rio Napo, well drained upland forest on clay, 3°27'36.0"S, 73°00'00.0"W, 200 m, s.d., fl., A.H. Gentry 22205 (MO); Iquitos, Carretera de Picuruyacu, en terreno arenoso, 3°44'24.0"S, 73°14'24.0"W, 160 m, 23 Sept 1981, fl., Y.M. Rimachi 5716 (MO); Maynas, explorer’s inn tourist camp near Indiana on Rio Amazonas, seasonally inundated tahuampa forest, 3°30'S, 73°00'W, 120 m, 21 Feb 1988, fl., A.H. Gentry 61828 (MO); Ibid., Mishana, (Rio Nanay), bosque secundario de mas de 20 años, 03°55'S, 73°35'W, 130 m, 25 July 1984, fl., R. Vásquez 5404 (MO); Ibid., Pto. Almendras (Rio Nanay), bosque inundable estacional (tahuampa), 3°48'00.0"S, 73°24'36.0"W, 122 m, 7 Sept 1984, fl., R. Vásquez 5540 (MO); Requena, Sanangal, bosque secundario inundable (Tahuampa), 04°10'S, 73°20'W, 120 m, 8 Aug 1980, fl., R. Vásquez 347 (MO). Madre de Dios: Laguna Cocacocha, edge of Laguna Cocacocha 39 km SW of Pto Moldanado near confl of Rios La Torre & Tambopata, 17 Oct 1968, fl., fr., S.F. Smith 408 (MO, US); Manu, Puerto Maldonado, Los Amigos Biological Station, ca. 7km upriver from mouth of Rio Los Amigos, between Cocha Llena and Cocha Lobo, 12°34'12.0"S, 70°06'00.0"W, 270 m, 4 Nov 2001, fr., J.P. Janovec 2606 (SPF); Tambopata, Cusco Amazonico, 15 km ENE of Puerto Maldonado, 12°24'48.0"S, 69°04'48.0"W, 200 m, 17 Dec 1989, fr., A.H. Gentry 68887 (MO); Ibid., explorer’s inn tourist camp at junction of Rios La Torre and Tambopata, swampy forest, 12°48'36.0"S, 69°42'36.0"W, 270 m, 28 July 1985, fl., A.H. Gentry 51536 (MO). SURINAME. Île Portal, 1888, fl., P. Sagot s.n. (P); Sipiwalini, Voltzberg Nature Reserve, Coppename River, 1-2 Km north of Foengoe Island, 4°44'N, 56°11'W, 40 m, 21 Feb 1999, fl., B. Hoffman 5362 (MO). VENEZUELA. Des bords de l’Orinoque, 27 Sept 1886, fl., M. Chaffanjon 336 (P). Amazonas: Boca Casiquiare, selvas pluviales en y los alrededores de la orilla del Rio Casiquiare, entre la boca y Isla de la Paloma, 18 Feb 1986, fl., B. Stergios 9001 (MO); Carinagua, Dept Atures, alrededores de Puerto Ayacucho (ca. 9 Km al S), bosque de galeria del Caño Carinagua, alrededor del puente de la carretera Pto. Ayacucho-Samariapo, 10 Jan 1978, fl., O. Huber 1406 (MO); Dept. Átures, Puerto Ayacucho, end of road from airport to Rio Orinoco, gallery forest along river, 4 Apr 1984, fl., T. Plowman 13473 (F); Puerto Ayacucho, seasonally inundated forest at edge of Raudales del Orinoco, behind Pto. Ayacucho airport, sandy beach and adjacent laja, 5°39'36.0"N, 67°39'36.0"W, 100 m, 3 Apr 1984, fl., A.H. Gentry 46267 (MO); Rio Casiquiare, entre Piedra Guachapita y Curimacare, 2°00'00.0"N, 66°19'48.0"W, 150 m, 16 Jan 1987, fl., B. Stergios 9778 (MO); Rio Orinoco, caño Morocoto below San Fernando de Atabapo, 03°40'41"N, 67°14'15"W, 26 Mar 1974, fl., A.H. Gentry 10943 (MO). Apure: La Ceiba, between Rio Borgue and El Jordan, 7 km E de la Ceiba, 16 km E del Jordan, 350 m, 6 Apr 1968, fl., J.A. Steyermark 101948 (K); locally frequent along Rio Cinaruco for 20 km above las Galeras de Cinaruco, 24 Jan 1956, fl., J.J. Wurdack s.n. (JBRJ, RB); San Fernando, mouth of Rio Arauca at Rio Orinoco, 7°24'N, 66°36'W, 35 m, 14 May 1977, fl., G. Davidse 13198 (MO). Bolívar: Dpto. de Atures, Territorio Federal Amazonas, bosque humedo del rio Cataniapo, cercano a la desembocadura con el rio Orinoco, 6°24'36.0"N, 67°24'36.0"W, 37 m, 15 Feb 1983, fl., A. Castillo 1604 (MO); Moitaco, Distrito Sucre, rebalse del Orinoco, Hato Curumutopo, 11 Sept 1963, fl., fr., G. Martino 18 (MO, NY); Rio Orinoco, frequent on rocky outcrops on Isla Sta. Elena, opposite mouth of Rio Pargueni, 80 m, 13 Dec 1955, fl., J.J. Wurdack 39860 (K); Rio Parhueña, near Rio Pargueña, 38–40 km N of Puerto Ayacucho, 6°21'00.0"N, 67°09'36.0"W, 100 m, 30 June 1975, fr., A.H. Gentry 14686 (US, MO). Delta Amacuro: Depto. Antonio Diaz, Cano Atoiba, 9°15'N, 60°57'W, 50 m, 19 Oct 1977, fl., J.A. Steyermark 114985 (MO); Depto. Antonio Diaz, Cano Joba-Suburu, 8°59'N, 61°00'W, 50 m, 21 Oct 1977, fl., fr., J.A. Steyermark 115147 (MO); Rio Amacuro, between Amacuro and mouth of Deadwater Creak Moat, 8°31'12.0"N, 60°28'12.0"W, 65 m, 7 Nov 1960, fr., J.A. Steyermark 87341 (MO); Ibid., between Amacuro and mouth of Deadwater Creek Moat, 8°31'12.0"N, 60°28'12.0"W, 65 m, 7 Nov 1960, fl., J.A. Steyermark 87347 (MO).