Neotypification of Clytostoma sciuripabulum Hovel.

Abstract A neotype is designated for Clytostoma sciuripabulum the basionym of Bignonia sciuripabulum, the presently accepted name of the species.


Introduction
Revision of the species of Bignoniaceae for 'Flora Argentina' identified the need for a new typification for the basionym of Bignonia sciuripabulum. This is a South American species with a wide distribution, occurring in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Northern Argentina (Lohmann and Taylor 2014: 422).

Material and methods
Specimens (digital images) kept at K and P were examined on JSTOR Global Plants (2016). Some digital images were obtained from the source herbaria: C and S. The specimens were carefully analysed taking into account the protologues. The articles cited through the text follow the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Melbourne Code (McNeill et al. 2012). Herbaria acronyms follow Thiers (2017).

Historical remarks and typification
The specific epithet "sciuripabulum" was used for the first time by K. Schumann (1894: 224) who published the binomial Arrabidaea sciuripabulum (Bureau) K.Sch. This name (a nomen nudum, see Art. 38.2 Ex.1) is not valid since it has no diagnosis, it is mentioned in a paragraph about the genus Cydista which states that the species is related to Cydista difficilis.
Two years later, Bureau and K. Schumann (1896: 149) published the name Clytostoma sciuripabulum with a detailed diagnosis and description. The only gathering mentioned was J.C. de Mello 22, collected in Brasilia, Sao Paulo, prope Campinas. Nine specimens of this collection have been located, kept in C, K, P and S, with different dates or not dated (Table 1). According to Art. 8.2, these specimens are syntypes.
Recently, Lohmann (2008: 272 as 'sciuripabula') transferred Clytostoma sciuripabulum to the genus Bignonia. Lohmann and Taylor (2014: 422) cited as holotype a specimen non extant at Berlin: Brasil, São Paulo, prope Campinas, 20 IX 1867, Joaquim Correia de Méllo 22 (B †). The label data provided by Lohmann and Taylor (l.c.) belong to the sample C10021684 (a duplicate donated by S, identified by K.Schumann as Clytostoma sciuripabulum Bur.), reproduced in F photo neg. 22132. At S, there are two specimens with the same collection date: S15-37635 with a note written in Portuguese by Correia de Mello, stating that he had coined for this plant the genus Pithecoxanium, but it was not used because Miers had previously created the genus Clytostoma (Figure 1 -left) and S15-37638.
Ulloa Ulloa (2016) detected that the name Clytostoma sciuripabulum had been validly published first by Hovelacque (1888: 214). This author published anatomical research about the vegetative organs of Bignoniaceae and other families. Concerning the Bignoniaceae, only the stems and leaves were studied. There is only a brief morphological description of these organs and Hovelacque stated that he had never observed tendrils in Clytostoma (page 284). It seems that Hovelacque was not intending to describe a new species, he was only using a name provided most probably by Bureau. Nevertheless, according to Art. 38.1(a), his publication is valid and IPNI (2016) qualified Bureau and Schumann's name as an isonym; the valid combination cited is: Bignonia sciuripabulum (Hovel.) Lohmann (2008: 272).
In the introduction to his work, Hovelacque stated that he used material he cultivated or collected in different regions of France and also material provided largely by the Faculté des Sciences de Lille (LILLE), Institut Botanique de Liége (LG), Bruxelles Botanical Garden (BR) and Muséum de Paris (P).
Information has been requested about Clytostoma sciuripabulum from the institutions mentioned by Hovelacque and the response was that there is no material at the herbaria LILLE and LG, while at BR there are only some specimens collected in the 20 th century. At the herbarium P, there are 6 specimens collected in the 19 th century: P02885030 (Venezuela, Funck & Schlim 962), P02885031 (Paraguay, Hassler 4503), P02885034 (Brazil, Saint Hilaire) and 3 specimens of Mello 22. Since Hovelacque acknowledged his gratitude to Bureau in the introduction to his work and the only collection cited by Bureau and Schumann (1896) is Mello 22, it is assumed that Bureau (author of the specific epithet) had not studied the other samples.
All things stated, no original material studied by Hovelacque is extant, and there is material available for the lectotypification purpose. As a consequence, a neotype should be selected that matches Hovelacque's description (Art. 9.7). Amongst the specimens of Mello 22 found, listed in Table 1, the only one without tendrils is S15-37634 (Figure 1-right), so it is here designated as the neotype of Clytostoma sciuripabulum Hovel.