Corresponding author: Gülnur Ekşi (
Academic editor: C. Morden
Ekşi G, Koyuncu M, Özkan AMG (2016)
The genus Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
Following the results of recent molecular investigations,
Turkey has approximately 190
Turkey has four reasons for having an exceptionally rich flora. First, it is the meeting point of three phytogeographical regions, the Euro–Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano–Turanian regions. Second, Anatolia (Asian part of Turkey) is a passageway and a migration route between Southern Europe and the flora of South–West Asia allowing the penetration of Asiatic elements into South Europe. Third, many taxa have their center of origin and/or center of diversity in Anatolia. Fourth, the endemism ratio is high, presumably connected with the climatic and topographical diversity of the country (
During the revision of the treatment of
The overall morphology of the new species was examined by stereo binocular microscope (Leica Zoom 2000). For morphological comparisons, we consulted dry herbarium material kept in AEF, ANK, E, GAZI, and ISTE (acronyms according to
Distribution map of
Main differences between
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Outer bulb tunics | membranous | membranous | membranous | reticulate-fibrous |
Stem | erect | curved | almost erect | erect |
Leaves | densely scabrid | glabrous | densely scabrid | glabrous or almost glabrous |
Bracteoles | solitary at the base of each pedicel | outer ones with united |
outer ones with united |
outer ones with united |
Pedicel surface | papillose | smooth | scabrid near the base of perianth | smooth |
Outer tepal | densely papillose, keeled | verrucose–scabrid, straight | loosely bearded with long white papillae at whole surface, keeled | loosely bearded with long white papillae just on the midvein, keeled |
Inner tepal | papillose, 5–7 × 2.5 mm, equal to outer tepal | smooth, c. 4 × 2 mm, distictly longer than outer tepal | smooth, 7–10 × 3 mm, almost equal to outer tepal | loosely bearded with long white papillae just on the midvein, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, equal to outer tepal |
Diagnostic characters for
Turkey. Elazığ: Fırat University, steppe, c. 1150 m, 02.07.1983,
Bulb ovoid, 0.7–1.2 × 1-1.5 cm; outer tunics membranous, brownish, ± breaking into parallel fibres; inner tunics white; bulblets absent. Stem 15–35 cm, curved, often purplish below. Leaves 2–3, linear, 1–2 mm broad, flat, shorter than scape, sheathing lower ½ of stem. Umbel globose–subglobose, 1.5–3 cm diameter, dense, 20-60 flowered. Spathe caducous. Pedicels smooth, unequal, not elongating in fruit; up to 2.5 × perigon; bracteoles present, united at the base of outer pedicels, splitting into several lobes at apex, c. 5 mm. Perigon ovoid, campanulate; tepals purple, pale pink; outer tepals straigth, 5 × c. 3.5 mm, obovoid, verrucose–scabrid, acute–subacute, obtus at apex; inner tepals c. 4 × 2 mm, narrowly oblong, smooth, obtus at apex. Stamens included; filaments ciliate at base; inner flaments 4 × 2 mm; median cusps c. 1 mm, slightly shorter than lateral cusps (c. 1.5 mm); basal lamina c. 3 mm, 3 times longer than median cusps. Anther 1 mm, yellow. Pistil c. 3–5 mm; style c. 1–2 mm; ovary c. 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, ovoid, smooth. Capsule 4 × 3.5 mm, ovoid; valves emarginate–bilobate at apex; seed 3 × 1.5 mm, black.
The species is named in honor of the eminent Turkish botanist Prof. Dr. Tuna Ekim, who dedicated his life to Turkish Flora, was retired from İstanbul University.
The distribution of
Following the criteria established by IUCN (
1 | Outer perianth segments loosely bearded at whole surface or along midvein with long white papillae, pale pink, more intensely pink at tip |
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– | Outer perianth segments not bearded on whole surface or along midvein |
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2 | Perigon 7–10 mm; outer tunics membranous; leaves scabrid; pedicels scabrid near the base of perianth; outer tepal loosely bearded with long white papillae at whole surface; inner tepal smooth |
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– | Perigon 4–5 mm; outer tunics reticulate fibrose; leaves glabrous or almost glabrous; pedicels smooth; outer tepal loosely bearded with long white papillae just on the midvein; inner tepal bearded on the midvein |
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3 | Stem erect; involucre–like structure absent; outer tepal keeled, surface densely papillose; inner tepal surface scarcely papillose; leaves densely scabrid; pedicels densely papillose; bulblets numerous |
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– | Stem curved; involucre–like structure present; outer tepal not keeled, surface verrucose–scabrid; inner tepal surface glabrous; leaves glabrous; pedicels smooth; bulblets ± present |
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The capital letters and the numbers in bold after species names represent the Grid classification system (
We would like to thank Dr. Sabina Knees for help in improving to manuscript. This study is financially supported by the Edinburgh Botanic Garden (SIBBALD) Trust and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK). We also would like to thank to AEF, ANK, E, GAZI, ISTE and NGBB herbaria for their kind support.