Research Article |
Corresponding author: Rıza Binzet ( rbinzet@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev
© 2016 Rıza Binzet.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Binzet R (2016) Onosma anatolica, a new species of Boraginaceae from Turkey. PhytoKeys 69: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.69.8360
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Onosma anatolica Binzet, is described and illustrated as a new species from Niğde province in southern Anatolia, Turkey. It belongs to sect. Onosma subsect. Asterotricha (Boiss.) Gürke. The new species is closely related to Onosma subulifolia Riedl from which it is distinguished. O. anatolica is readily distinguished from O. subulifolia by its sterile shoots, the green-grey stem indumentum, longer bracts, yellow and puberulous petals. The IUCN threat category of O. anatolica is determined as “CR (Critically Endangered)”. A distribution map and anidentification key for O. anatolica and O. subulifolia supplement the study.
Boraginaceae , Onosma , Endemic, Niğde, Turkey
The family Boraginaceae s.s. comprise some 1600 species (
The genus Onosma L. (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae) is one of the largest in the Boraginaceae and includes about 230 species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region, southwest Asia, and temperate Europe (
During a field trip in June 2011, some interesting Onosma specimens were collected from the Niğde province in Southern Anatolia. The few plants gathered in 2011 were complemented by collection conducted in June 2015 from the same site. Detailed morphological studies indicated that the population of Onosma from the Niğde province represent a hitherto unknown species related to O. subulifolia. This species is described here as new to science bringing the total number of the species known from Turkey to 104.
Specimens of Onosma anatolica were collected by the author during three field excursions in Niğde province in June 2011 and June 2015. Totally 8 herbarium specimens were collected from one locality and deposited in
For pollen studies using LM, grains were taken from fresh and herbarium materials prepared according to the Wodehouse methods (
Taxa | Pollen shape P/E | P [µm] | E [µm] | plg [µm] | plt [µm] | clg [µm] | clt [µm] | Ex [µm] | i [µm] | t [µm] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O. anatolica | prolate 1.35 | 17.31 | 12.76 | 2.90 | 3.02 | 12.76 | 2.95 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 5.93 |
Morphological characters of Onosma subulifera used in this paper for comparation were obtained from relevant taxonomic literature (
Turkey, C5 Niğde: Çamardı, 2 km South of Demirkazık village, subalpine community with dwarf shrub and thorn-cushion, 1760 m, limestone, 22 June 2015, 37°50'47"N, 35°05'32"E, Binzet 201501 (holotype:
Onosma anatolica is related to O. subulifolia especially by its habit, calyx and corolla length. However, the new species differs mainly in its sterile shoots; a green-grey stem with adpressed setose trichomes, the setae arising from short stellate hairy and shortly hairy (not bluish-black, otherwise glabrous as in O. subulifolia); sterile rosette leaves and basal leaves -50 × 1–1,5(-1.8) mm, revolute-subulate; cauline leaves -20 × 1–1.5(-1.8) mm, (as opposed to 15–32 × 1.5(-1.8) mm in O. subulifolia); an inflorescence of 1–2 cymes, sometimes elongated after flowering (not short subcapitate); flower bracts 8–15 × 1–2 mm, the apex acute (as opposed to 7–8 mm, apex lingulate in O. subulifolia); pedicel 1–2 mm (not 1–1.5 mm); calyx 6–8 mm in flower, 8–12 mm in fruit, suboblate in shape, patent strigose on ±tubercles and shortly hairy on the outside and rarely hairy on the inside (as opposed to 10–11 mm, subobtuse, and hispid in O. subulifolia); corolla yellow, clavate, puberulous, lobes 1 mm long, 1.7 mm wide at base, widely triangular (as opposed to white, clavate-campanulate, glabrous, lobes short, acute in O. subulifolia); and nutlets 3–3.5 × 2–2.3 mm, short beaked, grey.
Perennial rhizomatous herb, rhizome divided into several, ca. 8 mm diameter, subterranean, creeping branches. Aerial stems up to 12 cm tall(including inflorescence), ca. 1(-1.5) mm in diameter, green to grey, covered by adpressed setose, setae arising from short stellate trichomes, shortly hairy, sterile rosette to 5 cm. Leaves crowded at base, leaves of the sterile rosette and basal leaves -50×1–1.5 (-1.8) mm, acute, revolute-subulate, adpressed setose, setae arising from stellate trichomes (asterotrichous state). Cauline leaves -20×1–1.5(-1.8) mm, acute, indistinct revolute-subulate, upper surface covered by densely adpressed setae arising from stellate hairy and sparsely adpressed setose, setae arising from stellate hairy on lower surfaces. Upper cauline leaves resembling lower ones, but smaller in size. Inflorescence of 1–2 cymes, forming a short subcapitate cluster, sometimes elongating after flowering. Flower bracts 8–15 × 1–2 mm, linear-subulate, abruptly narrowed and tapering towards an acute apex, ± patent setose with stellate trichomes and tubercles. Pedicels 1–2 mm. Calyx 6–8 mm in flower, 8–12 mm in fruit, free to base, lobes narrowly linear, suboblate densely covered with patent strigose on ± tubercles and shortly hairy on the outside and rarely hairy on the inside. Corolla yellow, 15–18 mm, clavate, puberulous, reflexed lobes 5, 1 mm long, 1.7 mm wide at base, widely triangular, acute, annulus glabrous. Anthers included, linear, ca. 6 mm, sagittate, connate at base, included or sterile tips exerted. Filaments ca. 5 mm. Style 3–5 mm protruding outside the corolla limb, stigma small, distinctly bilobed. Nutlets 3–3.5×2–2.3 mm, shortly beaked, grey. Pollen grains heteropolar, shape prolate P/E(Polar axis/Equatorial axis) ratio 1.35.
The species epithet anatolica refers to Anatolia, the Asian part of Turkey.
Onosma anatolica is distributed in southern Anatolia (Niğde) and grows in subalpine dwarf shrub and thorn-cushion communities. The geological substrat is limestone and the new species occurs only between 1700 and 1800 m. The species belongs to the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Species growing in close proximity to the vew species are: Astragalus angustifolius subsp. angustifolius, Euphorbia kotcchyana Fenzl. Bromus cappadocicus Boiss. et Bal. Marrubium heterodon (Benth.) Boiss. & Balansa, Poa bulbosa L., Bromus tectorum L., Centaurea pseudoreflexa Hayek, Centaurea chrysantha Wagenitz, Astragalus sp. Sideritis libanotica Labill. subsp. Linearis (Bentham). Bornm., Anthemis sp., Galium incanum SM., Convolvulus compactus Boiss., and Alyssum aureum (Fenzl.) Boiss. Phytosociologically the community where the new species occurs can be grouped into Astragalo-Brometea Quézel 1973 class and Astragalo-Brometalia Quézel 1973 order (
Onosma anatolica is hitherto known only from the type locality, and its estimated area of occupancy is less than 50 km2. Moreover, the area is subjected to heavy grazing pressure. Because of its localized distribution, small population size and grazing pressure, it should be considered as ‘Critically Endangered (CR)” according to the IUCN criteria A3 and B2 (
Type locality, 10 June 2011, Binzet 201122 (Mersin University).
Onosma subulifolia: Turkey A5 Sinop: after Kargı, 250 m, Tobey 2625, 11 May 1969 (holotype, E 00022534, photo).
Flowering from May to June, setting fruit until late July.
Pollen grains are heteropolar, trisyncolporate and subprolate. Exine surface of the grains is insular. The insulae have free scabrae and the scabrae are widely spaced. The average means of the number of scabrae in each insulae range from 6 to 15. The main palynological characters and SEM micrographs of O. anatolica are presented in Table
Nutlet size shows some variations, Nutlets 3–3.5×2–2.3 mm, shortly beaked, and grey. Nutlet surface ornamentation is rugose and characterized by the epidermal cells of the nutlet surface having small or fine wrinkles (Fig.
The holotype of Onosma subulifolia: Tobey 2615, 11 May 1969 (E 00022534); image available at website: Source: http://elmer.rbge.org.uk/bgbase/vherb/bgbasevherb.php
1 | Bracts 7–8 mm, calyx 10–11 mm, corolla white, clavate-campanulate, glabrous. | O. subulifolia |
– | Bracts 8–15 mm, calyx 6–12 mm, corolla yellow, clavate, puberulous | O. anatolica |
Onosma anatolica belongs to Onosma sect. Asterotricha subsect. and it is distributed in Southern Anatolia (Niğde) and grows on the steppe and rocky pastures. It is an element belong to the Irano-Turanian floristic region. It shows some affinity to O. subulifolia which is placed in the same subsection and can be easily distinguished from that species by its sterile shoots; green-grey stem with adpressed setose trichomes, the setae arising from stellate hairy and shortly hairy, sterile rosette leaves and basal leaves -50 × 1–1.5(-1.8) mm; revolute-subulate, cauline leaves -20 × 1–1.5(-1.8) mm; bracts 8–15 × 1–2 mm; calyx 6–8 mm in flower, 8–12 mm in fruit, suboblate, patent strigose on ±tubercles and shortly hairy on the outside, rarely hairy on the inside; yellow corolla, clavate, puberulous, nutlets 3–3.5 × 2–2.3 mm in size, short beaked, grey. Details of the differences between O. anatolica and O. subulifolia are presented in Table
The morphological differences between Onosma anatolica and O. subulifolia.
O. subulifolia | O. anatolica | |
---|---|---|
Stem | Bluish-black, adpressed setose, otherwise glabrous. | Green-grey, woody at base, adpressed setose with stellate hairy and shortly hairy. |
Leaves | 15–32 × 1–1.5(-1.8) mm, involute-subulate, densely adpressed setose. | Sterile rosette and basal leaves -50 × 1–1.5(-1.8) mm, revulate-subulate, adpressed setose with stellate hairy. Cauline leaves -20 × 1–1.5(-1.8) mm, indistinct revulate-subulate, densely covered, adpressed setose with stellate hairs on upper surfaces and sparsely adpressed setose with stellate hairs on lower surfaces. |
Inflorescence | Short subcapitate | Cymes 1–2, short subcapitate, sometimes elongated after flowering. |
Bracts | 7–8 mm, flat, apex lingulate. | 8–15 × 1–2 mm, linear-subulate, abruptly narrowed and tapering towards an acute apex, ±patent setose, stellate and tuberculate. |
Pedicel | -1–1.5 mm | 1–2 mm |
Calyx | 10–11 mm, lobes narrowly linear, subobtuse, hispid. | 6–8 mm in flower, 8–12 mm in fruit, lobes narrowly linear suboblate, patent strigose on ± tubercles and shortly hairy on outside and rarely hairy on inside. |
Corolla | White, clavate-campanulate, glabrous, lobes short, acute. | Yellow, clavate, puberolous, lobes 1 mm long, 1.7 mm wide at base, widely triangular. |
Nutlets | Unknown | 3–3.5 × 2–2.3 mm, shortly beaked, grey. |
I would like to thank the SEM laboratory of Mersin University (MEİTAM) for helping me with the SEM studies.