Research Article |
Corresponding author: Murat Koç ( bozokmuratkoc@yahoo.com ) Academic editor: Alice Calvente
© 2016 Murat Koç, Ergin Hamzaoğlu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Koç M, Hamzaoğlu E (2016) Eremogone ali-gulii (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey. PhytoKeys 61: 93-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.61.7082
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Eremogone ali-gulii (Caryophyllaceae) is described as a new species of Eremogone in Turkey. The specimens were collected from Kop Mountain (Erzurum). The new species is endemic of the Irano-Turanian region and is related to Eremogone scariosa and E. armeniaca. The differences on sterile shoots, habit, sepals and capsules between these species are discussed. Description, distribution, illustration and conservation status of the new species are given.
New species, Eremogone , Taxonomy, Turkey
Caryophyllaceae is a very large family mainly found in the northern hemisphere and includes 88 genera and 3000 species (
Eremogone was described by Fenzl in 1833, then it was later described as a subgenus of Arenaria by Fenzl in 1842. Molecular phylogenetic studies carried out in recent years suggest that species previously placed in Arenaria subgen. Eremogone (approximately 70 species), Arenaria subgen. Eremogoneastrum Williams (22 species) and Minuartia subgen. Spergella (Fenzl) McNeill (3 species) comprise the genus Eremogone (
Authors collected Eremogone specimens from Kop mountain (Erzurum) during a project (KBAG-113Z260-TUBITAK) to revise Turkey Minuartia taxa (Caryophyllaceae). These specimens were compared with related species or photographs in the herbaria of E,
This study is based on literature and field observations of living plants. The materials were examined using an Olympus SZ61 microscope. Mature seeds were collected from capsules of the holotype. Measurement of vegetative characters was made with a ruler accurate to 0,5 mm and floral characters were measured with an ocular micrometre.
TURKEY, Erzurum province, between Bayburt and Aşkale, Kop mountain, 40°00'N-040°32'E, 2150 m, serpentine stony slopes, 24 June 2014, Koç 1723 & Hamzaoğlu (holotype
Tufted, perennial herb. Stems erect or ascending, 10–18 cm long and 0.7–0.9 mm in diameter, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent above. Rosette leaves setaceous, 1.5–2.5 cm, fasciculate; stem leaves linear-setaceous, 0.6–15 × 0.5–0.8 mm, smooth, glabrous, 3–5 pairs, apex acute to acuminate, leaf sheath membranous, 0.1–0.2 mm, glabrous. Bracts oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, glandular hairy, obscurely 3-nerved, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences usually terminal, 3–10-flowered, panicles, the peduncles and pedicels sparsely to densely glandular-puberulent; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 4–6 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex setaceous-acuminate, margins scarious never extending right to the tip; pedicels 1–4 mm long. Flower sepals oblong-lanceolate, 2.8–4.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm, glabrous, obscurely veined, membranous at the base, scarious above, the apex obtuse to acute; petals white, linear-oblong, 3–5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, slightly longer than sepals, the apex obtuse to acute; stamens 10, the filaments 2–3.5 mm long; styles 3, more or less erect, 1.5–2 mm long; staminal glands deeply bifurcate, appearing as 10, distinct, alternating with the stamens. Capsules 2.5–4 × 0.8–1.2 mm, ovoid to elongate-ovoid, glabrous, opening by 6 recurved teeth, containing only a few seeds. Seeds 1.9–2.4 mm long, oblong, tuberculate on the rim and the sides with low, elongate tubercles, black to dark brown. Flowering in June and July.
Eremogone ali-gulii grows on serpentine, which is the most widespread of the non-calcareous soils in between the cities of Erzurum and Erzincan in Turkey. It occurs in stony slopes habitat with Achillea biebersteinii Afan, Pimpinella rhodantha Boiss., Inula heterolepis Boiss., Arenaria pseudoacantholimon Bornm., Arenaria serpyllifolia L., Dianthus crinitus var. crossopetalus Boiss., Helichrysum plicatum subsp. polyphyllum (Ledeb.) Davis & Kupicha.
The species is currently known from two populations: in the location of Kop mountain in Erzurum and another location between Erzurum-Erzincan, around Karasu village. Both populations are vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. Informal grazing and land-use changes could have a detrimental impact in the future. On the basis of IUCN red list categories and criteria (IUCN 2012), Eremogone ali-gulii covers an area (AOO) of about 300 km2. The new species is here assessed as Endangered [EN, B2ab(iii)].
The species is named in honour of the eminent Turkish hydrobiologist Prof. Dr. Ali Gül (Gazi Faculty of Education, Gazi University, Ankara).
The specimens introduced here as the new species in this study were collected from Erzurum province, Kop mountain. At first glance, these specimens resemble Eremogone armeniaca and E. scariosa. Yet, comprehensive studies that were subsequently carried out revealed that they belonged to a new species.
Eremogone ali-gulii is similar to a group of five Irano-Turanian Eremogone species previously placed in Arenaria sect. Scariosae by McNeil (1967): 2 from Northern Iran - E. polycnemifolia (Boiss.) Holub and E. zargariana (Parsa) Holub; and 3 species from eastern Turkey - E. armeniaca, E. scariosa and E. pseudoacantholimon (Bornm.) Holub. All of them share spiny or setaceous leaves, coriaceous or scarious sepals, and petals of similar size. Eremogone ali-gulii is more similar to E. armeniaca and E. scariosa due to the scarious margins of the sepals never extending right to the tip and to the deeply bifurcate staminal glands, appearing as 10, distinct, alternating with the stamens (
Diagnostic characters of Eremogone ali-gulii compared with other similar species.
Characters | E. ali-gulii | E. armeniaca | E. scariosa |
---|---|---|---|
Habit | tufted | suffruticose | suffruticose |
Stem | 10–18 cm long | 20–30 cm long | 10–20 cm long |
Rosette leaves | fasciculate | imbricate | imbricate |
Inflorescence | panicle | terminal cluster enclosed by glumaceous bracts | panicle |
Pedicels | 2–4 mm long | 1–2 mm long | 2–6 mm long |
Sepals | 2.8–4.5 mm long, membranous at the base, scarious at the apex | (4.5)6–9 mm long, membranous at the extreme apex | 6–8 mm long, membranous at the base, scarious at the apex |
Petal shape | linear-oblong | oblanceolate | linear-oblong |
Capsule | 3–4 mm long | 4–7 mm long | 5–7 mm long |
1 | Sepals with coriaceous herbaceous median strip, very gradually narrowing to the tip; staminal glands 5, indistinct, at the base of the outer whorl of stamens (Series Polycnemifoliae) | |
– | Sepals with scarious margins never extending right to the tip; staminal glands deeply bifurcate, appearing as 10, distinct, alternating with the stamens (Series Scariosae) | |
2 | Sepals 6–8 mm long; bracts 7–8 mm long | E. zargariana |
– | Sepals 3.5–5.5 mm long; bracts 3–5 mm long | |
3 | Stem leaves 1–2 pairs; rosette leaves 1–2 cm, stiff, aristate; sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals as long as sepals | E. pseudacantholimon |
– | Stem leaves 3–9 pairs; rosette leaves 10–15 cm, not stiff, acute to acuminate; sepals oblong-lanceolate; petals slightly longer than sepals | E. polycnemifolia |
4 | Habit tufted; sterile shoots fasciculate, sepals 2.8–4.5 mm long; capsules 3–4 mm long | E. ali-gulii |
– | Habit suffruticose; sterile shoots imbricate, sepals (4.5)6–9 mm long; capsules 4–7 mm long | |
5 | Inflorescence a terminal cluster enclosed by glumaceous bracts; sepals membranous at the extreme apex; petals slightly longer than sepals | E. armeniaca |
– | Inflorescence paniculate; sepals membranous at the base, scarious above; petals slightly shorter than sepals | E. scariosa |
Eremogone ali-gulii (Paratype), TURKEY - B8 Erzurum: between Erzurum-Erzincan, Karasu village around, 1600 m, 15.06.2007, E.Hamzaoğlu 4662 (Bozok Univ. Herb.!). – Eremogone scariosa (Boiss.) Holub, TURKEY - B5 Bayburt: Between Bayburt and İspir, Karşıgeçit village, 1460 m, 12.07.2009, Koç 589, Ü.Budak and E.Hamzaoğlu (Bozok Univ. Herb.!); Bayburt: SE of Bayburt, 1500-1700 m, 13.06.2002, E.Hamzaoğlu 2960 (Bozok Univ. Herb.!); Bayburt: Between Bayburt and Pazaryolu, 23.06.2002, E.Hamzaoğlu 3009 (Bozok Univ. Herb.!); Gümüşhane: Yukarıalıçlı village, 1500 m, 14.07.2007, E.Hamzaoğlu 4819 and A.Aksoy (Bozok Univ. Herb.!); A7 Gümüşhane: Kovans, ca. 1800 m, 02.08.1957, P.H.Davis and I.C.Hedge (
We wish to thank TÜBİTAK (Project number: KBAG-113Z260) for financial support and the Curators of the Herbaria E,