Scrambling perennial herb ca. 1 m tall, with branches widely spreading at 45–90° angles; stems pale to dark brown, terete, striated, hispid to stiffly puberulous. Leaves opposite; petioles slender, 0.5–2.0 cm long; leaf blades triangular, membraneous, mostly 3.0–5.5 cm long, 2.0–3.5 cm wide, widest near basal 5^th, base obtusely cuneate, margins with 5–10 sharp teeth, apex narrowly acute to slightly acuminate, surfaces puberulous on larger veins, sparsely pilosulous to subglabrous between veins, without glandular dots or hairs; triplinervate from petiole, with main veins brownish. Inflorescence a lax panicle with elongate branches, heads in cymiform clusters at tips of elongate branches; most nodes with foliiform bracts 1.5–2.0 cm long; branches and peduncles densely puberulous, peduncles 3–13 mm long. Heads ca. 7 mm high, 5 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 30 in 3–4 series, basal involucral bracts narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 2–3 mm long, puberulous outside, inner bracts narrowly oblong, with short-acute tips. Florets ca. 17 in a head; corollas violet. ca. 2.5 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 2.2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.6 mm long, narrowly triangular, with numerous monoseriate hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.9 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.2 mm long; style branches slender. Achenes 2.2–2.7 mm long, slightly and narrowly paler on ribs, ribs setuliferous; pappus whitish, of ca. 40 slender contiguous bristles ca. 3 mm long.

Paraguay: Guaira: Cordillera de Ybytyruzú, Cerro Acaté, secondary vegetation on base of mountain along southern side, 25°55'S, 56°15'W, 700 m, herb 1 m, flower pink, 17 Feb. 1989, E. Zardini & R. Velásquez 11100 (FCQ, MO, US); Guaira: Cordillera de Ybytyruzú, road to Polilla, Cerro Acatí, forest, 25°55'S, 56°10'W, 800 m, shrub 1 m, 23 July 1989, E. Zardini & R. Velásquez 13604 (FCQ, MO, US).

The species has previously been reported only from Entre Rios in Argentina. The Paraguay localities are farther up river.

Paraguay: Centralis, in regione lacus Ypacaray, Feb. 1913, Hassler, Plantae Paraguariensis 1913 (holotype US). (Figure 1)

Figure 1. 

Fleischmannia hassleri H.Rob., holotype (US).

Erect or leaning subshrubs to 0.6–1.0 m tall, with internodes 3–5 cm long, longer distally; with branches ascending at less than 45° angles. Leaves opposite, petioles 5–10 mm long; leaf blades triangular with subtruncate to truncate bases, mostly 2–3 cm long, 1.0–1.8 cm wide, smaller at more distal nodes, with ca., 7 teeth on each margin, apex acute, densely puberulous on both surfaces, with numerous small glandular dots abaxially, triplinervate from narrow basal acumination, secondary veins strongly ascending. Inflorescence terminal on slender elongated stems and branches, cymiform with branches ending in small clusters of heads; peduncles 1–3 mm long, densely puberulous; capitula ca. 6 mm high, ca. 4 mm wide before spreading; involucral bracts ca. 22. 1.5–4.0 mm long, 1.0–1.2 mm wide, 1 or 2 basal involucral bracts short and oval, acute, puberulous outside, median and inner bracts stramineous, membranous with scarious margins and tips, blunt, with pair of large longitudinal veins and often weak 3^rd or 4^th veins; florets 17–20 in a capitulum; corollas purple, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm ling, throat ca. 2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long; anther thecae ca. 1 mm long; style branches slender, achenes ca. 1.2 mm long, ribs slightly yellow when submature, smooth except for a few small scabrae; pappus whitish, ca. 3 mm long, with ca. 32 bristles, not broader near the base.

Paratypes: Paraguay. Villamein? common in thickets, Jorgensen 54268 (US). Dept. Cordillera, Compañia Yoypó-jú, disturbed sandy soil, with sandstone outcrops, among herbs, grasses and bushes in abandoned quarry, edge of disturbed forest. 3 March 1985, Bordas 3669 (US). Dept. Central, Nemby (Barrio Industrial, Segunda Etafa) in advancing disturbed forest, in clearings, leaning on other plants. 13 March 1986, Bordas 3750 (US). Dept. Central, border Tavarory-Acosta ñu, creek, affluent of Paraguay River, gallery forest, 25°27'S, 57°32'W, 10 June 1993, E. Zardini & V. Jara 36127 (AS, MO, US). Caaguazú, Feb. 1905, Hassler 9069 (US).

Specimens have usually been determined in the past as Fleischmannia prasiifolia with which it shares many characteristics such as ascending branches, short peduncles in the inflorescence, purple color of the corollas and achenes with somewhat paler ribs. The new species differs by the smaller more densely pubescent leaves and smaller clusters of heads, and it occurs far to the east of the distribution of F. prasiifolia and at generally lower elevations. The presence of minute glandular dots on the abaxial leaf surfaces would also seem to be a distinction, but minute stipitate glands occur in Fleischmannia prasiifolia var. glandulifera as noted in the Bolivian treatment.

Brazil: Mata Grosso, Ribeirão Claro (mun. Alto Araguaía), 17°15'46"S, 53°11'54"W; erva flor alva, orla da matinha as margens de corrego, 1 July 1974, Hatschbach 34659 (holotype MBM, isotype US). (Figure 2)

Figure 2. 

Fleischmannia hatschbachii H.Rob., isotype (US).

Erect herb 0.6–0.7 m tall, stems brownish, terete, striated when dry, hispid with small hairs. Leaves opposite, petioles 0.5–1.0 cm long, puberulous; blades ovate, 2.5–5.0 cm long, 1.0–1.8 cm wide, widest at basal 1/4or 1/3, base obtusely to acutely cuneate, margins bluntly subserrate with 4–6 teeth on each side, apex acute, or slightly blunt at tip, adaxial surface sparsely pilosulous; abaxial surface with prominent pale primary and secondary scabrid veins, areolae glabrous, without evident glandular dots, triplinervate from base with strongly ascending secondary veins. Inflorescence a lax panicle with mostly opposite branches spreading at mostly ca. 45° angles; mostly glabrous; main axis with foliiform bracts 0.6–2.0 cm long and 0.3–1.1 cm wide; branches filiform, peduncles 6–15 mm long, glabrous. Heads ca. 5 mm high, 3 mm wide; Involucral bracts ca. 25 in ca. 4 series, narrowly ovate to narrowly oblong, 1.0–3.5 mm long, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, with broadly scarious obtuse tips; florets ca. 17 in a head; corollas white, ca. 2.3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, with short monoseriate hairs on outer surface; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long; apical appendage ca. 0.3 mm long; style branches not broader at tips. Achenes submature, ca. 1.7 mm long. brownish, ribs slightly paler, setuliferous on ribs; pappus whitish, ca. 2 mm long, of ca. 25 slender scabridulous non-contiguous bristles.

Only the type collection is known.

Fleischmannia hatschbachii is one of two new species from Mato Grosso described here with slender glabrous or nearly glabrous branches of the inflorescence. This species and F. matogrossensis, nevertheless, differ too much in their leaves to be the same species. A third species with glabrous branches of the inflorescence is found farther west in Bolivia, F. neei. That differs by its less slender inflorescence branches, lavender corollas and its more glabrous leaf surfaces.

Plants probably always perennial, scandent or scrambling stems, branches spreading at 65–80° angles. Leaves opposite; petioles 0.5–3.0 cm long; blade narrowly to broadly ovate, mostly 2–5 cm long, 1.5–4.0 cm wide, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 8–12 blunt teeth on each side, apex shortly acuminate, surfaces finely and densely hispidulous, abaxial surface paler, with scattered minute glandular dots; triplinervate from short basal acumination, major veins often pale. Inflorescence laxly branching; peduncles 5–25 mm long, hispid with stipitate glands; heads ca, 6 mm high, 4 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 30 in ca. 4 series, 1–5 mm long, outer narrowly ovate, inner bracts narrowly oblong, inner bracts with green part reaching short-acute apices, scarious margins narrow. Florets ca. 17 in a head; corollas usually lavender or reddish, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, without hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.2 mm long; style branches slender. Achenes 1.5–1.8 mm long, not noticeably paler on ribs, setuliferous on ribs and sometimes on distal surfaces; pappus whitish, of ca. 20–23, slender non-contiguous bristles 2.5–2.8 mm long, not broadened at base, with dense fringe of setulae along margin of callus and between or on bases of bristles.

Brazil: Distrito Federal: Côrrego Samambaia, near Taguatinga, ca. 20 km W of Brasília, elev. 1000 m, Gallery forest, subshrub ca. 1.5 m tall, heads pale lavender, 13 July 1966, H.S. Erwin, J.W. Grear Jr., R. Sousa & R. Reus dos Santos 18196 (NY, UB, US); Distrito Federal: Reserva Ecológica do IBGE. Planta bastante delgada, capítulos alvacententos, beira da mata das nascentes de córrego Taquara, 23 June 1983, B.A.S. Pereira 587 (IBGE, US); Distrito Federal: Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, mata ciliar do córrego Roncador, 15°58'06"S, 47°53'43"W, erva ca. 1.2 m de altura, botão floral de cor verde, flores de cor rosa, 12 June 1989, D. Alvarenga & F.C.A. Oliveira 298 (IBGE, US); Goiás: Alto Paraíso, rod. Para Nova Roma, Pedra Ruim, capítulos alvos, transição campo cerrado-rupestra, 13 June 1993, G. & M. Hatschbach 59488 & Barbosa (MBM, US); Minas Gerais: Est. ecologica UFMG-BHMG, mata, beira da trilha, 13 July 1990, E. Tameirão Neto 85 & Glauco (BHCB 22.876, US); Est. ecologica UFMG-BHMG, cerrado, escandente voluvel, 16 May 1990, E.M. Santos 25 et alii (UFMG, US); Minas Gerais: Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, margens do rio Mato Grande, 15°119'06"S, 45°59'09"W, erva, annual, approx. 60 cm compr., capitulos arroxeados, 29 Apr. 1999, R. Rodrigues-da-Silva, T.S. Filgueras & F.C.A. Oliveira 259 (IBGE, US).

The obvious stipitate glands on the peduncles are distinctive. In Brazil, similar glands are seen elsewhere only in Fleischmannia microstemon var. paniculatum H.Rob. described below.

Shrubs with many opposite, woody branches spreading at ca, 45° angles; stems terete, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioles slender, 0.5–1.2 cm long, blades 1.5–5.0 cm long, 0.5–2.5 cm wide, base truncate to short-acute, margins with numerous jagged teeth, apex narrowly acute to slightly attenuate, surfaces glabrous, triplinervate from slight acumination at petiole, main veins pale. Inflorescence rather diffuse, with single or few heads at tips of leafy branches, slender glabrous peduncles 5–15 mm long, heads ca. 6 mm high; involucral bracts ca. 30, with few lanceolate outer bracts 1.0–1.5 mm long, inner bracts narrowly oblong, to 4 mm long, with mucronate tips; florets ca. 17 in a head; corollas white, ca. 2 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 1 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, without evident hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.2 mm long, style branches slender. Achenes ca. 1.2 mm long, ribs not pale, sparsely setuliferous; pappus white, ca. 2 mm long, of ca. 30 barbellate bristles, obviously broadened and contiguous at base.

Additional specimens seen. Brazil, Santa Catarina. Mun. Lauro Müller, Rod. SC-438, Serra do Rio do Rastro, erva, de capítulos alvos, paredões rochosos, 1000 m, 7 Apr. 1991, G. & M. Hatschbach 55312 & D. Guimarães, (MBM, US); Mun Lauro Müller, Serra Rio do Rastro, capítulos alvos, paredões rochosos úmidos, 18 Apr. 1994, G. Hatschbach 60640 & E. Barbosa (MBM, US); Serra da Rocinha, alto (Mun. Timbé do Syl), ereta, capitulo alvo, paredão roschoso, 13 March 2005, G, Hatschbach, E. Barbosa & E.F. Costa 79122 (MBM, US); Serra do Rio do Rastro (Mun. Lauro Müller), ereta 35 cm, flor alva, Paredão rochoso, alt. 1100–1200 m, 16 March 2005, G. Hatschbach,I E. Barbosa & E.F. Costa 79218 (MBM, US); Serra do Rio do Rastro (Mun. Lauro Müller), arbusto, 80 cm, capitulo alvacento, encosta de paredão úmido, 16 Nov. 2008, J.M. Silva,I J. Cordeiro, C.B. Poliquesi & J. Vaz 7194 (MBM, US).

The specimens seen are all woodier with more regular vegetative branching than most members of the genus Fleischmannia. This is only Brazilian species known with obviously broadened bases on the pappus bristles. The species is presently known only from Santa Catarina.

BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, Area do Cindacta (Mun, Chapada dos Guimarães), 15°27'39"S, 55°45'W Apoiante, capitulo alvo, Orla da mata, 12 VIII 1997, G. Hatschbach, A. Schinini & E. Barbosa 66769 (Holotype MBM, isotype US; see Figure 3).

Figure 3. 

Fleischmannia matogrossensis H.Rob., isotype (US).

Scrambling vines 2 or more meters long, stems brown, striated when dry, densely puberulous below, becoming sparsely pilosulous distally, glabrous in inflorescence. Leaves opposite, petioles 0.5–2.3 cm long, puberulous; blades membranous, broadly ovate, below inflorescence mostly 5–7 cm long, 3.0–4.5 cm wide, widest near basal 5^th, base subtruncate, margins sharply toothed with 12–20 teeth on each side, apex usually gradually narrowly acuminate, adaxial surface subglabrous, abaxial surface concolorous, puberulous on primary and secondary veins, glabrous between, with scattered minute glandular dots, triplinervate from petiole. Inflorescence a lax pyramidal panicle with slender opposite branches spreading at 45–80° angles, main axis with foliiform bracts up to 3 cm long, with 5–8 serrations on each margin; branching laxly cymiform distally; peduncles filiform, mostly 8–12 mm long, glabrous. Heads ca. 6 mm high and 3–4 mm wide, with ca. 25 bracts in 4–5 series, mostly stramineous, outer bracts ovate, 1–2 mm long, inner bracts narrowly oblong to linear-oblong, to 4.5 mm long, 0.8–1.0 mm wide, with scarious margins and obtuse scarious tips; receptacle scarcely convex. Florets ca. 17 in a head; corollas white, ca. 2.5 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes ca. 0.45 mm long; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.3 mm long. Achenes ca. 1.8 mm long, black at maturity, with short setulae on ribs; pappus white, ca. 2 mm long, with ca. 25 scabridulous bristles, scarcely broadened near base, not or scarcely contiguous.

The species is known only from the type collection. In general habit, the species seems closest to Fleischmannia laxa, but it has no stipitate glands on the branches of the inflorescence as seen in the latter species, the leaves are not densely hispidulous with margins more sharply toothed and the involucral bracts are less pointed with more broadly scarious margins.

Erect annual herbs to 1 m tall, with slender, strongly ascending branches which often overtop the main axis; stems yellowish green to brown, puberulous. Leaves mostly opposite, alternate distally; petioles slender, usually 0.8–4.0 cm long; leaf blades membranaceous, broadly rhombic-ovate, mostly 2.0–3.7 cm long, 1.4–3.0 cm wide, base acuminate at petiole, margins crenate with 7–14 teeth on each side, apex usually short-acute, adaxially sparsely pilose, abaxially pilosulous on veins, with glandular dots; triplinervate from margins of basal acumination. Inflorescence lax cymose panicles with ascending branches, with many shorter lateral branches proximally; peduncles 2–7 mm long, slender typically puberulous. Heads ca. 4 mm high; involucral bracts 15–22 in 3–4 series, 1.5–3.8 mm long, outer narrowly acute, sparsely puberulous, inner bracts broad and mostly scarious at tip, apex apiculate. Florets 20–35 in a head; corollas lavender to white, 2.0–2.2 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes ca. 0.2 mm long, without hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.7 mm long; style branches narrowly linear. Achenes 1.3–1.5 mm long, ribs persistently yellow, ribs and distal faces setuliferous; pappus white, of ca. 20 slender not or scarcely contiguous bristles ca. 2 mm long.

Brazil, Bahia, Ilhéus, ns área do CEPEC, Plants de 70 cm de altura, flores azuladas, invólucru verde, N.V. Cordão de Ouro, 21.10.1977, T.S. Santos 3151 (holotype CEPEC, isotype US). (Figure 4).

Figure 4. 

Fleischmannia microstemon var. paniculata H.Rob., isotype (US).

?Eupatorium paniculatum Schrad., Ind. Sem. Hort. Acad. Gott. 2. 1832; Linnaea 8, Litt. 26. 1833, hom. illeg., non Miller 1768. Photo from G-DC. Herbarium seen.

With the habit of the typical variety, but differing by the rather abrupt short acuminatie tips on leaf blades, stipitate glands on the peduncles and branches of the inflorescence, and by the not or scarcely paler ribs on the submature achenes.

Brazil: Bahia, 1842, Glocker no 18 (BM, US); Bahia, forests of the Rio Grongogy Basin, alt. 100–500 m, 1 Oct.–30 Nov. 1915, H.M. Curran 147 (US); Paraiba do Norte, Areias; Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste, herva colluda em logares relativamente umidos, 9–3-1947, J.de Moraes Vase 17 (RB, US); Pernambuco, Tapera, at wet shady border of a thicket, 26 July 1931, D.B. Pickel s.n. (LCU, US).

The variety is evidently restricted to areas near the coast of northestern Brazil. The locality in Bahia and the shape of the leaf blades as seen in the photograph of the G-DC specimen make it almost certain the Schrader nom. illeg. represents this same variety. While there is no nomenclatural requirement for perpetuating the Schrader name it has been decided to do so.

Brazil. Minas Geraes near Mariannum, Vauthier 259 (lectotype G-DC).

Specimens are usually described as vines. Stems have branches usually spreading at ca. 90° angles. The leaves have mostly 9 to 14 blunt or sharp teeth on each margin, and vary from ovate with acute apices to narrowly ovate or lanceolate with narrowly acuminate apices. Inflorescence with elongate panicle with widely spreading branches, heads closely clustered at ends of branches; peduncles 2–6 mm long, puberulous. Heads ca. 7 mm high, 4–5 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 22 in ca. 4 series; all bracts with acute to acuminate tips, 2–6 mm long, outer bracts narrowly ovate, inner bracts narrowly oblong. Corollas are rather consistently described as white, but sometimes lavender, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.4 mm long, glabrous outside; anther thecae ca. 0.9 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.25 mm long; style branches broadened distally. Achenes ca. 2 mm long, not paler on ribs, weakly setuliferous on ribs; pappus whitish, of ca. 35 bristles ca. 3 mm long, slightly broadened and contiguous at base, often detaching in groups.

Brazil: Bahia: mun. Arataca, Serra das Lontras 9.0 km WNW of Itatinguí on Fazenda road, then on trail over mountain ridge to Dazenda Cairo, 15°11'53"S, 39°23'50"W, 530–630 m, disturbed southern Bahian moist forest, fallen liana, mostly leafless, involucre olive, heads white, 15 Sept. 2004, W.W. Thomas, A.M. Amorim, J.G. Jardim, S. Sant’Ana & J.L. Paixão 14062 (NY, US). Bahia-Espirito-Santo: Vale do Rio Mucurí, ao lado de Rodovia BR 101, mata de terra firme, planta e 2 m de altura, capítulos brancos, involucro verde, 16 July 1968, R.P. Belem, 3873 (CEPLAC, NY, US); Espirito Santo, Macuco, Reserva de Scoratama, mata alagadiça de palmetto, ca.70 cm de alt,, ramos herbaceous e decumbentes, semi-umbrofila, capitulos roseo-cloros, 16 Aug. 1969, D. Grew 5642 (RB, US); Espirito Santo: Rod. BR-262 (mun. Ihatiba, erva de flor alva, capoeira, local sombrio, úmido, 21 July 1982, G. Hatschbach 45185 & C. Guimarães (MBM, US); Espírito Santo, São Bento de Urâmia, rodovia para Castelinho (mun. Alfredo Chaves), apoiante, capítulos lilás, Orla da mata plubial de solo arenoso, alt. 900 m, 8 Oct. 1994, G. & M. Hatschbach 61153 & S.M. Silva (MBM, US); Espirito Santo: Reserva Florestal de Linhare, Linhares, km. 1.5, Aceiro com Ceolin, Vatzea periodicimente inundável, Rastejante, herbáceo, flor branco, exudação seiva, incolor, common name Arnica falsa, 29 July 1998, D.A. Folli 3203 No. registro 5955 (CVRD, US); Minas Gerais: Caldas, 1845, Widgren 187 S, US); Minas Gerais: 18 July 1862, Regnell I232 (S, US); Minas Gerais: Agricultural College lands, Chacha Valley, tangle on overgrown eastern slope, scandent shrub 2.5 m high, with long branches, white flower, infrequent, 30 June 1930, Ynes Mexia 4818 (US); Minas Gerais: Viscosa, Fazenda de Faziuma, forest on slope, in partial shade, alt. 700 m, suffrutescent, scandent, 1.5 m high, white flower with pungent fragrance, occasional. 8 Sept. 1930, Ynes Mexia 4944 (US); Minas Gerais, Distrito Ilheu, Fazenda da Tabunha, trail to Capichava, in partial shade in cut-over woods, vine climbing 3 m high, flower white, agreeably pungent odor, alt. 210 m, 30 Aug. 1930, Ynes Mexia 5019 (US); Rio de Janeiro: alt. 21 ft?, Miers 3719 (BM, US); Minas Gerais: Mata, Serra do Curral, mun, de Belo Horizonte, pouco frequente, flores alvas, arbusto semiescandente, 25 July 1942, M. Magalhães 3304 (SP, US); Minas Gerais: Parque Nacional do Cachoeira Bonita (Mun. Caparaó), erva 50 cm, capitulos alvos, matinha de alt. 1800 m, 15 June 1991, G. & M. Hatschbach & D. Guimarães 55534 (MBM, US); São Paulo: (capital), on margin of a rivulet, white flowers, B. Prokel 5333 (US); São Paulo, aguas de Lindois, semi-prostrada, á sombra da mata, á beira de córrego, corolas alvas, 17 Aug 1968, W. Hoehne 6248 (SP, US)

This is the most common species of Fleischmannia in eastern Brazil. It is distinct from other Brazilian species by the more densely corymbiform inflorescence and broader style branches.

Perennial herbs to 60 cm high; stems brownish to reddish-tinged, terete, densely pilosulous, without known branches but often with axillary fascicles. Leaves opposite, petioles, short, 4–7 mm long, a 5^th as long as blade; leaf blade narrowly ovate, with pale main veins, Inflorescence rather dense, flattened corymbiform; branches strongly ascending, puberulous; peduncles 3–7 mm long, puberulous. Heads ca. 6 mm high and 4 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 22, gradate, 1.5–5.0 mm long, described as lanceolate, attenuate, most specimens seen with bracts more oblong and less pointed, often reddish distally. Florets ca. 25 in a head; corollas pink, 3–4 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm, throat 2–3 mm, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, without evident hairs; anther thecae ca. 1 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.25 mm long; style branches not broadened distally. Achenes ca. 2 mm long, with paler ribs, pappus setae white, ca. 27, 2.5–3.0 mm long, slender, scarcely contiguous.

Specimens seen that bear the name, have thin pale-green leaves with slightly paler abaxial surfaces and white main veins. The petioles in all four specimens are comparatively short, 1/5 the length of the blade or less. They are unbranched with flat-topped corymbiform inflorescences with strongly ascending inflorescence branches, and have at least the outer involucral bracts lanceolate. These specimens do not show the squarrose-spreading tips of the outer involucral bracts cited by Robinson (1920), but this characteristic is probably only a feature of an individual specimen. Such recurved tips have been seen in occasional specimens of other species as a result of something done during preparation.

Four different specimens seem to share these general characteristics. The one that seems to fit the concept best is from Bolivia: Cochabamba, 2–3 ft., 7, March 1920, E.W.D. & Mary M. Holway 373 (US ex hb. Gray). Three additional specimens that have been determined as F. bridgesii, but differ from that species in some details, are Bolivia: Cochabamba, 2600 m, 1932, Bro Julio II 263 (US); Bolivia: Dpto Chuquisaca, Prov, Azurduy, Azurduy-Icla, arbusto, flor lila, May 1981, E.E.B. (ERTS) 313a (LPB, US); Chuquisaca, Sucre, alt. 2700 m, herb, ca. 50 cm high, fls. pink, April 1933, M. Cardenas 494 (US ex hb. Gray as Eupatorium prasiifolium. The latter three specimens have most involucral bracts with more obtuse and more extensive reddish puberulence on stems, branches of the inflorescence and involucral bracts. All four specimens seem to be snatchings from tops of plants, and the total habit and any vegetative branching is unknown.

Perennial herbs ca. 0.6 m tall; stems pale whitish-green, striated, densely viscid glandular, glabrate; internodes to 7 cm long; branches spreading at ca. 30° angles. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.5–1.0 cm long, densely viscid-glandular; leaf blades membranaceous, pale green, broadly ovate, to 3.5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, widest ca. 5 mm above base, base rounded to subcordate, margins crenate-serrate, each with 4–20 teeth, teeth mucronulate, apex short-acute to obtuse, surfaces with veins glandular-puberulous; triplinervate from petiole. Inflorescence with long leafy branches bearing small clusters of heads in corymbiform cymes, peduncles viscid glandular; involucral bracts 19–21, gradate, outer bracts ovate, ca. 2.5 mm long, inner bracts linear-lanceolate, with tips often lavender, acutish, sparsely glanduliferous. Florets 20–25 in a head; corollas ca. 4 mm long, lilac, glabrous, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, ovate-deltoid; style branches not or scarcely thickened distally. Achene ca. 1.75 mm long, angles yellowish-white, scabrous; pappus white, of ca. 20 slender bristles ca. 3 mm long, not contiguous.

The ascending branches, viscid glandular pubescence and lavender colored corollas should distinguish the species. No specimens have been seen matching this description. The strongly ascending branches indicate relationship to F. prasiifolia, and some specimens of F. prasiifolia placed in this study in the var. glandulifera also have glands. However, the specimens determined below as F. prasiifolia var. glandulifera have very minute glands, much denser clusters of heads in the inflorescence, have petioles of the leaves much shorter and tips of the leaves narrowly acute. Further collecting in southern Bolivia should discover new material of this species, and a neotype can be established.

See description in Brazilian treatment.

Specimens with typical obtuse to short-acute leaf shapes have been seen from higher elevations in La Paz. Specimens with more acuminate leaf tips has been seen from elevations of 500 m or less in Cochabamba and Santa Cruz.

Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, along road from Santa Cruz to Samaipata, gorge of Río Laja, 1 km W of bridge over Río Colorado in Bermejo, sandy areas along river, in semi-deciduous short forest, 18°08'S, 63°19'W, alt. 900 m, herb, heads light violet, 9 Aug 1987, M. Nee 35613 (NY, US). (Figure 5).

Figure 5. 

Fleischmannia neei H.Rob., holotype (US).

Erect to scrambling perennial herbs to 1.2 m tall, stems terete, scarcely striate when dry, weakly puberulous to glabrate or glabrous; branches spreading at ca. 45 to nearly 90° angles; leaves opposite; petioles slender, 0.3–1.7 cm long, finely puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 2.3–6.5 cm long, 1–3 cm wide, base broadly rounded, scarcely acuminate at petiole, margins of lower leaves with teeth often sharply acute, apex short to narrowly acute, adaxial surface mostly glabrous, slightly shiny, abaxial surface slightly paler, puberulous on larger veins, mostly glabrous between; triplinervate from base of blade, larger veins whitish. Inflorescence a lax pyramidal panicle with mostly elongate, opposite, spreading branches, bearing small clusters of heads at tips; below and in inflorescence with small foliiform bracts on main axis; axis and branches of inflorescence glabrous or nearly so; peduncles 3–7 mm long, glabrous. Heads narrowly to broadly campanulate, 6 mm high, ca. 4 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 25 in ca. 5 series, gradate,1–4 mm long, 0.3–1.0 mm wide, with narrowly scarious margins and apex, most basal bracts narrowly ovate, inner bracts oblong with obtuse apices, outer surfaces glabrous; florets ca. 17 in a head, corollas pale violet or pink, 2.0–2.3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.4 mm long, throat 1.5–1.7 mm long, lobes ca. 0.3 mm long with few uniseriate hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.5 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.15 mm long; style branches not broader distally. Achenes ca. 1.8 mm long, ribs sparsely setiferous above scabrid below, not or scarcely paler; pappus white, bristles ca., 30, ca. 2 mm long, not broader at base, not contiguous, fragile,

Paratypes: Bolivia: La Paz, Noryungas, Polo-Polo bei Coroico, alt. 1100 m, Oct-Nov 1912, Otto Buchtien 3934 (US); La Paz, Prov. Nor Yungas, 4.5 km below Yolosa, then 0.7 km W on road to Río Huarinilla, 16°12'S, 67°45'W, elev. 1200 m, ford across Río Coroico, corollas lavender, 14 Nov 1982, J.C. Solomon 8909 (MO, US); Santa Cruz, Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, ca. 15 km (SE) up the Río Pitasama from the Río Surutú, moist tropical forest on lower montane slopes, sandstone, elev. 700 m, 17°44'S, 63°40'W, corollas pink, growing on dry, grassy cliff face, 28 Aug. 1985, J.C. Solomon & S. Urcullo 14129 (MO, US); Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, 10 km (by road) W of Bermejo, on road from Santa Cruz to Samaipata, brushy hillsides, grazed, with semi-evergreen forest, 18°09'S, 63°42'W, alt. 1150 m, 1 m tall, flowers pale violet. 6 Aug. 1987, M. Nee & C. Coimbra S. 35527 (NY, frag. US); Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, steep slopes with semi-deciduous forest, along nearly dry tributary to Río Bermejo, 1.5 km NW (upstream) from junction with Río Piojeras to form the Río Piraí, 18°11'S. 63°34'W, alt. 800 m, herbs to 1.2 m tall, leaves shiny above, buds only or a few pale lavender flowers, 13 July 1994, M. Nee 45188 (NY, US); Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, slopes of massive red sandstone along highway from Santa Cruz to Samaipata, 6.2 km (by road) from bridge over Río Laja, 18°09'S, 63°43'W., alt. 1230 m, herb, flowers light lavender, 12 July 1998, M. Nee & D. Atha 50086 (NY, US).

Fleischmannia neei is most distinct among Bolivian members of the genus by the glabrous branches of the inflorescence. The Buchtien collection was annotated by Rusby as Eupatorium polopolense B.L. Robinson, probably because of the locality. Many of the other specimens were subsequently also given that name. Typical Fleischmannia polopolensis differs obviously in its large denser corymbiform inflorescence and its densely puberulous peduncles. Relationship of the new species might seem much closer to the newly described F. steinbachii, with which it cooccurs in Santa Cruz, but the latter again has densely puberulous peduncles, more pubescent leaf surfaces, and lacks larger acute teeth on the margins of the lower leaves. An additional distinction of the new species seems to be the shorter corollas and much shorter anther thecae.

The new species also resembles the newly described F. hatschbachii of Mato Grosso, Brazil, but that has thinner branches in the inflorescence, more pilosulous leaves and white corollas.

Perennial suffruticose herbs ca. 0.5 m tall; stems erect, terete, purplish or brownish, ca. 3 mm wide, glabrous; internodes to 10–13 cm long; branches ascending, leafy. Leaves opposite; petioles 6–13 mm long, slightly villous-puberulous; leaf blades membranaceous, ovate, 3.6–5.0 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, base rounded, slightly acuminate at petiole, margins sharply serrate with 9–18 teeth on each side 1.0–1.8 mm high, apex acuminate, both surfaces green, puberulous on veins, scarcely paler abaxially. Inflorecsnce with terminal corymbiform trifid cymes, mostly 3–5-headed, branches and peduncles, densely puberulous, non-glandulferous; peduncles short. Heads 7 mm high, 5 mm wide; involucre campanulate, with ca. 20 bracts in ca. 3 series, oval to oblong. Florets 24–30 in a head; corollas white, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, hispidulous; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.15 mm long; style branches filiform-clavellate. Achenes ca. 1.6 mm long, black with paler ribs, ribs sparsely setuliferous; pappus white, of ca. 22 slender bristles, ca. 3 mm long, slightly broadened and scarcely contiguous at base.

Bolivia: Cochabamba, Sailapata, Ayopaya, 2700 m, at wet soil, 1 m, Oct 1935, Cárdenas 3271 (US); La Paz: Nordyungas, Polo-Polo bei Coroico, alt. 1100 m, region subtropical, Oct.-Nov. 1912, O. Buchtien 3933 (GH, NY, US).

This species includes the material that B.L. Robinson (1920) treated under the name Eupatorium marginatum Poepp. The supposed difference in number of florets in the heads proves spurious. The specimens cited by B.L. Robinson, were all collected by Buchtien in the same locality and share all the same obvious details. The species now known as Fleischmannia marginata (Poepp.) R.M. King & H. Rob. does not occur in Bolivia, but is restricted to the area of Junin in central Peru (Robinson 2001). It is distinct in its thicker leaf blades with smooth glabrous adaxial surfaces,

Erect to scrambling perennial herbs 30–100 cm tall, stems terete, striate, drying brownish, densely hirsutulous; branches ascending, spreading at less than 30° angles, internodes 4–12 cm long. Leaves opposite; petioles 0.1–1.2 cm long; leaf blades ovate, base obtuse to subtruncate, margins each with 5–8 usually blunt serrations, apex usually narrowly acuminate, surfaces pilosulous, coarser on veins below; triplinervate from petiole, veins dark. Inflorescence of large dense clusters of heads at tips of leafy branches, branches puberulous; peduncles 2–4 mm long, densely puberulous. Heads ca. 5 mm high, 4–5 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 30, gradate, 1.5–5.0 mm long, outer narrowly ovate, inner narrowly oblong, apices obtuse, often lavender tinged. Florets ca. 25–30 in a head; corollas reddish, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.7 mm long, throat ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, few or no short hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long; style branches slightly broadened distally. Achenes ca. 2 mm long; with pale setuliferous ribs; pappus white, with ca. 40 bristles ca. 2 mm long, slightly broader and contiguous at base.

The most significant distinctions are the strongly ascending branches, the rather sparsely pilosulous adaxial surfaces of the leaves, the densely corymbiform clusters of numerous heads in the inflorescence, the lavender or reddish corollas and the pale ribs on the submature achenes.

Bolivia: Tarija, Prov. Gran Chaco, Sanadita, 90–1.20 m de altura, flor lila, 8.8.1981, R.E.(ERTS) 294 (LPB, MO); Tarija, Prov. Cercado, 54.9 km E of Tarija-Padcaya road, on road to Entre Rios, Elev. 2050 m, Moist shrubby vegetation, heavily disturbed, 21°29'S. 64°20'W, corollas pinkish-purple, 1 May 1983, J.C. Solomon 10306 (MO, US); Prov. Cercado, 10 km NW of Tomatas (5 km N. of Tarija), on road through Erquis, elev. 2200 m, Angusturas de Erquis, isolated packet of moist shrubby vegetation, 21°28'S, 64°50'W, corollas purplish-pink, 9 May 1983, J.C. Solomon 10601 (MO, US).

With all the aspect of the typical variety, but with stems, surfaces of leaves and branches of inflorescence densely covered with minute stipitate glandular hairs.

Bolivia: Tarija: Prov. Cercado, cerca Tolomosa, suelo franco arcilloso, 1980 m, plano, flores lilas, arbusto, hasta 1.5 m, comuń, 5.5.86, E. Bastiás 4254 (LPB, US); Prov. Arce, 39.9 km S of jct. of road to Entre Rios, on road to Pascaya, elev. 2100–2200 m, isolated pocket of Podocarpus forest with dry open thorn-scrub (Acacia, Prosopis) below. 21°54'S, 64°41'W., corollas bright pinkish-purple, dry open hillsides, 29 April 1983, J.C. Solomon 10266 (MO, US); Prov. Cercado, camino a alto España 2400 m, suelo limo arenoso pH 5.2 Frec. Aislado, ca. 45 cm de alto, flor lila-rosada, 9.4.1988, F. Ehrich 527 (LPB, US).

Erect to reclining perennial herbs or subshrubs, to 1.5 m tall; stems greenish to brown or reddish, densely puberulous to tomentellous; branches spreading at 25–90° angles. Leaves opposite; petioles slender to 3 cm long; leaf blades herbaceous, rhomboid to narrowly ovate, to 5.5 cm long, to 3.5 cm wide, base broadly acute to truncate, margins usually crenate-serrate with 6–12 teeth on each side, apex short-acute to scarcely acuminate, adaxially pilose to pilosulous, abaxially sparsely to rather densely pilosulous, puberulous on veins, with glandular dots; triplinervate from petiole. Inflorescence a broad laxly corymbiform panicle with densely corymbiform branches; peduncles 1–3 mm long, puberulous. Heads 5–6 mm high; involucral bracts 18–25 in 3–4 series, gradate, mostly short-acute, scarious margins narrow to rather broad distally. Florets 15–25 in a head; corollas lavender to white, 2.5–3.5 mm long, basal tube 0.5–1.0 mm long, throat 1.5–2.0 m long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, with short hairs outside, anther thecae 0.8–0.9 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.25 mm long; style branches narrowly linear. Achenes 1.2–1.7 mm long, black with black ribs; setulae on ribs and distal faces; pappus white, of 20–30 scabrous contiguous bristles ca. 1.8–2.2 mm long.

Bolivia, Tipuani—Valley: Hacienda Casana, Bobuach de Abhänge, 1400 mm, 31 July 1922, O. Buchtien 7554 (US); Bolivia: Cochabamba, Prov. Narciso Campero Leyes, 12 km al NW de Novillero a Santiago, 18°17'S, 65°16'W, 2500 m, Bosque semideciduo, disturbado de 7 m de altura, en quebrada, con Anadenanthera, hierba 0.30 m, flores violetas, 17 June 1995, N. Kessler, J. Gonzales, K. Bach & S. Hohnwald 4613 (LPB, US); La Paz, Yungas, 6000 ft., 1885, H.H. Rusby 1608 (NY, US); La Paz, Abel Iturralde, along road between Tumupasa and San Jose de Uchupiamonas; NW of Tumupasa along slope leading up to Parque Nacional Madidi, 5.5–5.8 km above Jct to San Jose near Tumupasa, 15°45'S, 67°50'W, 830–850 m, 21 m tall, flowers lavender, 9 August 2000, T. Croat, A.C. Acebey & T. Kroemer 84384 (MO, US); La Paz, Nor Yungas, Region von Compatá, Hacienda “El Choro”, an Wagen zw. Gebürch, 1700 m, Wird 1 m hoch, Blüten helllila aurz-Weiss, 5 July 1930, O. Buchtien 8209 (US); La Paz, Nor Yungas, 4.5 km below Yolosa, then 10 km W on road up the Río Huarinilla, 16°12'S, 67°50'W. 1450 m, heavily disturbed moist forest, mostly secondary growth, roadside; suffrutescent, 75 cm tall, flowers pale lavender, 19–20 Oct. 1983, J.C. Solomon 8514 (MO, US); La Paz, Nor Yungas, en rente de Santa Rosa, Valle del Río Unduavi, 1530 m, arroyo cerco del camino; arbusto 1.2 m, flor lila, 5 9 1987, E. Vargas & R. Seidel 457 (LPB, US); La Paz, Nor Yungas, Chairo, 16°13'S, 67°52'W, 1400 m; restos de Bosque monte. ano, abierto con mucha Inga adenophylla; en la orilla alta de Río Huarinilla, hierba 1.8 m, flores moradas pequeñas, 19 June 1997, St. S. Beck 23001 (LPB, US); La Paz, Sud Yungas, etwa 5 Fahrkilometer ah der Strade von Chulumani Richtung Ocobaya, ca. 1500 m, Bluten hellblau, 16 May 1988, T. Feuerer & P. Franken 11741 (US).

This is what has been called Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less. by B.L. Robinson (1920). Also, Vargas & Seidel 457 has been previously misidentified as F. tamboensis and Beck 23001 has been misdetermined as F. yungasensis.

Erect or reclining herbs to 1.5 m tall; stems terete, striate, puberulous; internodes 5–12 cm long; branches spreading at 45–90° angles. Leaves opposite; petioles slender, 1.5–40 cm long, puberulous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–9 cm long, 1.8–6.5 cm wide, obtuse at base, each margin with 5–11 sharp or crenate teeth, apex narrowly acute but not acuminate; surfaces sparsely pilosulous to nearly glabrous, puberulous on veins; triplinervate from petiole, main veins dark. Inflorescence lax, with elongate branches bearing groups of few heads at corymbiform cymose tips; peduncles 5–30 mm long, puberulous. Heads with involucres 4–5 mm high, 2.5–4.0 mm wide; involucral bracts 20–26 in 5–6 series, gradate, outer bracts 1.0–1.5 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, puberulous, middle bracts lanceolate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, usually acute, inner bracts linear-oblong, 4.0–4.5 mm long, glabrous. Florets 17–24 in a head; corollas lilac, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube 0.6 mm long, throat ca. 2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.4 mm long and wide, without hairs outside; anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long; apical appendage ca. 0.25 mm long; style branches slender, scarcely broadened distally. Achenes 2.0–2.5 mm long, ribs narrowly pale, setuliferous; pappus whitish, of ca. 30 slender bristles ca. 3 mm long, not contiguous at base.

Tarija, Prov. O’Connor, 73.i km E of Tarija-Padcaya road, on road to Entre Rios (ca. 1 km below Narvaez), elev. 1700 m, moist sub-tropical forest with many Myrtaceae, Podocarpus, Legumes & abundant epiphytes, 21°25'S, 64°63'W, shrub, 1.5 m, forest understory, corollas very pale pink, 1–2 May 1983, J.C. Solomon 10333 (MO, US); Tarija, Prov. Arce, 5 km S of Comunidad Guayavillas (28.3 km S of Padcaya) on road to Bermejo. Elev. 1800–1900 m, disturbed dry forest with isolated patches of Podocarpus, Myrtaceae in more moist places. 22°01'S, 64°39'W, corollas white, forest understory, 6 May 1983, J.C. Solomon 10500 (MO, US); Tarija: Prov. Arce, valley of the Río Chillaguatas, below Rancho Nogalar on trail between Sidaras and Tariquia, 22°05'S, 64°25'W, elev. 1100 m, moist sub-tropical forest, corollas white, moist sand along river, young plant, 14–16 Oct, 1983, J.C. Solomon 11254 (MO).

Perennial herbs to 1 m tall; stems slender, flexuous, terete, glabrate, branches few. Leaves opposite; petioles flexuous, 3–8 mm long, puberulous with short purple-jointed hairs; leaf blades thin-membranaceous, 2.0–2.5 cm long, ca. 0.8 cm wide, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, base subcuneate, margins serrate with 3 or 4 blunt teeth on each side, apex scarcely acuminate, surfaces sparsely puberulous chiefly on veins; triplinervate from petiole, main veins whitish. Inflorescence a loose panicle with short-spreading mostly opposite branches, branches terminating in cymes with 5–14 heads; peduncles slender, ca. 1–3 mm long, puberulous. Heads ca. 6 mm high; involucral bracts 10–12 in 3–4 weakly gradate series, mucronate from rather obtuse tips, outer bracts short, ovate, intermediate bracts oblong, inner bracts oblong-linear. Florets 7–9 in a head; corollas apparently white, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes ca, 0.4 mm long, slightly hispiduous outside; anther thecae ca. 1 mm long; apical appendages ca. 0.2 mm long; style branches not broadened distally. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm long, black with pale seemingly glabrous ribs; pappus white, with ca. 30 slightly non-contiguous bristles ca. 2.5 mm long.

The NY holotype has been seen, but no other specimens have been seen that seem to be the same species. This is apparently one of the few species of the genus that can be distinguished by the fewer involucral bracts and florets in the heads. The species was described as having heads with only about 10 involucral bracts and 7 florets.

Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Prov. Cercado de Santa Cruz, Angustura, alt. 550 m, hierba abundante – crecehasta 0.6 m de alto, terrano semiseco y arenoso – orilla camino, flores blanco con licero tinte rosa purpurino, 28 June 1966, R.F. Steinbach 322 (holotype US). (Figure 6).

Figure 6. 

Fleischmannia steinbachii H.Rob., holotype (US).

Reclining herbs to 1 m tall, stems green to pale brown, terete, striated when dry, hirsute or hirsutulous. Leaves opposite; petioles 0.7–1.5 cm long densely puberulous; blades ovate, 2–4 cm long, 1.5–2.0 cm wide, base obtuse, margins serrulate with 5–9 blunt teeth, apex narrowly acute, adaxial surface pilosulous, abaxial surface essentially concolorous, pilosulous on and between veins, triplinervate from base, with main veins prominent, usually whitish. Inflorescence, a lax panicle with many pairs of elongate mostly opposite widely divaricating branches spreading at 60–90° angles, distally with cymiform branching, each bearing 2–8 heads, main axis and main branches with foliiform bracts 1.0–2.5 cm long, 0.3–1.2 cm wide; branches and peduncles densely puberulous, peduncles 4–20 mm long. Heads ca. 6 mm high, 4 mm wide; involucre of ca. 25 strongly gradate bracts 1.0–4.5 mm long, mostly ca. 1 mm wide, few at base acute at tips, most bracts broadly rounded at tip, with narrowly scarcious margins, glabrous and with prominent pair of longitudinal veins outside. Florets ca. 17 in a head; corollas pale bluish to reddish tinged, ca. 3 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, with few slender styliform cells on outer surface; anther thecae ca. 1 mm long; style branches not broader distally. Achenes ca. 1.8 mm long, with narrow pale, setuliferous ribs; pappus white, ca. 3 mm long, of ca. 30 slender fragile, non-contiguous bristles.

Bolivia: Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, 6.5 km (by road), 3 km (by air) NE of central square in Mairana on road to Yunga de Mairana, 18°06'S, 63°56'W, alt. 1800 m; near upper limit of dry woodland of Schinopsis haenkeanaI, with some columnar cacti (Cereus cf. dayami), beginning transition to more humid montane forest with Clethra scabra, Lithtaea ternifolia, etc., mostly turned into brushy pastures by cutting and burning, with Baccharis spp., Dodonaea viscosa, Mimosa lepidota. Weak, supported in shrub. Phyllaries green; flowers very pale violet, almost white, 9 May 1998, M. Nee 49278 (NY, US); Dept. Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida: valley of Río Paredones, near Achiras Camping resort, on road to Paredones, 18°09'30"S, 63°49'W, alt. 1350–1400 m, grazed or brushy areas, dry forest and pastures; weak herb with stems 1 m long; flowers pale blue, 6 June 1998, M. Nee 49614 (NY, US).

This new species would key in Robinson (1920) to what he called Eupatorium tamboense Hieron., and that is is where specimens may have been placed in the past. However, Fleischmannia tambonsis is described with reddish hairs and stipitate glands on the branches of the inflorescence. Some of the present paratypes have been identified in the past as F. polopoloensis and F. schicktendanzii. Of these the former differs by the denser more corymbiform inflorescence with white corollas. The latter differs by the more alternate distal branching of the mature plants, the more slender peduncles, the fewer and non-contiguous bristles of the pappus, and the lack of hairs or styliform papillae on the outer surfaces of the corolla lobes.

The styliform papillae on the outer surfaces of the corolla lobes have been seen in all three specimens placed in the species. The position of these papillae is one often occupied in other species by a few broader multicellular monoseriate hairs. Such styliform papillae have not been noticed in any other species in the genus, and this may prove a valuable distinguishing characteristic.

Subshrub, erect, ca. 1 m tall; stems terete and glabrate below, upwardly with spreading purplish glandular pubescence, internodes to 10 cm long; branches spreading at 45–80° angles. Leaves opposite; petioles 0.5–1.5 cm long, with reddish glandular hairs; leaf blades membranaceous, rhomboid-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, to 5 cm long, to 2.2 cm wide near base, base rounded to shortly cuneate, margins each with 5–11 teeth, teeth 0.5–1.3 mm long, acute and mucronate, apex acute, adaxial surface scabridulous, abaxially scabrid on veins; triplinervaate from petiole. Inflorescence pyramidal, with slender branches ending in loose cymes; peduncles 5–6(-12) mm long, densely puberulous. Heads with involucres ca. 6 mm high, involucral bracts ca. 20–23, gradate in 5–6 series, outer ovate, ca. 1.5 mm wide, densely puberulent, greenish to purplish outside, inner bracts linear-lanceolate, to 4.5 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm wide, subacute. Florets 16–21 in a head; corollas lilac, ca. 3.2 mm long, lobes ca. 0.7 mm long and wide, short-triangular, anther thecae not seen. Achenes ca. 1.75 mm long, with ribs lighter-colored, sparsely setuliferous; pappus with ca. 20 tenuous noncontiguous bristles, ca. 3 mm long.

No specimens have been seen that match the description. The specimen that matches best is one cited by Robinson (1920) “Bolivia: La Paz, South Yungas, Sirupaya near Yanacachi, alt. 2100 m, Buchtien 191 (300) (NY, US)” distributed as Eupatorium stipuliferum. This specimen cited by Robinson has glands on the peduncles but no reddish hairs, and it is from La Paz, not Tarija. The other specimen cited by Robinson (1920) “Bolivia: Cochabamba, Río Juntas, alt. 900 m, April 1892, Kuntze s.n. (NY, US).” first annotated as Eupatorium marginatum, has densely puberulous but eglanduliferous peduncles without reddish hairs. This latter specimen remains unplaced at this time.

The species described after the Robinson 1920 treatment, F. yungasensis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. seems closest to F. tamboensis with its reddish hairs and stipitate glands, but it differs by its lower stems and leaves also being densely covered with stipitate glands and by its white corollas.

Scandent or subscandent perennial herbs, with all but most distal branches spreading at 90° angles, nearly straight or curving toward apex of main stem; stems hirtellous with reddish hairs; internodes 10–15 cm long; internodes of branchlets 2-3 cm long. Leaves opposite, leaves of main branches with petioles 10–22 mm long, densely hirtellous; leaf blades deltoid, 3.5–4.5 cm long, 1.5–2.5 cm wide, widest in basal fifth, truncate with only slight acumination at petiole; ca. 8 or 10 teeth on each margin, apex narrowly acuminate, adaxial surface hispidulous with hairs reddish near margin and pale farther from margins, abaxially spreading hirtellous on main veins, between veins sparsely pilosulous, triplinervate with strongly ascending lateral veins from basal acumination; branchlet leaves with petioles 3–5 mm long, blades 1.5–2.0 cm long, 1.0–1.7cm wide, 5–7 teeth on each margin, apex weakly acuminate to acute, pubescence as in leaves. Inflorescence with small clusters of heads terminal on elongate main stems and branches, branches of inflorescence and peduncles densely hirtellous with reddish hairs and intermixed stipitate glands; peduncles 3–7 mm long; heads ca. 6 mm high, 3–4 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 15, in ca. 4 series, 1.5–5.0 mm long, 1.0–1.2 mm wide, basal bracts ovate and acute, more herbaceous and densely pubescent, middle and inner bracts oblong, greenish to stramineous, with mostly 2 strong longitudinal veins, margins and tips scarious, apices obtuse. Florets ca. 15–17 in a head; corollas white. ca. 3.5 mm long, basal tube ca. 0.5 mm long, throat ca. 2.5 mm long, lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, with few hairs outside, anther thecae ca. 0.8 mm long, apical appendages ca. 0.25 mm long; style branches broadened distally to 0.3 mm wide. Achenes ca. 1.7 mm long, ribs scarcely pale, sparsely setuliferous; pappus ca. 3 mm long, of ca. 35 slender bristles not broader at base, not or scarcely contiguous.

Bolivia: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Yanacachi, camino haxia la Chojlla a la derecho primer desvic, al borde del camino, hierba apoyandose – 1.5 cm, flores blancas, 2100m, Matorral, secondary vegetation, 7 9 1987, E. Vargas & R. Seidel 490 (US, LPB). Bolivia. La Paz, Sud Yungas, Yanacachi, 1 km NNE de la Choilla, ladera de un arroyo, bosque bajo, 215- m.s.n.m. Trepadore colgante, 31 Oct. 1988, Seidel 1354 (LPB, US). La Paz: Sud Yungas, bajo de Pariguaya, 16°40'S, 67°31'W, 2000 m, bosque seco, arrina del río; subarbusto, 1 m, altos, flores blancas, 30 April 1995, St. S. Beck 22419 (LPB, US). La Paz: Inquisivi, 10 km al N de Inquisivi por el camino a Suri, al rededores del Puente sobre el Río Kato. Bosque seco con Prosopis, Acacia, Schinopsis y Pereskia, 16°48'S, 67°11'W, 2100–2200, semi-apoyante, hasta 2 m, corollas blancas, 12 march 1899, J.C. Solomon & M. Nee 18151 (MO, US); La Paz: Inquisivi. On the slope W of the Río Khatu between the mouth of the Río Cambillua and the Río Jokho Pampa, ca. 5 km SW of Inquisivi. Mostly semi-decidous chapparal-like scrub, 16°55'S, 57°11'W, 2500–2700 m, on bank in dry woodlands. Leaves purple, flowers white. 17 Aug 1988, Lewis 881098 (LPB, MO, US). La Paz: Inquisivi, Prov. “Huayra Pata”—Major ruin discovery of large fortelezas, irrigation canals and mysterious foundations cover this ridge which is 2 km NE of the mouth of the Río Aguilani at Lakachaka, and 2 km S of the junction of the Río Mikhailpurhua and Río Aduada. 11 km N of Choquetanga. Area of ancient ruins which has been overgrazed, burned and generally raped into semi-barren grassland with some small shrubs. Collected bordering woodlands and mattorales. 15°39'S 67°20'W, vine-like, with opposite leaves, inflorescence without rays, white, leaves rather dry and curled when collected. Shrubby woodland, 19 Nov.1991, M. Lewis 40569 (LPB, MO, US, Quime); La Paz: Inquisivi, comunidad Khora-Lakachaca, Cuenca del Río Miguillas, 20 km de Choquetanga, 16°30'S, 67°20'W, 1450 m, Bosque, de especies semideciduos, con varias Leguminosas-Mimosas vegetación sobre terrazas antiguas, Transecto 9, herbácea terrestre, flores blancas. 30 May 1994, M. Salinas 3061 (LPB, US). La Paz: Inguisivi, Camillaya arriba del pueblo, 16°48'S, 67°12'W, 3400 m, restos bosque alto-montano, apoyandose, tallos pargos de 4 m, flores blancas, 29 Sept. 1997, St. S. Beck 24350 (LPB, US).

Beck 24350, Solomon & Nee 18152, & Salinas 3041 previously have been misidentified as F. soratae. The specimen E. Vargas & R. Seidel 490 is evidently the apical part of a branch, with persisting primary branch leaves and a pyramidal inflorescence. The Lewis collections seen are evidently cut from median segments of the stems showing the consistently widely spreading branches and lacking main axis leaves.

The species is by all indications scandent, although it is probably more of a scrambling vine. The reddish pubescence is rather distinctive but according to descriptions also occurs in Fleischmannia tamboensis of Bolivia and such species as F. cookii (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. and F. rhodotephra (B.L. Rob.) R.M. King & H. Rob. in Peru. Fleischmannia tamboensis may be closely related, with its indument of red and glandular hairs, but that is from southernmost Bolivia in Tarija, and was described by Hieronymus (1897), one of its collectors, as suffruticose to 4 m tall, and sparsely branched, with membranaceous leaves with upper surfaces “scabriusculis” and abaxial surfaces scabrid on the nerves, and with peduncles ca. 6 mm long. This latter habit agrees with the type photograph that has been seen.