selloana: In honour of Friedrich Sellow (1789–1831), German botanist, a major collector of Brazilian flora.

Arundo dioeca Spreng. is a later homonym of Arundo dioica Lour. (1790) from Indochina, and is consequently illegitimate. Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult.f. is a new name for A. dioica Spreng.; A. dioeca Spreng. is cited in the protologue, and the diagnoses are identical. Furthermore, both description cite a Sellow collection, without number, from Montevideo. It is most likely that the type is Sellow 570 from Montevideo, which is in B, and is designated here as lectotype. Curiously, Conert (1961) proposed Sellow 396 from Brasilia as holotype of A. dioica, although Sprengel explicitly mentions that the type is from Monte Video. Gynerium argenteum Nees is also based on the same collection as Arundo dioica Spreng., plus some additional material. All three names are based on the same type.

pampas grass, cortadera, cola de zorro, carrizo de las pampas. The origins of the popular name “pampas grass” are somewhat obscure, and do not reflect the ecology of the species (Stapf 1897).

Cortaderia selloana ssp. selloana can be diagnosed by the glumes about as tall as the basal lemma, and lemma without a distinct awn. The plants are generally larger than those of C. araucana and C. speciosa, and the panicles are larger (0.5 to 1 m long), more lax, and coloured white, pink or yellowish. The similar size of basal lemmas and glumes (6–15 mm) further separates it from C. araucana (glumes 9–17 mm long, ca. ½ length of basal lemmas), whereas the larger glumes separate it from C. speciosa (glumes 6–8 mm, ca. ¾ length of basal lemmas). The large size may also lead to confusion with C. nitida, but it is easily separated by the larger and laxer panicles, 3-veined, awnless lemmas that are glabrous on hermaphrodite plants; and female plants with tiny staminodes. For the distinction from ssp. jubata see below.

Cortaderia selloana ssp. selloana was originally described as dioecious, but Astegiano et al. (1995) showed that it is gynodioecious, and Testoni and Villamil (2014) recorded several populations with only pistillate individuals (so presumably apomictic) in central and northern Argentina. This subspecies presents the greatest morphological variability and geographical range in the genus. The morphological characterization is also complicated by interbreeding between natural populations and cultivated plants.

jubata (Lat.): Having mane, crest, in allusion to the panicle.

pink pampas grass, jubata grass, cortadera

This subspecies is generally similar to ssp. selloana, and includes all the morphologically homogenous apomictic populations of the Yungas region. It can be separated from ssp. selloana by the inflorescences which extend far beyond the foliage, and the pink, 75–90 cm long, very lax, pyramidal and nodding panicles. In Ecuador it is sympatric with C. nitida, from which it can be separated by its larger size and its spectacular pink panicles. They can also easily be distinguished by the leaves: in subsp. jubata they are flat and folded V-shaped, while in C. nitida leaves are inrolled from both margins.

-ana, indicating connection. From the Araucania region of Chile.

cortadera

In the Selloana group, C. araucana is readily diagnosed by the basal lemmas longer than 12.5 mm and much longer than the glumes. The spikelets are 20–35 mm long and the lemma of the basal floret 14–25 (30) mm long (including awn of 5–11 mm long). The species is found in the southern (austral) Andean region.

Cortaderia araucana includes extensive morphological variation, and both gynodioecious and apomictic populations. This variability led Acevedo Vargas (1959) to recognize three varieties, which are no longer maintained. In northern Patagonia C. araucana and C. selloana are sympatric, but the plants of C. araucana are somewhat smaller, with less lax panicles and flowering in the austral spring (late November and early December), whereas C. selloana flowers in the austral summer (January and February). Further, the spikelets are different: the glumes are shorter than the basal floret, the lemma may terminate in an awn that arises between two lower lateral setae. The leaf anatomy of both species is similar.

speciosus (Latin), beautiful, showy.

The binomials Gynerium speciosum, G. neesii and G. pygmaeum – mentioned as new species by Meyen (1834), from Copiapo (Chile) and Lake Titicaca (Peru), respectively – are synonyms of Cortaderia speciosa, but are invalid (nomina nuda) as no descriptions were published. Their identity can be determined, because the specimens in B! were annotated with the Meyen names. Gynerium speciosum was validated by Nees in 1943. Tropicos (Downloaded 14 December 2016) lists the species as described by Nees in 1841 (Nees ab Esenbeck 1841), but this is erroneous. Conert (1961) designated Philippi 1024 (B photo!) from Chile (“Atacama oppidum, 1824”) as lectotype of Gynerium atacamense Phil. However, the type has been found in the herbarium SGO (Connor, 1983) and, therefore, the lectotype designated by Conert should not be taken into account. The binomial Arundo quila Molina is a synonym of Chusquea quila Kunth (Bambusoideae). In some works, it has been confused Gynerium quila Nees & Meyen (basionym of Cortaderia quila Nees & Meyen) Stapf, therefore, the binomials Gynerium quila (Molina) Nees & Meyen and Cortaderia quila (Molina) Stapf are invalid.

cortadera

In the Selloana group, C. speciosa can be diagnosed by the short basal lemmas, which are less than 13 mm long. The spikelets are 8–15 mm long and the basal lemma 7.0–12.5 mm long (including awn, 1–4 mm). It differs from other species in the group by its very compact, bright brown panicles with ascending, short and stiff branches. The species is readily distinguished by the small floret sizes. The leaf anatomy is also somewhat different from the other species of the group (Fig. 2C): the midrib is rounded and somewhat lower; the outer sheath of the central vascular bundle without projections to the adaxial epidermis; and with a massive abaxial sub-epidermal collenchyma layer, only in the middle part of the leaf. The latter occurs in the Nitida group but along the leaf. It is known only by pistillate plants from desert regions (the Puna) of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile.

This species is completely apomictic, and several morphological subgroups can be recognized. As these are all apomicts, it is presumed that they derive from the same ancestral sexual population. The material previously separated as C. rudiuscula has longer (9–12 mm) and more slender lemmas, than the material previously separated as C. speciosa (lemmas ca. 8 mm), but there is no clear separation between these two forms.

In honour of George Hans Emmo Wolfgang Hieronymus (1846–1921), German botanist, sometimes resident of Argentina.

Seringuilla, sivinga (Tucuman).

This species contains substantial variation in the robustness of the plants. Conert (1961) partitioned this variation into three species (L. peruvianus, L. venturi and L. hieronymi) and Pilger (1906) recognized varieties in his L. hieronymi. Study of the herbarium material suggests that this is most likely all one taxon (Bernardello 1979), but an analysis of variation within natural populations in the field would be useful to understand the range of variation possible. Cortaderia hieronymi differs from the other species in Cortaderia by the very long hair-like lemma awns and setae, the glumes without veins, and the small flowers with relatively short and sparse lemma hair.

Only apomictic populations are known, but a few fertile staminate specimens with long hairs on the lemmas were found (Bernardello 1979). It is not known if they can form viable caryopses, and if the species is dioecious or gynodioecious.

In the central and northern Argentina to Ecuador C. hieronymi is sympatric with the two subspecies of C. selloana, but it is easily separated by its smaller panicles, spikelets with glumes without veins, and 5-veined, 3-awned lemmas. In Peru and Ecuador it is sympatric with C. bifida, with which it is often confused: in both species the old leaf sheaths are lacerated and the spikelets have long awns, but the spikelets of C. hieronymi are bigger, and the lemmas with longer and robust central awns.

egmontiana: called after Port Egmont in the Falklands / Malvinas Islands.

Brongniart (1829) described Ampelodesmos australis, and explicitly included Arundo pilosa D’Urville as a synonym, noting that this species is better placed in Ampelodesmos.

The species can be readily diagnosed by the combination of compact inflorescences, almost glabrous leaves, and either no, or poorly developed, awns and setae on the lemmas. The habit and dense inflorescences are as in C. sericantha, but C. egmontiana differs by the absence of setae, and by the almost completely glabrous leaves. The lemma and spikelet morphology (reduced or absent awns and setae) suggests an affinity to the eastern Brazilian species C. vaginata and C. modesta. From these two species C. egmontiana can be separated by the compact inflorescences and the tendency of the leaf blades to disarticulate from the sheaths. It is the only Cortaderia species in southern South American temperate zone. The leaf anatomy (Figs 2E, 3A) does not show any distinctive peculiarities.

There is remarkable intraspecific variation in the spikelet and floret sizes, and Conert (1961) separated the forms with smaller spikelets as C. minima. Moore (1983) suggested that the two taxa were latitudinally separated, with the southern populations constituting C. pilosa, and the northern C. minima. On the available material, there is indeed a break in the glume length variation. However, this fits no ecological or geographical pattern, and both small and large-glume forms occur in both the Falkland / Malvinas islands and Tierra del Fuego. Further north, indeed, only the small-glume form is found. This suggests that this size variation has no biological significance, accordingly it is ignored here.

modesta (Latin) = moderate, presumably referring to the culms of average height.

The locality information given by Connor and Edgar (1974) is incorrect. Note that Glaziou made several collections of the same species from the same area.

cabeça de negro, capim-de-anta.

Some specimens show a poorly developed axillary inflorescence developed at the penultimate node of the flowering culm. The almost awnless lemmas, with the paleas as long as the lemmas, and the very dense callus hairs compared to the short lemma back hairs, are almost unique in the genus. Its closest relative might be C. vaginata from Santa Catarina, further south along the Brazilian Atlantic coast. It is readily distinguished from C. vaginata by the persistent leaf sheaths and the awnless lemmas. According to herbarium labels the plant forms massive tussocks with persistent red, burnt sheaths.

Brasil, Santa Catarina, Bom Retiro, Campo dos Padres, 16 Dec. 1948, R. Reitz 2398 (lectotype, designated as holotype by Connor & Edgar, Taxon 23: 603 (1974): US 00133444!; isolectotype: HBR).

vagina (Latin) = sheath. Possibly referring to the conspicuous leaf-sheaths, a feature that is common to most of the genus.

Penacho, Capim-Penacho.

According to Swallen (1956) this species resembles C. parviflora, but differs by the glabrous lemmas and long-villous calli. It is unusual among the species assigned to Cortaderia by the glabrous lemma, and the almost glabrous pedicels and inflorescence axes. This species may be a local endemic, and might be quite rare. It is probably most closely related to C. modesta, which also has a reduced awn, but differs by the sheaths which are lacerated, lax panicles (without axillary panicles), and the glabrous lemma. Geographically it can be immediately identified as the only Cortaderia species from Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

The leaf anatomy is identical to that of C. modesta, except that all sections appear to have large empty cells in the middle of the leaf (Fig. 2D), between the vascular bundles. These were seen on some sections of C. modesta, but rarely.

niteo (Latin) = shine. It may refer to the persistently intact, more or less white, leaf sheaths.

“Sigse de Páramo”.

Cortaderia nitida is a distinctive grass. It is the tallest and most robust species of this group. The lamina margins are inrolled. The basal sheaths gradually become shorter with age, but do not become lacerated, the leaf blades are scabrid in the upper half but not the lower, and the inflorescence branches which are scaberulous while the pulvini often have a few long hairs (the latter seems to be unique in the genus). The callus usually has very long spreading hairs (more than 2 mm, almost equivalent to the lemma hairs), and the setae are less than 2 mm long. The other tall Cortaderia, C. bifida, has central awns that are longer than 8 mm, and very well developed setae. The lemma shape is similar to C. columbiana, but the inflorescence branches are scaberulous in C. nitida, and villous in C. columbiana.

This species also approaches the Selloana group by it large size, big plumose inflorescences, and especially by the lemma shape. It is easy to confuse the lemmas of the two groups, but in Nitida group the lemmas are 5–7 veined, hairy in both sexes, while in Selloana group the lemmas are 3-veined, hairy in female plants and glabrous in hermaphrodite plants. The plastid sequence data also places this species as sister to the Selloana group, but this is not corroborated by the ITS-based phylogeny.

Laegaard (1997) mentions a distinct form of smaller and more delicate plants from the province of Azuay in Ecuador, and with three-nerved glumes, but we have not seen any material of it.

The leaf anatomy (Fig. 3D) is similar to that of C. boliviensis, and approaches that of C. sericantha. A well-developed layer of collenchyma is found below the abaxial epidermis, and overall there is little evidence of lignification. It differs from C. sericantha by the well-developed adaxial grooves and the not quite so massive collenchyma, and by the presence of adaxial papillae.

-ense (Latin), denoting origin. From Bolivia.

This species is very similar to C. nitida, with which it shares the (usually) non-lacerated, entire leaf sheaths and the shape of the lemmas, as well as largely similar leaf anatomy. However, neither chloroplast nor nuclear genome indicates such a relationship for C. boliviensis (Pirie et al. 2009). It differs by the horizontally shattering sheaths. More inconsistent differences are in the indumentum of the floret, with the callus indumentum of C. boliviensis being shorter than in C. nitida. Lyle (1996) diagnosed C. boliviensis against C. bifida, under which it was originally described as a variety by Henrard in 1921. Mostly it is very different from C. bifida: the latter has much longer lemma setae and the basal sheaths are lacerated and not shattered. The type collection, however, is easily confused with C. bifida due to the long awns and setae, and somewhat fragmented leaf sheaths. The leaf anatomy is also quite different.

The leaf anatomy (Fig. 3E) is like that of C. nitida, with adaxial grooves and a well-developed abaxial collenchyma layer. There are differences in detail, and wider sampling may well indicate that this is within-species variation.

serios (Greek) = silken + Anthos (Greek) = flower. Presumably this refers to the silky-haired leaves, a diagnostic trait for this species.

This species is very distinctive in Cortaderia by its very villous leaves, which are rolled rather than flat, and quite pungent; the compact inflorescences with short inflorescence branches; the glumes with three veins and which are much longer than the packet of florets; and the tuft of hair at the base of the spikelets. The inflorescences are similar to those of C. egmontiana, but the villous leaves immediate distinguish our species from C. egmontiana. The intact leaf sheaths, pungent leaf tips, and compact growth form related this species to C. pungens and C. echinata. The remarkably large glumes, much overtopping the packet of florets, are shared with C. echinata.

The leaf anatomy (Fig. 3F) could be unique in the genus. The abaxial half of the leaf, in cross-section, consists of colourless collenchyma. The vascular bundles are very slender, and the girders taper towards the adaxial epidermis. Adaxially the leaves are only very slightly grooved.

pungens (Latin): piercing, terminating in a sharp point. This describes the leaf tips.

This species is often placed with C. hapalotricha, from which it differs by (a) shorter growth-form (less than 1 m tall); (b) the intact leaf bases; (c) the rolled, pungent leaves; and (d) deeply lobed lemmas. The two species have much in common (leaf anatomy, spikelet and inflorescence structure). It is possible that they are ecotypes of each other, and the problem needs critical field work. We keep them separate on the very different growth-form. The intact leaf bases and pungent leaves suggest a relationship to C. sericantha and C. echinata, but the species is readily separated from these two by the much shorter glumes.

The leaf anatomy was not studied.

Peru, vicinity of Cerro Ayrahnanca pass ca. 1 km E of Lugo Ututo on road between Cataparaco and Utcuyau, 4223 m. Rocky slopes, 11 Mar 2008, P. M. Peterson, R. J. Soreng, M. I. la Torre & J. V. Rojus Fox 21587 (holotype: Z!, isotype: US!).

Similar to C. pungens by the small compact habit and pungent leaves, but differing by the shattering leaves and the longer spikelets.

Plants forming tough, perennial cushions (vegetable hedgehogs) to 30 cm in diameter and to 30 cm tall. Basal sheaths white, shiny, persistent, when old splitting transversely into segments, puberulous between the veins. Ligule a dense ring of hairs 2–3 mm long, sheath mouth glabrous. Leaf blades 80–150 × 2–3 mm; C-shaped at base and margins incurved towards apex, forming a rolled, viciously pungent tip; disarticulating from the persistent sheath at the ligule. Inflorescence paniculate, contracted, ovate, 60–100 × 15–25 mm, with 100–300 spikelets; branches and pedicels shorter than and obscured by the spikelets, scaberulous. Female-fertile spikelet 16–22 mm long; with ca. 3 florets. Glumes 16–22 × 0.6–0.8 mm; twice as long as the packet of florets; 1 veined, acute, glabrous, straw to almost white, upper and lower glumes similar. Callus ca. 0.75 mm long; indumentum 2–2.5 mm long, overtopping the base of the lemma hairs length; rhachilla 0.75 mm long. Second lemma ca. 4 mm long, 5 veined, indumentum scattered on lower half of lemma back, about as long as the lemma lobes, 5–6 mm long; lemma-lobes acute, 3–4.5 mm long, setae 2–3 mm long, distinctly shorter than lemma lobes, included in the glumes; awn simple, 8.5–10 mm, longer than setae. Palea linear, 5 × 0.5 mm, obscurely bilobed, keels sinuose; scabrid, with hair-tufts along mid-margins. Lodicules obtriangular and with bristles.

Leaf in transverse section expanded, sclerophyllous; margins gently tapering, sclerenchyma caps well-developed; adaxial furrows located between all vascular bundles, the same over primary and tertiary vascular bundles, about half depth of leaf, forming narrow clefts, ribs flat-topped; abaxial ribs and furrows present. Vascular bundles closer to abaxial surface, 3 primary vascular bundles in half a leaf section, with 1–2 tertiary vascular bundles between the primary vascular bundles. primary vascular bundles elliptical; phloem without lignified cells; metaxylem vessels narrower than outer bundle sheath cells; outer bundle sheath clearly distinct from chlorenchyma, cells larger and colourless, with adaxial and abaxial interruptions; inner bundle sheath walls thickened anticlinally, cells smaller than outer bundle sheath cells; adaxial sclerenchyma as inversely anchor-shaped girders; abaxial sclerenchyma as trapezoidal girders. tertiary vascular bundles outer bundle sheath cells distinct from and larger than chlorenchyma cells, walls thickened anticlinally or all round; with abaxial interruption only; adaxial bundle sheath extension present with cells smaller than outer bundle sheath cells; adaxial sclerenchyma inversely anchor-shaped girders; abaxial sclerenchyma as trapezoidal girders; phloem without lignified cells or with only the inner bundle sheath lgnified. Mesophyll of small, angular isodiametric chlorenchyma cells with small air spaces. Abaxial epidermal cells all larger than adaxial ones; outer wall twice as thick as inner wall; walls equal to mesophyll walls. Subepidermal layer of sclerified fibres only in marginal regions of leaves, absent from the middle of the leaf (directly next to leaf margins), 2-3 cells thick; with large clear parenchymatous cells below abaxial furrow present, connected via collenchyma cells to the adaxial furrow to the epidermis and so partitioning the chlorenchyma. Bulliform cells absent; abaxial epidermal zonation present (Fig. 3G).

echinus (Latin) = hedge-hog or sea-urchin. The plant is spiny like a hedgehog.

South America, Peru.

4220–4230 m.

Rock ledges (bedrock slabs); moisture regime: in soil pockets on rock. Forming cushions on almost flat rock slabs, in pockets of soil.

Figure 4. 

Cortaderia echinata (all from Peterson 21587). A habitat on bare rock slabs B habit, forming a vegetable hedgehog C inflorescence D spikelet, somewhat squashed (all very compact in the inflorescence) E glumes F floret package, with three florets, note long lemma indumentum G palea with sparse indumentum on the lateral palea flaps. A and B were photographed by Paul Peterson and Robert Soreng.

Known only from the type collection.

Flowering month March or April.

The small compact hedgehog form with pungent leaves is similar to C. pungens, from which it differs by the shattering leaves and the longer spikelets (glumes 15–25 mm long). The shattering leaf-sheaths link the species to C. boliviensis, but it differs by the very different growth form. The compact inflorescences are reminiscent of C. egmontiana, but the pungent leaves provide a simple diagnostic difference.

The leaf anatomy is reminiscent of that of C. bifida, but the outer bundle sheath is not lignified, and form an extension adaxially on the vascular bundles, connecting them to the lignified anchor-shaped girders.

bis (Latin) = twice + fidu, divide, this presumably refers to the lemma setae.

This species can be diagnosed by the combination of the lacerated sheath bases, the long awns and especially the long setae. The shape of the lemmas with lobes and setae are shared with C. hapalotricha, and the curly fibrous leaf remains are similar to C. roraimensis. It is separated from C. roraimensis by the hairy lemmas and by the much longer awns and setae. It differs from C. hapalotricha by the glabrous adaxial surface above the ligule and the scaberulous inflorescence branches. From the other tall species, C. nitida, it can be separated by the longer awns (more than 8 mm long). The long awns and setae result in the inflorescences looking similar to those of C. peruviana, but the bases of the plants are quite different. Consequently, it can be difficult to determine collections which consist only of inflorescences.

The leaf anatomy (Fig. 3H), in transverse section, shows shallow abaxial groves and deep adaxial clefts. Adaxially there appear to be no papillae (different from the C. hapalotricha anatomy). Abaxially below the epidermis are large colourless cells. The outer bundle sheath of the primary vascular bundles are completely lignified. Thus broadly similar to the C. halalotricha anatomy, but differing in a number of traits.

Colombia, Dept. Valle del Cauca, Cordillera Occidental, extremo N, vertiente NW, entre Alto del Buey y Quebrada de los Ramos, 12 Oct. 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 18059 (lectotype, designated as holotype by Connor & Edgar, Taxon 23: 601 (1974): US 00133442!).

planus (Latin) = flat + folium (Latin) = leaf. Leaf-blades flat.

Cortaderia planifolia has many similarities to C. pungens, but is separated by the flat or folded, but not rolled, leaves; somewhat taller tussocks (05-1 m, compared to 0.2-0.5m); adaxial leaf surface above the ligule glabrous; glumes 8-15 mm long, compared to 12-16 mm; lemmas 4-8 mm, compared to 3-4 mm long; lemma awn less than 8 mm long, compared to more than 9 mm in C. pungens. These numerous small differences suggest that these are two species.

It has also been grouped with C. hapalotricha, from which it differs by the smaller size, the flat leaves glabrous above the ligule, the shorter lemma awn and setae.

Leaf anatomy not investigated.

hapalos (Greek) = soft + thrix (Greek) = hair. It presumably refers to the densely pubescent rhachilla.

The type specimen of Cortaderia scabriflora is intermediate between C. hapalotricha, C. pungens and C. planifolia. It has the lemma structure of C. pungens, the folded leaves typical of C. planifolia, the pungent leaves typical of both, but the size of C. hapalotricha. Overall, it approaches C. hapalotricha.

Connor and Edgar (1974) note “The golden brown panicles with very hairy branches are obvious characteristics of this species.”, but these characters are variable in the species. Cortaderia hapalotricha is morphologically very close to C. columbiana, especially by the inner leaf surfaces directly above the ligule being densely and finely woolly. Genetically, the two species are strongly supported as sister species. Cortaderia hapalotricha can be separated from C. columbiana by the longer glumes, which are much longer than the spikelets, by the denser inflorescences, and by the lemmas which have well developed setae. It is also similar to C. bifida, but the lemmas are longer and the setae shorter. Most convincing might be anatomical differences, these need to be corroborated with more sections. The leaf anatomy and spikelet structure indicate a very close relationship with C. pungens, and the two might just be ecological variants of each other. However, the growth form is quite different, and we keep them separate on this basis.

Leaf anatomically (Fig. 3I) this species is very similar to C. columbiana, with well developed adaxial ribs, and girders linking the vascular bundles to both surfaces, as well as well developed adaxial epidermal papillae. The only difference may be the absent or poorly developed abaxial subepidermal sclerenchyma layer.

-ana, indicating connection. From Republic of Colombia.

Connor & Edgar (1974) imply a similarity to C. hapalotricha, but note that the panicle is longer, more laxly flowered, and dull brown, and that this separates the two species. Cortaderia columbiana is superficially similar to C. hapalotricha, and also has short felty hair on upper leaf surface above the ligule, but is different by the shorter setae. Leaf anatomically they can be separated by the presence of a continuous lignified sub-epidermal layer on the abaxial side. It is also very similar to C. roraimensis by the lemma shape, in particular with the very short setae. However, the plant bases differ: in C. roraimensis the leaf bases are lacerated and curly, a feature less well developed in C. columbiana. Possibly the best way to separate the two species might be by the much more villous leaf margins, and often the villous adaxial leaf surface of C. columbiana. Geographically, the two species are also adjacent.

The leaf anatomy is like that of C. hapalotricha, but differs by a continuous sclerenchyma layer below the abaxial epidermis.

-ensis (Latin), denoting place of origin. From Mt Roraima, Guyana.

This is the only Cortaderia species from the tepuis. It is very similar to C. columbiana. It shares with C. columbiana and C. bifida a base of dense clustered lacerated sheaths. From the similar C. columbiana it is separated by the almost absent indumentum on the leaf margin directly above the simple ligule. From C. bifida it is distinct by the lobed lemma, where the lobes are not extended into slender setae.

The leaf anatomy (Fig. 3J) follows the same basic plan as that of C. hapalotricha.