Palicourea longiinvolucrata and related species, note diagnostic differences in bract arrangement and length. Palicourea longiinvolucrata, inflorescence (ABerger 1418) and infructescence (BBerger 1633); Palicourea hoffmannseggiana, infructescence (C unvouchered); Palicourea gracilenta, infructescence (DBerger 2055); Palicourea winkleri, infructescence (EBerger 1737). All photos by the author.